Tectonic sebopeho. Oa pele-pele sebopeho tectonic

Tectonic sebopeho - ka libakeng tse khōlō ea khetla e thata ka ntle lefatšeng. Di lekanyetsoeng ke liphoso tebileng. Movement le sebōpeho sa karolong e ka holimo li ithutile ka wa laea kang ritsa.

Overview

sebopeho Tectonic fuputswa sebelisa dimmapa libaka, mekhoa geophysical (litšisinyeho tsa lefatše, ka ho khetheha) hammoho le ho cheka. Ho ithuta libakeng tsena e etsoa ho latela tlhophiso lumela. Hlahloba le jioloji mahareng le tse nyenyane sebopeho boholo ka bang 10 km le karolong sefapano, ritsa - sebopeho sa kgolo, tse fetang 100 Km. Pele o bitsoa dislocations ya mefuta e fapaneng (discontinuous, injective joalo-joalo.). Sehlopha sa bobeli se bolela synclinoria le anticlinoria libakeng a phuthilweng aulacogens, syncline, anticline hara lipoleiti le, lithebe, perikratornyh subsidence. sehlopha sena e boetse e akarelletsa ka tlas'a metsi etseng letho le a sebetsang a margins kontinenteng, sethaleng, geosynclinal lebanta, maoatle, orogenes, maporogo bohareng ba bo-leoatle, rifts, 'me joalo-joalo. tsena ho fetisisa khōlō dibopeho tectonic koahetsoeng khetla e thata' me e bitsoa lithosphere le tebileng.

tlhophiso

Superglobals khale sebopeho tectonic fihle limilione tse mashome limithara tse lisekoere. km le sebakeng le likete km ba bolelele ba eona. Ba ntshetsa pele ho pholletsa le histori Geological ea sethaleng polanete. Global tectonic sebopeho - ka sebopeho le hore nka tse limilione tse 10 sq. km SE. bolelele bona fihla km likete tse 'maloa. Ka nako ea teng ba bona e lumellana le merero e mebe nakong e fetileng. Tokisetso e nang le tsona subglobal tectonic sebopeho sa karolong e ka holimo ea. Ba lula sebakeng se limithara tse limilione tse 'maloa le boholo ba lisekoere. km le atolohela likete km. Nako ea ho hōla bona - a le lilemo li ho feta limilione tse likete tse 1.

Main tectonic sebopeho

Thehiloeng senya bonngoe displacement a lekanyelitsoeng monolithic thōko lithospheric lipoleiti. Ho fihlela joale, e kholo ka ho fetisisa e tsejoang ea 7 le ea 11-13 momoring nyenyane. Tsa pele kenyeletsa Eurasian, North le Amerika Boroa, Afrika, Indo-Australia, Pacific, Antarctic tectonic sebopeho. Bakeng sa mekhatlo nyenyane kenyeletsa Philippines, meluoane, Caribbean poleiti, kokonate, 'me tse ling tse joalo Nazca.

sebopeho peperana

Tsena sebopeho tectonic arohane lipoleiti lithospheric. Har'a bona, pele ho tsohle khetholla rifts. Di arotswe kontinenteng le bohareng ba bo-leoatleng. foromo tsa morao tjena le tsamaiso ea lefatše, bolelele ba tsona e fetang 64 tse sekete. Km. Mehlala ea libaka joalo ka sebeletsa East African (e khōlō ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka), Baikalsky. mofuta o mong oa mehaho e molato ke fetola libaka dissecting rifts perpendicular. Ka mela bona ea battlefield libakeng tse tshekaletseng tsa lipoleiti lithospheric, haufi le tsona.

sethaleng

Di lieha-fallela tenyetseheng crustal diboloko. libaka tsena ba 'nile ba ho lekaneng telele mohato ya ntshetsopele. Platforms tse fapaneng tse tharo-tiered sebopeho. sebopeho bona kristale se teng motheo eo Ho thehoa basalt le morema-gneiss le dikarolo. Sethaleng hape thōko sedimentary sekoahelo. dikarolo bonaletsang motheo thehoa mafika metamorphic, ka lemenong crumpled. Ena eohle e ke ho le thata ho senya ka botenya ba intrusion robehile (boholo asiti le nang le sebopeho karolelano). Ho itšetlehile ka a le lilemo li sebopeho sa motheong, sethala e arotsoe ba banyenyane le ba boholo-holo ba dibopeho tectonic. Ketso ea ho qetela e le motheo oa lik'honthinenteng e, ho nka centerpiece bona. thuto ka tlaase behoa periphery bona. Ka le dikarolo sedimentary sekoahelo sa eona e na le bogolosegolo nedislotsirovannye laguna, mose le maemong a sa tloaelehang kontinenteng pula.

Diphanele le lipoleiti

Tsena mefuta e sa dibopeho tectonic ba classified ho ea ka specifics ea sebopeho Geological. Shield bitsoa sethaleng karolo leo bedrock e holim'a metsi, i.e. ha ba na seretse. Ka utloa ho re kokololo ho diphanele tse hlahisoang, e le a busa, sehlabeng le maralla. Lipoleiti tse platforms kapa dikarolo tsa bona, likarolo ea matla lera sedimentary. sebopeho bona e bakoa ke subsidence le tlōlo metsing. The sebopeho sa naha ya likarolo tse ling poleiti kakaretso ngollana mabalane le upland.

anteclise

Ba emela kholo ka ho fetisisa-positive sebopeho sa likarolo poleiti. Holim 'a makalana khonvekse. Sekoahelo sedimentary ha tšoauoa ka bokgoni ba kgolo. Sebopeho anteclises etsoa ka lebaka la tectonic kotombola area. Tabeng ena, brennan tse ngata hona joale e libakeng tse haufi le mpe a ke ke a lemoha ka ho bona.

Tse fapaneng le dipeakanyo

Ba lebatowa dibopeho anteclises. Tse fapaneng ba emeloang ke likarolo e phahameng ho tsona. Ba motheo kapa holim'a metsi, kapa e koahetsoe ke lihlopha sedimentary tsa Quaternary. Dipeakanyo bitsa tsa tse fapaneng le. Ba ba emeloang ke molelele kapa ponotlhakoretharo highs kamoreng e ka tlaase, fihla bophara ea 100 Km. Chelete hape li patoa dipeakanyo. Holimo bona, sekoahelo sedimentary emela ka mokgwa wa haholo fokotswa ho itšeha.

syneclise

Ba mpe kholo ka ho fetisisa dibopeho bartolomeo-lebatowa ya dibopeho poleiti. holim 'a bona ke a concave motheo. Di tšoauoa ka e tlase a bataletse 'me dikhutloteng tebang haholo ba ina ka matsoapo. Syncline thehoa ke sebaka subsidence. Tabeng ena, sedimentary sekoahelo sa eona se phahameng matla a bona a fapaneng.

monocline

dibopeho tsena fapana tectonic lihlopha letsoapong lehlakoreng. angle bona tsa incidence ke ka seoelo ho feta 1 lengolo la. Ho itšetlehile ka boemo bo tlaase la ya dibopeho ntle 'me mpe, e leng e teng pakeng tsa ho meeli ea Monocline sehlopha hae ka' na boela ho be le fapaneng. lihlopha lebatowa ya grabens sedimentary koahela sekoahelo thahasello, e tletseng letsoho e, 'me e saddle. Recent lula e boemong bo lipakeng ka ba bolelele ba holim'a metsi. Saddle hantle ka holim'a dibopeho mpe e potolohileng, empa tlase ntle.

orogen

Di tšoauoa ka keketseho e bohale ka botenya ba karolong e ka holimo ea. libaka Mountain-a phuthilweng ba thehoa ka convergence ea libakeng lithospheric. Boholo ba bona, haholo-holo ba bacha, ba tšoauoa ka seismicity phahameng. E le molao-motheo ea bohlokoa ea tlhophiso ea libaka lithaba-a phuthilweng la lilemo ho sebeletsa lihlopha. E hlomamisa ka strata fela crumpled. mekoloko Mountain ba ile ba arohana, kahoo ka:

1. Baikal.
2. Hercynian.
3. Caledonian.
4. Alpine.
5. Cimmerian.

tlhophiso ena e nkoa e le ho ena hatellang, joalokaha bo-rasaense ba ho fetisisa lemoha tswelopela ba phutha ka.

Mene-ea le literata tse fapaneng

dibopeho tsena di thehoa ka lebaka la revitalization tsa mekhatlo tshekaletseng le paatsepama tectonic ka hare ho meeli ea litsamaiso tse neng a kopana 'me hangata se timetsoa. Tabeng ena, lesaka-ea le literata sebopeho e eketsehileng tloaelehileng tsa Paleozoic le pele ho moo mekhahlelo libaka. Tlisang liphallelo tse fapaneng, ka kakaretso tšoanang ho phetolo ya lihlopha bends rock. Leha ho le joalo, sena hase kamehla lemoha ka libakeng tse a phuthilweng-ea le literata. Ka mohlala, ka mekoloko mocha lithaba ngollana anticlinoria makala le synclinoria - intermountain troughs. Ka hare dikarolo tsa le a phuthilweng, hammoho le ka periphery bona ba fuwa, ka ho latellana, ka bohale le likoting e tsoetseng pele le liphula. Holim 'a lihlopha tsena ba lokisetsa fragmental lihlahisoa mahoashe hlahang ho tloha fracture lefika lihlopha - molasses. Foredeep sebopeho ke lebaka la subduction ea libakeng lithospheric.

Central Russia tšimong ea

E mong le e ka sehloohong tsa tlhaho tse rarahaneng o hlalosoa e le ea se nang molekane sebakeng se seholo geostructural sebakeng. E ka ba le sethaleng kapa mene tsamaiso ea ka lilemo tsa ho khetheha mafika. E mong le e mokhatlo e na le ho hlahisa maikutlo e tsamaisanang le ho utloa ho re kokololo ho. Kaofela ha bona ke maemo a fapaneng a klimate, osbenno sekoahelo sa eona naha. thahasello ea ke haholo-holo tectonic sebopeho Ural. Ka puso ea hona joale e meganticlinorium, eo e na le anticlinoria 'maloa o molelele o meridional le arohane synclinoria. Ho qetela papali longitudinal liphula, pele - maporogo. Senotlolo Uraltausky anticline matha ka thuto tsohle. Ho ea ka ho hlophisoa ha mobung Riphean e ka etsa qeto ea hore ho na le e ne e le subsidence matla nakong bokella bona. Ka nako e tšoanang o ne a pheta-pheta nkeloa sebaka nako e khutsoanyane kotombola. Ho ea qetellong ea le Riphean simolohile Baikal a phuthilweng. O ile a qala ho hōlisa, boiteko ka Cambrian ena. Nakong ena, hoo e ka bang tsohle tse tšimong ea fetoha naha e omileng. Sena se bontšoa ke kabo e fokolang haholo ea sediments, tse emeloang ke schists tala Lower Cambrian sebopeho, 'mabole le quartzite. Tectonic sebōpeho sa Ural ka le litekanyetso tlaase ka tsela eo ho tlatswa lona laoleng Baikalian phutha. Ka lebaka leo, ho thehoa libakeng tse ling tse ho feta ba tseo ho ile ha hlaha hamorao. Bona ho tsoela pele thuto motheo Timan-Pechora thōko hara East sethaleng European.

Siberia tectonic sebopeho: Aldanskoye Highlands

Thuto sebakeng sena li entsoe ka prehistoric Proterozoic gneisses le schists. Ba ho matleng a ea Precambrian ea sethaleng Siberia. Leha ho le joalo, e lokela ho ile a re ka ba bang ba likarolo e nang sebopeho tectonic. Aldan Plateau ntshetswa pele bakeng sa meso-Cenozoic histori pakeng tsa libakeng tse ka boroa tsa North Baikal le sethaleng. Likarolong tse ngata tsa bonaletsang kamoreng e ka tlaase mafikeng ke ka holim'a metsi. Ba ba emeloang ke granites o motle-grained, quartzite boholo-holo, ka memabolo e le gneisses. Ka letsoapong le ka leboea ho na le sebaka se moo motheo oa larileng ka ka botebo ba ka bang 1,5 km SE. mafika lona di intruded ke intrusions granitic ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea ho hōla Geological.

karolo European

Mona lithabeng tseo le thahasello e kholo Khibiny. sebopeho Tectonic e dissected denudation phahameng lithoteng. Ba lula sebakeng se sa Kola Hloahloeng le Karelia. Thehoa le lithabeng Khibiny tectonic sebopeho simolohile ka mokgwa wa intrusions le dislocations. Ba ikemiselitse ho naha. Alkaline drive sebakeng se emeloang ke se seng sa intrusions rarahaneng multiphase. Ho e teng ka moeli gneyskogo Archaean le Proterozoic lihlopha sebopeho Varzuga-Imandra le ka ho parola fracture libaka senotlolo eo feta mola leq. Cola - leq. Niva.