Ts'enyeho manganga tšepe. Tšepe limaraka: GOST. Stainless Steel - theko

Selemo le selemo ka lebaka la ho ts'enyeho lahlehetsoe haholo tsa tšepe. Leha ho le joalo, tšenyo e khōlō le ho feta e etsoang ho ho hlōleha ha lihlahisoa tsa tšepe ka lebaka la tlhaselo ts'enyeho. Ditjeo hlokahalang bakeng sa likarolo Phetolo kapa thepa tokiso, koloi, leoatle le noka lijana, thepa sebelisoa indastering lik'hemik'hale e, ka makhetlo a mangata a phahame ho feta litšenyehelo tsa lintho tse bonahalang tse hore a ea ho hlahisoeng ha bona.

Ho na le boetse ho na le tahlehelo ea bohlokoa e sa tobang. Ho ba kenyeletsa, ho etsa mohlala, ho dutla tsa khase kapa oli tswa lipeipi corroded, lijo spoilage, timetso ea mehaho e haha le ho feta. Ka hona, le taolo tsa tšepe ts'enyeho e ka sehloohong.

Ke hobane'ng ha ho timetsoa ha thepa metallic?

Pele ho retelehela ho potso ea hore na ke tšepe ts'enyeho manganga, a re ke re sebetsana le taba ea ts'enyeho le motheo oa tshebetso.

Le fetoletsoeng e le ho tswa corroder Latin - senyang. A liehe ho itlelang feela disintegration ea tšepe le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa bona, e leng le hlaha ka tlas'a tšusumetso ea tikoloho lik'hemik'hale, e bitsoang ts'enyeho. The le lebaka la ho ho hloleha ena ke lik'hemik'hale itšoara joang (redox karabelong) boitsebiso metallic le mahareng gaseous kapa mokelikeli ho eona li le hona teng.

ke ts'enyeho manganga steels le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng ke efe?

Stainless le mocheso hanela tšepe kapa lits'epe tse kopantsoeng reretsoe bakeng sa ho sebelisoa libakeng senyang ka thempereichara e phahameng kapa tloaelehileng. Ka hona, le tlhokahalo ea ka sehloohong ke hore ka thepa tsa sehlopha sena - ho mocheso ho hanyetsa (ho hanyetsa ho mahareng gaseous kapa phahameng mouoane mocheso) kapa ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho (le bokhoni ba ho ka tsela e atlehang hanela mabaka a senyang ka mocheso ba tloaelehileng).

Ts'enyeho hanyetsa bath ya hardware, e leng e thehiloe holim'a passivation filimi tsoarellang tikolohong e senyang, e leng ho thibela ho kenella ka hare ea ka le dikarolo tse tebileng tsa tšepe le a ileng a itšoara ka tsona dintho mabifi.

Ka mantsoe a mang, ts'enyeho manganga tšepe - ka tšepe le ho hanyetsa intergranular lik'hemik'hale, motlakase ya le ts'enyeho tse ling.

lik'hemik'hale

Metal thepa ikemiselitse ke lik'hemik'hale lona sebopeho. Ha diteng tsa 12-13% chromium tšepe fetoha glassware, ke hore e tsitsitseng ka sepakapaka le lik'hemik'hale libakeng. Eketsa dikahare chromium ho 28-30% etsa hore ho setaleng libakeng senyang.

likarolo tse ling tsa sebelisoa bakeng sa doping kenyeletsa mankanese, aluminium, thaethaniamo, nikele. Ho fetisisa ho pharaletseng a sebelisa lits'epe tse kopantsoeng, sebopeho tseo karolelano nikele dikahare tsa 10% chromium - 18%, carbon - kapa pakeng tsa 0,08 le 0,12% thaethaniamo - 1% (12X18H10T - ts'enyeho manganga tšepe, GOST 5632).

Classification ke mofuta oa microstructure: austenitic celik

ena sehlopha sa ho hanyetsa ketso e senyang e ile ea eketseha ka alloying likarolo nikele (ho tloha 5 ho ea ho 15%) le chromium (15 ho ea ho 20%). Austenitic lits'epe tse kopantsoeng sa nahaneleng ho intercrystalline ts'enyeho, ha feela hore carbon dikahare ka ba tla ba tse nyenyane tse ho feta tekanyong ea solubility lona ka austenite (0.02-0.03% le ka tlaase ho moo). Nonmagnetic, hantle pepesehetse tjheseletsa, a batang le deformation chesang. Na processability babatsehang. Ho molemo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa tlhahisong ea tšepe likarolo fasteners, mehaho e welded le dikopo ka liindasteri tse sa tšoaneng.

limaraka martensitic

steels Stainless li kenyelelitsoe tlelase martensitic ka 'na ba a khoheli' me a na le e phahameng - ka e le bapisoa le austenitic - litsupa tsa thatafala lebetsoeng le. Thatafatsa e finyelloa ka tima mme tempering. Hantle loketseng bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa reretsoe bakeng sa ho sebelisoa libakeng tsa mahareng le ba fokolang matla (mohlala, palo ya dihlahiswa ea indasteri ea lijo kapa bakeng sa ho etsa thepa lehare le di-blades disebedisweng tse).

limaraka ferritic

Ho ts'enyeho phahameng ho hanyetsa thepa ya tsena limaraka tse tšoanang le tlase k'habone tšepe. Ka karolelano chromium dikahare ke 11-17%. Le sebelisitsoe ka tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa ka tlung, thepa ea motheo ea Lijo tse Khabisitsoeng Hantle meralo le, lisebelisoa kichineng.

Austenitic-ferritic sehlopha sa

Ts'enyeho manganga celik tsa sehlopha sena li khetholloa fokotswa nikele dikahare le chromium dikahare phahameng sekhahla (21 ho 28%). E le tlatsetso alloying likarolo protrude niobium, thaethaniamo, le koporo. Ka mor'a hore mocheso kalafo le karo-karolelano ea ferrite le austenite - hoo e ka bang ho e mong.

Ka matla a steels austenitic-ferritic, austenitic feta habeli. Kahoo ba na le ductile, hantle mamella mejaro makala na boemo ba ka tlaase oa khatello ea kelello-ts'enyeho ho petsoha le phahameng ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho intergranular. Recommended bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ea kaho, ho etsa thepa, bakeng sa ho etsa thepa lihlahisoa tse tlisoang ke ho kopana le metsi a leoatle a.

Austenitic, limaraka martensitic

The chromium dikahare tsa 12 ho ea ho 18% nikele, - ho tloha tiro 3.7 ho 7.5 a%. likarolo tse eketsehileng - chromium le aluminium. Satalatsa ke tima (sa t> 975 ° C) le morago ga moo e tempering (sa t = 450-500 ° C). Austenitic-martensitic celik welded hantle le na le thepa ea phahameng phetha molao feela.

Celik: theko (mabaka amang sebōpeho sa)

Sebopeho sa ts'enyeho manganga lirafshoa tse theko e phahameng alloying likarolo tse kang chromium nikele, thaethaniamo, molybdenum. bohlokoa ba 'ona ke ea makhaola-khang ho behela theko. Kaha Brands tse ling (k'habone, mehaho, bolo behang, sesebelisoa, jj .. D.) di na le dipegelo thepa ea motheo e thathamisitsoeng ka bongata e le nyenyane haholo, e bapisoa le bona chelete ts'enyeho manganga steels kamehla e phahameng. Leha ho le joalo, theko le ka fapana ho itšetlehile ka maemo a 'maraka le theko e hlokehang bakeng sa ho hlahisa celik.

thepa phetha molao

Cha glassware steels lokela ho ba le thepa phetha molao hore finyella melao e thehilweng ho etsa thepa. Tsena li akarelletsa:

• palo e kahodimodimo thatafala tsa Brinell (HB);
• elongation (%);
• fe matla (H / limilimithara ^2);
• Meokho eohle Khanyetso (H / limilimithara ^2).

Ka mor'a tlhahiso ea e mong le e methaka (qhibiliha) tsa lihlahisoa tsa thepa e hlahloba khahlanong le thepa ea ho phetha molao feela le microstructure tsa GOST tšepe sehlopheng. Diphetho tsa laboratori, hlahloba disampole boletsweng ka lengolo ka ho etsa thepa.

Notation tšepe limaraka

e assortment leholo la lits'epe tse kopantsoeng le steels di a fumaneha linaheng tse fapaneng. Ka nako e tšoanang na le e ntse e le ha ho na tsamaiso e khopo ea machaba ea ho tšoaea.

United States, ho sebetsa tsamaiso ea 'maloa notation. Boemo bona bo bakoa ke palo e khōlō ea mekhatlo e thehiloeng litekanyetsong (AJS, ANSI, ACJ, SAE, AWS, ASTM, ASME) baka mathata a mang bakeng sa ho sebedisanwang, ba fanang ka thepa le bareki ba lihlahisoa tšepe baetsi US ho tloha linaheng tse ling.

Japane tšepe tšoailoe ka mangolo le linomoro bontšang bona sehlopha (tlaase motsoako, phahameng-motsoako, lits'epe tse kopantsoeng morero oa khethehileng, srednelegirovannye, boleng bo phahameng, boleng bo phahameng 'me a al.), The tatelano nomoro ho eona le thepa tsa tšepe le.

Linaheng tsa European Union kgetho o laola tekanyetso EN 27 100, e leng se bontšang hore taelo eo ho eona lebitso la abeloa le serial palo.

The Federation Russia e ntshetswa pele tsamaiso alphanumeric Soviet Union, ho ea ka tseo ba steels khethiloe. Standard alakisi bolela ka ho toba e mong le elements alloying, karolo ea tšepe Russia motse-moholo oa lengolo.

Bakeng sa mankanese ke H, Si - C, chromium - X, Ni - H, molybdenum - M tungsten - B vanadium - F, thaethaniamo - T, aluminium - Yu, niobium - B, Co - K, zirconium - C, boron - R.

linomoro tse latelang lengolo le bontša diteng tsa alloying likarolo e le karolo e itseng. Ha tšepe sebopeho na le ka tlaase ho 1% ya elements alloying, palo e sa affixed, ka dikahare ea 1 ho 2% ka mor'a lengolo la fa 1. Said tšoaea ho qala didijiti palo hlokahala ho hlalosa ka karolelano k'habone dikahare ka lekholo la liphesente tse ka hare ho sehlopheng sebopeho.

The mefuta e fapaneng ya dihlahiswa etsoa ho tswa celik

Ts'enyeho manganga tšepe e sebediswa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse latelang:

• tšoaroa thermally megopolong le maqephe bentšitsoeng;
• netravlenyh thermally tšoaroa maqephe;
• le thermally untreated maqephe netravlenyh;
• heat-, cold- le chesang-phuthoa liphaephe seamless ;
• hlobolisa chesang-phuthoa tšepe akaretsang morero oa;
• calibrated hexagons;
• Didikadikwe ea celik;
• glassware terata (mocheso hampe le a batang-huleloa);
• castings le thepa e khethehileng;
• forgings;
• mefuta e meng e, e leng pele ho finyella litekanyetso boemo le tataiso botekgeniki (TU).

lekala la kopo

E le e mong oa molemo ka ho fetisisa matla disampole, aesthetics, ho hanyetsa matla a senyang a ts'enyeho le thempereichara e phahameng, e tshwanelega bakeng botjha ha thepa le durability ya tshebetso, kaha o ile a kopana le ditlhoko tsohle bohloeki babatsehang boleng holim kalafo, ts'enyeho manganga tšepe e sebelisoang haholo hoo e batlang e masimo a bohle ba ntlo ea le moruo mosebetsi.

Celik e batloang e phahameng ka peterolo e, lik'hemik'hale, makhasi ao le pampiri, indasteri ea lijo, indasteri kaho, indasteri matla, shipbuilding le ho tsamaisa le boenjiniere, seletsa-ho etsa le libakeng la ho sireletsa tikoloho.

Bokgoni le durability tsa lihlahisoa entseng ho tloha celik, e ikemiselitse ho etsa sehlopha sena sa le cha, ho utloisisa thepa physicochemical le sebōpeho sa microstructure ena. Ho sebelisa lirafshoa tse manganga ho litla kotsi ea ts'enyeho, ho latela ka tieo le thepa ea bona, re khona ho nka sebelisa monyetla oa ho le menyetla e tsohle ke keng ba latoloa ba theknoloji ea kajeno.