Krebs potoloho - methati khōlō le ama tsamaiso ea likokoana-hloko

The bongata ba matla a k'habone lik'hemik'hale Ho lokolloa tlasa maemo aerobiki amang oksijene. The Krebs potoloho o boetse o bitsoa ka acid e citric potoloho, kapa li-cell respiration. Ka decoding le itšoare ka motho ya tshebetso e-ba teng ka ho-rasaense ba bangata: A. Szent-Gyorgyi, A. Lehninger, X. The Krebs potoloho ke lebitso la file, SE Severin le ba bang.

Pakeng tsa aerobiki thipitlo ea lik'habohaedreite ho na le haufi correlative kamano. Pele ho tsohle, e bontšoa ka ho ba teng ha acid e pyruvic, e leng e sa tsoa qeta ho tshilo ya dijo anaerobic la lik'habohaedreite le qala respiration lisele (Krebs potoloho). mekhahlelo e ka bobeli ba catalyzed ke potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale e tšoanang. Matla a lik'hemik'hale a lokolloa ke phosphorylation, ke boloketsoe ka macroergs ATP. The lik'hemik'hale amehang ke coenzymes tšoanang (nad, NADP) le cations. phapang ke tse latelang: ha anaerobic thipitlo ea lik'habohaedreite bogolosegolo localized ka hyaloplasm, le lisele respiration liphetoho etsahala haholo-holo ka mitochondria.

Tlas'a maemo a itseng ho na le antagonism pakeng tsa mekhahlelo e 'meli. Kahoo, ho ba teng ha oksijene sekhahla itsoara joang ka tsa glycolysis decreases sharply (Pasteur le phello). glycolysis lihlahisoa ka 'na thibela metsoako ea metabolism aerobiki la lik'habohaedreite (Crabtree e le hantle).

The Krebs potoloho ke letoto la lik'hemik'hale sephetho le ka lihlahisoa ho hlepha la lik'habohaedreite tse oxidized ho carbon dioxide le metsi, le matla a lik'hemik'hale bokeletseng ka metsoako eneji, le e ngata. Nakong respiration lisele hlahisoang "microcyteme" - acid e oxaloacetic (SCHOK). Ka mor'a moo condensation le "microcyteme" butswe acid e acetic masalla. Ho na le tricarboxylic acid e - citric. Nakong ea lik'hemik'hale, ho na le "ba retelehelang" masalla ka acid e potoloho acetic. Hobane e mong le e molek'hule ea acid e pyruvic Ho thehoa shorobedi limolek'hule acid e adenozintrifosfatnoy. Qetellong ea potoloho eo ho lokolloa "microcyteme", eo a leka ho le limolek'hule tse ncha acid e butswe masalla acetic.

Krebs potoloho karabelong

Ha qetellong sehlahisoa sa anaerobic tshilo ya dijo ea lik'habohaedreite e acid e lactic, tlas'a tšusumetso ea dehydrogenase lactate e oxidized ho pyruvic acid e. Karolo ea limolek'hule tsa acid e pyruvic ke tswakana tsa "microcyteme" SCHOK susumetsoa pyruvate carboxylase potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale ho ba teng ha Mg2 + ions. limolek'hule Karolo pyruvic acid e ke mohloli oa e "ea acetate a sebetsang a" - atsetilkoenzima A (acetyl-CoA). karabelong e etsoa tlas'a tšusumetso ea pyruvate dehydrogenase. Acetyl-CoA na eneji, le tlamo e, e bakoang ke ho pota 5-7% ea matla a. The bongata lik'hemik'hale eneji, le hlahisoang ke ho kena moea oa "ea acetate a sebetsang a".

Hemetsoe tsitratsintetazy qala sebetsa hantle Krebs potoloho, e leng isang sebopeho sa acid e citrate. asiti ena e susumetsoa akonitat hydratase dehydrogenated le fetoloa ho cis-aconitic asiti hore ka mor'a hore phaella moo ea molek'hule ea metsi e ntse e feta ka isocitric. Pakeng tsa acid tse tharo tricarboxylic matla equilibrium Ho thehoa.

asiti Isocitric e oxidized ho oxalosuccinic, e leng e decarboxylated le sokolohela acid e, alpha-ketoglutaric. karabelong e catalyzed ke isocitrate potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale. Alpha-ketoglutaric acid e tlas'a tšusumetso ea potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale 2-oxo- (alpha keto) -glutaratdegidrogenazy decarboxylated, ho fellang ka ho thehoa ha succinyl-CoA se se akaretsang eneji, le tlamo e.

Ka bohato bo latelang succinyl-CoA ke potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale succinyl-CoA synthetase fetisetsa eneji, le tlamo e GDF (guanozindifosfatnoy acid). GTP (guanozintrifosfatnaya acid) tlas'a tšusumetso ea adenylate potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale romela GTP-eneji, le tlamo e Amp (adenozinmonofosfatnoy acid). Krebs Cycle: moralo - GTP + Amp - gdP + ADP.

asiti Succinic tlas'a ketso ea potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale succinate dehydrogenase (LDH) e oxidized ho fumaric. SDG coenzyme e flavin adenine dinucleotide. Fumarate susumetsoa fumaratgidratazy potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale e fetoloa acid e malic, eo le eena e oxidized ho theha SCHOK. Ka ho ba teng ha tsamaiso ea itšoara acetyl-CoA SCHOK hape e ne e akarelletsa ho acid e potoloho tricarboxylic.

Kahoo, molek'hule e 'ngoe ea tsoekere Ho thehoa ho 38 limolek'hule tsa ATP (tse peli tse - ka lebaka la ho glycolysis anaerobic, tse tsheletseng - ka lebaka la ho kena moea oa limolek'hule tse peli tsa nad · H + H +, tse thehoa ka nako ya oksireduktsii glycolytic le 30 - ka lebaka la ho TCA). CTLs ka bokgoni ba ho 0.5. Ba bang kaofela ba matla a e matahoa a sa itlhompheng ka mocheso. The TCA e oxidized 16-33% lactate acid e, ba bang kaofela ba boima ba sona e ka resynthesis tsa glycogen.