Globular le fibrillar protheine: litšobotsi tse mantlha

The a mane litlelase bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa metsoako manyolo e leng karolo ea 'mele: acid nucleic, mafura, lik'habohaedreite le liprotheine. Ka bobeli li tla tšohloa sehloohong sena.

protheine ke eng?

Sena polymer metsoako lik'hemik'hale hahiloeng ho tloha-amino acid. Liprotheine na le sebopeho rarahaneng.

E le protheine tsa maiketsetso?

O hlahellang teng lisele tsa phelang. Ho na le organelles khethehileng hore ba na le boikarabelo tshebetso ena. ribosome ena. Ba akarelletsa ho likarolo tse peli: e nyenyane 'me e kholo, ba ho kopantswe nakong organelle. Tshebetso ya ho synthesizing liketane le polypeptide ea-amino acid bitsoa phetolelo.

ke amino acid eng?

Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore mefuta e sa tsoaneng ea liprotheine' meleng tse se nang palo,-amino acid, e leng ba ho thehoa, ho na le mashome a mabeli feela. Jwalo tšoane ha liprotheine e finyelloa ka tlhakantsuke fapaneng le tatellanong ea-amino acid, hammoho le tse fapa-fapaneng tsa bodulo phaopelagial ka sebaka.

-amino acid na le ka lik'hemik'hale tsa bona tsa ba babeli ho hanyetsa thepa ea lihlopha tsa tshebetso: carboxyl le amino sehlopha, 'me e khōlō: nkhang hamonate, aliphatic kapa heterocyclic. Ho feta moo, tse eketsehileng dihlopha tshebetso e ka kenyelletsoa radicals. Tsena e ka ba lihlopha carboxylic acid e, lihlopha amino, amide, hydroxyl, guanidovye sehlopha. Hape, tse khōlō a ka ba le sebabole ka sebopeho bona.

Mona ke lethathamo la acid eo liprotheine ka hahoa:

• alanine;
• glycine;
• leucine;
• valine;
• isoleucine;
• threonine;
• serine;
• asiti glutamic ;
• aspartic acid e ;
• glutamine;
• asparagine;
• arginine;
• lysine;
• methionine;
• cysteine;
• tyrosine;
• phenylalanine;
• histidine;
• tryptophan;
• proline.

Ho bana, tse leshome tsa bohlokoa - tseo le ke keng la tsa maiketsetso ka 'mele oa motho. Sena valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine. Ba tlameha ho ingested lijo. Tse ngata tsa amino acid tsena e fumanoang ka litlhapi, nama ea khomo, nama, linate, legumes.

Mohaho o ka sehloohong oa protheine e - ho na le ke ha ho joalo?

Sena tatelano ea-amino acid ka ketane ena. Ho tseba sebopeho ka sehloohong oa protheine e, e ka etsa hantle lik'hemik'hale moralo.

sebopeho se mahareng

Ke tsela ea ho sotha tsa ketane polypeptide. Ho na le dikgetho tse peli bakeng sa phetolo ea protheine, alpha-Helix le beta-sebopeho. Sebopeho se mahareng tsa protheine ea fanoa ke litlamo hydrogen pakeng tsa lihlopha CO- le NH-.

Sebopeho phahameng tsa protheine ea

Sena tlwaetso tlhaloganya sebaka sa spiral kapa mokhoa oa rala ka tekanyo e itseng. E fana ka disulfide le peptide lik'hemik'hale litlamo.

Ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa mehaho e phahameng teng fibrous le globular liprotheine. Ea bobeli ba le sebopeho chitja. Sebopeho fibrillar liprotheine tšoana khoele eo Ho thehoa ke multilayer dibopeho stacking tsa beta kapa e tšoanang le tokisetso ea alpha dibopeho tse 'maloa.

Sebopeho quaternary

Ho bath bakeng sa liprotheine tse entsoe ka ha e mong, empa ka liketane maloa polypeptide. liprotheine joalo ba bitsoa oligomeric. liketane motho kenyelelitsoe sebopeho, e bitswang protomers bona. Protomers, eo e hahoa ho tloha e protheine oligomeric ka bobeli e tšoanang kapa fapaneng mathomo, se mahareng kapa sebopeho e phahameng.

denaturation ke eng?

itseng timetsong ena ea quaternary e, e phahameng, mahareng dibopeho protheine, oo ka oona ho ea lahleheloang lik'hemik'hale lona le thepa 'meleng le ka ha e sa phetha karolo ea sona' meleng. Tshebetso ena e ka etsahala ka lebaka la mocheso ho phahameng protheine (ho tloha ho likhato tse 38 Celsius, empa bakeng sa e mong le e protheine motho, palo ena) kapa dintho mabifi tse kang acid le alkalis.

Ba bang ba liprotheine ba ka khona ho annealing - the resumption ea sebopeho ka eona qalong.

tlhophiso liprotheine

Fuoa lik'hemik'hale, ba aroloa ka le bonolo le le e rarahaneng.

Simple liprotheine (liprotheine) - ba elang eo na feela amino acid.

liprotheine rarahaneng (proteid) - tseo tse entsoe ka sehlopha se prosthetic.

Ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa sehlopha prosthetic liprotheine ka aroloa:

• lipoprotein (e nang le lipids);
• nucleoproteins (a qapa na acid nucleic);
• chromoproteids (na ka mebala);
• fosfoproteidy (a entsoe ka acid e phosphoric);
• metalloproteins (e na le lirafshoa);
• glycoproteins (e entsoeng ka ja lik'habohaedreite).

Ho feta moo, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa globular sebopeho phahameng teng le fibrillary protheine. Bobeli e ka ba e bonolo kapa e rarahaneng.

Properties liprotheine fibrous le karolo ea bona 'meleng

Ba ka arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo ho itšetlehile ka sebopeho ea bobeli:

• Alpha-sebopeho. Tsena li akarelletsa keratin, myosin, tropomyosin le ba bang.
• Beta sebopeho. Mohlala, protheine.
• Collagen. protheine ena, e nang le khethehileng sebopeho se mahareng, e leng ha e alpha Helix leha e le beta-sebopeho.

Properties fibrillar liprotheine ka lihlopha tsohle tse tharo itšetlehile ka taba ea hore ba na le filamentary sebopeho e phahameng, 'me ha li qhibilihang ka har'a metsi.

A re ke re bua mabapi le ba ka sehloohong fibrillar liprotheine ho feta e le hore:

• Keratins. Sehlopha sena kaofela liprotheine tse fapa-fapaneng, e leng se ke karolo e ka sehloohong ea moriri, Nail, masiba, ulu, lenaka, hooves le tse ling. D. Ho feta moo, fibrillar protheine cytokeratin sehlopha sena ke e le karolo ea lisele eaba ba etsa le cytoskeleton.
• Myosin. ntho ena, e leng karolo ea likhoele le mesifa. Hammoho le actin, protheine fibrillar ke contractile le etsa bonnete ba ea ka tšebetso ea mesifa ea ea.
• Tropomyosin. boitsebiso bona e na le tse peli tse helices lohellana alpha,. E boetse ke karolo ea mesifa ena.
• Protheine. protheine ena e lokolloa ke likokoanyana tse ngata le arachnids. Ke karolo e ka sehloohong ea ho web le silika.
• Collagen. Sena ke atileng ka ho fetisisa fibrillar protheine ka 'mele oa motho. Ke karolo ea ho tendon, lefufuru, mesifa, methapo ea mali, letlalo, joalo-joalo. D. tse bonahalang ena e fana ka elasticity lisele. collagen 'meleng decreases le lilemo,' me ka hona ho wrinkles etsahala ka letlalo, ligaments fokola 'me tendons,' me sa t. d '.

Next nahana ka sehlopha sa bobeli sa liprotheine.

Globular liprotheine: mefuta e sa tsoaneng, thepa le mosebetsi likokoana-hloko

Dintho tsa sehlopha sena ba le sebopeho chitja. Ba e ka ba qhibilihang ka har'a metsing, ditharollo a alkali, acid le letsoai.

The atileng ka ho fetisisa liprotheine globular 'meleng ke tsena:

• Albumin: ovalbumin, lactalbumin, jj ..
• Globulin: liprotheine mali And ba bang (mohlala, haemoglobin, myoglobin.).

Ithute ho eketsehileng ka tse ling tsa tsona:

• Ovalbumin. protheine sena se akarelletsa ho karolo ea 60 lekholong lehe tšoeu.
• Lactalbumin. The motsoako o ka sehloohong oa lebese.
• Hemoglobin. Ena e rarahaneng globular protheine, e neng e akarelletsa e le heme prosthetic sehlopha se teng - ke sehlopha sa pigment le e nang le tšepe. Haemoglobin e fumanoang liseleng tse khubelu tsa mali. protheine ena, eo e ka khonang ho kopanya libuka le oksijene le ho tsamaisa eona.
• Myoglobin. Ke protheine tšoanang le hemoglobin. Ho etsa mosebetsi tšoanang - ho tswela pele ka oksijene. Joalo protheine e leng ka mesifa (cardiac le striated).

Hona joale hore u tseba ho se tšoane motheo pakeng tsa le bonolo le le rarahaneng, fibrillar le liprotheine globular.