Tectonic sebopeho East European thota. Ea liphallelo ea East European Plain

Bochabela European Plain ke karolo ea sethaleng bochabela Europe. Sena ke e unit trust ea boholo-holo le ea tsitsitseng, le a phuthilweng mabanta bapileng. Ka sethaleng bochabela se likiloe Urals. Tectonic sebōpeho sa Bochabela European Plain ke hore ka boroa ho meeli le lebanta Mediterranean a phuthilweng le Scythian poleiti, eo ae phethang e le sebaka sa Pele ho Caucasus le Crimea. Le moeli oa eona fetela le tsoang molomong oa ka Danube, hammoho le Black le Azov Maoatle.

ritsa

Rarahaneng sebopeho tectonic ea East European Plain ile a ithuta ka ho bo-rasaense ba bangata ba. litsebi li tsoang linaheng tse ling e bitsa Russia (ka tsela e tšoanang le sethaleng a). Karolo ea moeli oa hae karolong e ka boroa le fetisa ho pholletsa le sebaka Tsimlyansk pokello. Ho na le ke kgolo Geological anomaly - Chief Bochabela European khefu. Sebōpeho sa sethaleng sebakeng sena ke e thata haholo, e le eona juts ka wedges Scythian poleiti.

Ka lebaka la ho e khōlō sebakeng seo tectonic sebopeho East European thota lekane. Bo-rasaense ba ka thōko ba babeli kholo-thebe molomo (Seukraine le Baltic) hammoho le libakeng tse 'maloa tsa tebang le tebileng mealo motheo. E entsoe ka Archean, Proterozoic le ea ka ho teba lihlopha.

Archean strata

Tiered tectonic sebopeho tsa East European Plain ke hore motheo oa e pepesa ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa le Shield Baltic ka Karelia le Kola Hloahloeng. E tšoanang ka ho ketekoa ho tloha lera Archean ka Konotop, Podolsky le tse fapaneng Dnieper. Mona o emeloang ke amphibolites, migmatites le gneisses. Ka majoe ana masihla a mangata a quartzite ferruginous le graphite. lilemo tsa bona - ka bang limilione tse 3 lilemo.

Mohlala o mong oa Archean lera - Voronezh anticline, moo motheo e behiloeng ka se tebileng haholo. Ho na le lihlopha ha seretse se chesang le femic. majoe ana a tšoauoa ka palo e khōlō ea intrusions ea asiti le motheo sebopeho, a le lilemo li e ka bang limilione tse 2,7 lilemong tse.

Theola le ho tsosa

Ha e le hantle, Bochabela bo European Plain - sethala sekoahelo sa eona hore e a phuthilweng sediments tsa Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic le mehla Cenozoic. Russia motheo letlapa fapane ea liphallelo e lekane ya motheo oa marulelong. sebopeho lona e arotsoe tse nne libaka mathomo subsidences le uplifts. Ba alternately ngoe le e mong le e tse ling. Ena ke sebaka seo la Caspian tsa subsidence, kotombola Sarmatian sebakeng, Baltic-Central Russia sebakeng subsidence le phahamisa sebaka Baltic.

Le matla a karolelano ea sethaleng ke tloha km 35 ho 40 (matla lebetsoeng le e tsitsitseng ka Voronezh anticlise - km 55 moo thatafetseng basalt lera se teng). Bonyane ba linomoro e sebetse ho Caspian syncline. Ho phahamisa basalt lera ile sa etsa hore crustal thinning Pachelma aulacogene.

Caspian drive

Lekantsoeng lilemo tsa East European Plain - lilemo tse milione 1.6-2.6 (tsa khale tsa libaka tsa lona tse teng karolong e ka bochabela). Ke tse fapaneng ka nako e telele-a eme kenyeletsa Tatar, Caspian le Zhiguli-Pugachevsky. Ba ile ba kopanela a sebetsa nyeoe ea protoplatformenny. The ngata kholo ka ho fetisisa - la Caspian. Ka Samara le Saratov Trans-Volga Volga e na le seliba. Ba o ile a senola se phahameng ea alumina Archean gneisses le schists.

Caspian drive ka a bale litsenyehelo ea e laolwang ke bophahamo ba East European Plain ka meeli ea eona boroa-ka bochabela, e fapaneng itseng tebileng sebopeho. Ka bohareng lona ho na le ke morema kolohantsoeng, empa ho phahama le teng ka basalt le Aralsorskom Hobdinskom matla a khoheli highs. setšoantšong se seng e mathōkong a drive ya. Ho na le hona joale mokato thinned ea morema.

Prikaspiyskaya syneclise akarelletsa ho domes ngata letsoai. Ka bophirimela le leboea lona mahlakoreng ho na le liphoso tsa tebileng (Volgograd sethaleng, Yulia Zhadovskaya ledge Tokarevskaya flexure). motheo e theolela ka botebo ba km 25. Letsoai domes tse ngata pele ho Guryev area. boholo bo ba bona ba ka ba le tse makholo km lisekoere. Ba na le likhutlo li tharo, tse chitja le elliptical sebopeho esita. Kholo ka ho fetisisa letsoai domes - Chelkarsky, Dossorsky, Inder, Makat, Eltonsky le tsoekere-Lebyazhinsky.

Syncline le anticline

Moscow syneclise - kholo ka ho fetisisa ka sethaleng Serussia. Joalo, karolong ea eona e bohareng ea East European Plain. Photo le ho etsa lipatlisiso geologists bontša hore bohale lona ka leboea ho na le tse peli tse ts'ehetsana (Soligalichskoe le Sukhonsky). Karolong e ba syncline e theolela haufi Syktyvkar, eo e ka amahanngoa domes maloa letsoai (Seregovskie Dome), e hahiloeng ya letsoai Devonian. botlaaseng lona ke Srednerussky aulacogene tlala mokato oa mafura.

elements mong oa bohlokoa oa lithoteng e tectonic - the Volga-Ural anticline. Ho na le depressions e khōlō le elevations. Anticline e tšoauoa ka mohaho rarahaneng. bophahamo-holo - Tokmovsky Vault ka Mordovia. Ho latela anticlise o tsoela pele libakeng senotlolo waterway - the Volga. Tse ling linōka tse khōlō tsa East European Plain (the Don, Dnieper, Bophirimela Dvina) tlaasana ho hae sebakeng letamo le litšobotsi tse ling.

tlisang liphallelo

Bophahamo karolelano ea East European Plain e limithara tse 170. Sekhahla phahameng ka ho fetisisa o ne a tlalehiloeng ho leralleng Ural ka Tatarstan (limithara tse 479 e). Ka kakaretso, le naha e bataletseng e fapana ho itšetlehile ka sebakeng seo. Karolo e bohareng e arotsoe mabalane maloa fapanyetsana le uplands. The pele ho tsona e teng ka phuleng ea Oka, ka leboea ho Donetsk telele. Upland ena. Nakong ea Dnieper glaciation e ne a koahetsoe ke thaba ea leqhoa le. Sena se pakoang ke mobung bath, ho akarelletsa le Moraine lebōpong letona la Oka, haufi Serpukhov.

The Urals ke Bugulmino-Belebei leralleng. E maralleng le steeply mekgokolosa sehlabeng. E entsoe ka siltstone, a lejoe la mokoetla, letsopa, marl le sandstone. Ho na le ba bangata ba le masoba karst le mahaheng. tlisang liphallelo Erosive dissected ke linōka - melatswana ea Volga, Kama le Belaya. Hill oli morui, (Romashkinskoye, Tuymazinskoe, Shkapovskoe). matsoapong bonolo meru se fokolang haholo ho feta syrts hodimo.

Volga Upland

Lebōpong le letona la Volga qala Volga Upland. Ho otlolla tloha Volgograd ho Nizhny Novgorod, 'me ho ea ka bophirimela ke le haufi le Tambov mabalane. thoteng ea liphallelo e East European karolong ena thehoa ka lebaka la timetso lefika, ka mor'a moo ho ile ha thehoa ka letsopa, lehlabathe, tjhoko, marl le botlolo. mobung tsena tsohle li Paleocene, Jurassic le Cretaceous.

More boholo-holo le tiileng Permian le Carboniferous lejoe la mokoetla outcrop mabōpong a Samara Bend. Har'a mobung lokela hape totobatsa sandstones matla. The bonaletsang kamoreng e ka tlaase ea Volga Uplands e theolela ka botebo e khōloanyane (ka 800 limithara tse).

The haufi le Oka-Don mabalane, le ho feta fokotswa holim'a. Volga matsoapong moepa le dissected ke likhohlo tse ngata le gullies. Ka lebaka la sena, ho na le ho ile ha thehoa tse matsaranka sebaka.

Kakaretso Sirt le Oka-Don mabalane

Kakaretso Sirt - karolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea tlisang liphallelo, e leng tse sa tšoaneng tsa East European Plain. Photos of sebakeng sena ka le moeli oa Russia le Kazakhstan bontša sebakeng chernozem, mobu chestnut le mobu letsoai atileng ka watersheds le liphula noka. Ka kakaretso Syrt Zavolzhe qala le fetela le ya km 500 ka bochabela. E haholo-holo sebakeng sebaka seo pakeng tsa e Moholo le Lesser Irgiz Irgiz, ka bochabela le haufi le ho Urals Southern.

Pakeng tsa Privolzhskaya le Upland teng Oka-Don mabalane. karolo lona ka leboea e tsejoang hape e le Meschera. Le moeli o ka leboea oa mabalane o Oka. E ka boroa ea moeli oa oona tsa tlhaho - Kalach Upland. Karolo ea bohlokoa ea mabalane le - Oka-Tsninsky theko. Ho otlolla ka Morshansk, Kasimov le lik'hapete. Sebakeng sena ka leboea ho Oka-Don mabalane thehoa ho tloha mobung glacial, 'me ka boroa e le motheo oa lehlabathe.

Valdai le Northern Uvaly

Khōlō East Plain European e teng pakeng tsa Atlantic le maoatleng Arctic. Libeisine tsa linōka hore phalla ka tsona, ho qala ka wa Valdai Hills. ntlha lona phahameng ka ho fetisisa - limithara tse 346. Valdai e teng ka Smolensk, Tver le libaka Novgorod. E tšoauoa ke maralleng Moraine orilla-le liphallelo. Ho na le e ngata mokhoabo oo le matša a (ho akarelletsa le Lake Seliger le Verhnevolzhskie).

Karolong e ka leboea ea East European Plain - Northern Uvaly. Ba lula naheng ea rephabliki ea Komi, Kostroma, Kirov le Vologda libaka. E entsoeng ka leralleng, butle-butle decreases ka tataiso northerly ho fihlela e e itšetlehile khahlanong le tsoeu 'me Barents Maoatle. bophahamo ba eona e lebetsoeng le - limithara tse 293. Northern Uvaly - tlisitseng beisine ea Northern Dvina le Volga.

Black Sea mabalane

E ka boroa-bophirimela ho East European Plain fella ka Black Sea mabalane, teng ka naha ea Ukraine le Moldova. Ka lehlakoreng le leng e potapotoeng ke Danube makgobokgobo, 'me ka ba bang - Azov Kalminus noka. The Black Sea mabalane e kenyeletsa neogenovyh le paleogenovyh Fat (letsopa, lehlabathe le lejoe la mokoetla). Ba koetsoe loam le loess.

Mabalane liphula tšela ke linōka tse 'maloa: ea Dniester, Southern Kekana le Dnieper. dibanka tsa bona tse fapaneng moepa 'me khafetsa ho ritsa ha lefatse. E lebōpong estuaries tse ngata (Dniester, Dnieper, 'me joalo-joalo. D.). Tšobotsi e 'ngoe amogelwang - le ho hongata haholo ea spits lehlabathe. Ka Black Sea mabalane busitse steppe landschap le sootho lefifi le mobu ba batšo. Sena se ruileng ya temo breadbasket.