Lifofane aluminium: litšobotsi tse

Ka lebaka la ho boiketlo, ductility le ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho ea aluminium fetohile lintho tse bonahalang ba bohlokoa haholo ka liindasteri tse ngata. Lifofane aluminium - sehlopha sa lits'epe tse kopantsoeng a fapaneng ka ho kenyelletsoa ha lintlha tsa phahameng matla magnesium, ka silicon, koporo, 'me a mankanese a. Fa matla eketsehileng ho motsoako ho ka m. N. "Ho Tsofala e le hantle" - ka mokhoa o khethehileng oa satalatsa tlas'a tšusumetso bakeng sa nako e telele e mabifi sepakapakeng tikoloho. motsoako o ile oa qapa ka mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo tlas'a lebitso la duralumin, hona joale e tsejoang hape tlasa lebitso "Avial".

Tlhaloso. semelo sa tsa histori

Qalong ea histori ea motsoako lifofane aluminium e nkoa e le 1909. Jeremane metallurgical moenjiniere Alfred Wilm empirically thehilweng, haeba e motsoako aluminium ka phaella moo e nyenyane ea koporo, a mankanese a le magnesium mora satalatsa ka mocheso oa 500 ° C le tima ema ka 20-25 ° bakeng sa matsatsi a 4-5, ho butle-butle e ba matla le ho feta 'me matla le ho feta, ho se na lahleheloa ke ho fetoha le maemo. Tsamaiso e bitsoa "botsofali" kapa "maturing". Nakong ea thatafatsa sena koporo liathomo tlale plurality nyenyane ka ho fetisisa libaka ka meeli ea lijo-thollo. The bophara ea athomo ea koporo e nyenyane ho feta ea aluminium, hobane ho na le compression khatello ea kelello, ka tsela eo e ntseng e eketseha matla a boitsebiso boo.

Ka lekhetlo la pele motsoako e ile tseba ka lifektheri Jeremane Dürener Metallwerken 'me a fumana cha Dural, ka hona lebitso "duralumin". Ka mor'a moo, American metallurgist R. B. le Archer Dzhafris sebopeho ntlafala ka ho fetola le peresente ya haholo magnesium. The motsoako e ncha e bitsoang de 2024 e diphetolo tse fapa-fapaneng tse sebelisoang haholo kajeno, empa lelapa lohle le ea lits'epe tse kopantsoeng - "Avial". Lebitso le "lifofane aluminium", motsoako ona o ba amohetse ka bang hang-hang ka mor'a ho bula ka ho feletseng ho nkeloa sebaka ka lehong le tšepe ka kaho ea lifofane.

The mefuta e ka sehloohong le lintho tse khethollang

Ho na le lihlopha ka sehloohong tse tharo:

• Lelapa la aluminium-mankanese (Al-MN), le aluminium-magnesium (Al-MG). The bath ka sehloohong - phahameng, hang tlaasana ho bo hloekileng ho hanyetsa aluminium ts'enyeho. lits'epe tse kopantsoeng joalo arabela hantle ho tjheseletsa le kulo, empa sehiloeng bobe. Se tiile lipelo ke kalafo mocheso.
• Ts'enyeho manganga aluminium-tsamaiso e khopo lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa magnesium-silicon e (Al-MG-Si). Satalatsa mocheso kalafo, e leng tima ka 520 ° C lateloa ke tima ka metsi le botsofali tlhaho ka 10 matsatsi a. The khetholla bath tsa sehlopha sena ea thepa - phahameng ts'enyeho hanyetsa ha sebelisoa maemong a tloaelehileng, le ka tlas'a khatello ea kelello.
• Mehaho lits'epe tse kopantsoeng, aluminium-koporo-magnesium (Al-cu-MG). motheong oa bona - doped koporo, a mankanese a, magnesium le aluminium. Ke sa tšoaneng le boholo ba alloying likarolo lokisetsa lifofane aluminium, litšobotsi tsa tsona e ka fapana.

Thepa ya sehlopha bobeli rua thepa e ntle phetha molao, empa ke habonolo haholo ho ts'enyeho feta lelapa pele le la bobeli la lits'epe tse kopantsoeng. Tekanyo ea ho susceptibility ho ts'enyeho e itšetlehile ka mofuta oa kalafo holim, e sa ntse e le ho hlokahala hore ho sireletsa penta kapa anodized. The hanyetsa ts'enyeho e ile ea eketseha ka kenyelletsa karolo ea motsoako mankanese.

, Ho phaella ho le mefuta e meraro e ka sehloohong ea lits'epe tse kopantsoeng boetse ho na le hlaheletseng betloa lits'epe tse kopantsoeng, mocheso manganga, se phahameng-matla a mehaho et al a. Na hlokahalang bakeng sa thepa e itseng kopo.

Tšoaea ba lits'epe tse kopantsoeng lifofane

Machaba litekanyetso tsa hae pele sefofane aluminium tšoaea didijiti bontsha kgolo alloying metsoako ea motsoako ya:

• 1000 - e hloekileng aluminium.
• 2000 - duralumin motsoako, alloyed ka koporo. Ha e itseng nako - le e tloaelehileng haholo Aerospace motsoako. Ka lebaka la ho nahanela phahameng ho khatello ea kelello ts'enyeho petsoha e eketsehileng nkeloa sebaka ke 7000 letoto la lihlooho tse lits'epe tse kopantsoeng.
• 3000 - alloying elements - mankanese.
• 4000 - alloying elements - ka silicon. Lits'epe tse kopantsoeng a tsejoang hape e le Silumin.
• Le 5000 - alloying elements - magnesium.
• 6000 - the lits'epe tse kopantsoeng fetisisa polasetiki. Alloying likarolo - magnesium le ka silicon. Termozakalke ka tlas'a ho eketsa matla a, empa tlaasana ka paramethara ena 2000 le 7000 letoto lena.
• 7000 - thermally tiile lipelo lits'epe tse kopantsoeng, ka ho fetisisa tsoarellang sefofane-sehlopheng aluminium. Ka sehloohong alloying likarolo - zinki le magnesium.

Tšoaea palo ea bobeli - aluminium motsoako diphetolo ka mor'a hore ka lekhetlo la pele tatelano palo - palo ea "0". Ho qetela lipalo tse peli - sa nomoro motsoako, tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le ho hloka sekoli lona tsa litšila. Ha motsoako mochine o phaella ka ho re ho ea botho ba tšoaea bohlano "X".

Kajeno, atileng ka ho fetisisa sehlopheng lifofane aluminium: sa 1100, 2014, ka 2017, 3003, 2024 |, 2219, sa 2025, 5052, 5056. Karolo e khethollang ea lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsena ke: lightness, ductility, toughness molemo, ho hanyetsa abrasion, ts'enyeho le khatello e phahameng. Ho indasteri e sefofane sa lits'epe tse kopantsoeng ho fetisisa ho pharaletseng a sebelisa - moea 6061 le 7075.

sebopeho

Ka sehloohong alloying likarolo lifofane aluminium ke koporo, magnesium, ka silicon, a mankanese a, 'me zinki. The Peresente ke boima ba 'mele ea likarolo tsena ka motsoako le bona hore litšobotsi tse kang matla, tenyetseha, ho hanyetsa tshusumetso phetha molao, joalo-joalo The motsoako botlaaseng - aluminium, likarolo tsa motheo alloying :. Koporo (2,2-5,2% ke boima ba' mele), magnesium (0, 2-2.7%) le mankanese (0.2-1%).

A lelapa la lifofane lits'epe tse kopantsoeng aluminium-silicon e (4-13 boima%) le dikahare tse nyenyane tsa likarolo tse ling alloying - koporo, a mankanese a, magnesium, zinki thaethaniamo, beryllium. E sebediswa bakeng sa tlhahisong ea likarolo tse rarahaneng, tsejoang hape e le silumin kapa a nyahlatsa motsoako aluminium. Lelapa la motsoako aluminium-magnesium (1-13% ke boima ba 'mele) le likarolo tse ling tse sa na le ductility phahameng le ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho.

Karolo e phethoang ke koporo ka ho hlophisoa ha lifofane aluminium

Ho ba teng ha koporo ka ho hlophisoa ha motsoako lifofane thusa hore ho matlafatsang tsa lona, empa ka nako e tšoanang ke bobe bakeng sa ho hanyetsa lona ts'enyeho. Akhela ka meeli ea lijo-thollo nakong tima, koporo etsa hore motsoako bonolo hore pitting ts'enyeho, khatello ea kelello ts'enyeho le intergranular ts'enyeho. Libaka ruileng koporo e galvanically feta cathodic feta potolohileng aluminium popeho 'me ka hona ho feta bonolo hore ts'enyeho etsahalang ke mochine motlakase ya. Eketsa dikahare koporo ka boima ba 'mele motsoako ho 12% ho eketsa matla a thepa e loketseng ho particulate thatafatsa nakong botsofali. Ha diteng tsa koporo ka bophara tse fetang 12% motsoako e ba brittle.

Masimong a kopo

Aluminium lits'epe tse kopantsoeng ke ka ho fetisisa ratoa ho rekisa tšepe. Khanya boima lifofane sehlopheng aluminium motsoako matla ho etsa sena e le khetho e nepahetseng bakeng sa liindasteri tse ngata ho tloha lifofane ho dintho ba ntlo (liselefouno, earphones, flashlights). Aluminium lits'epe tse kopantsoeng li sebelisoa shipbuilding, difeme koloi, kaho, w Le / lipalangoang le d ho indasteri e ea nyutlelie.

Haholo ba bolela lits'epe tse kopantsoeng le dikahare itekanetseng koporo (2014, 2024 | joalo-joalo). Profiles tsa lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsena na phahameng ts'enyeho hanyetsa, workability hantle, letheba weldability. Ba bona ba entse moralo nang le boikarabelo ba lifofane, literaka tse boima, likoloi sesole.

Properties lifofane aluminium komponeng

Ho tjheseletsa lifofane lits'epe tse kopantsoeng e etsoa feela ka e sireletsang khase inert. likhase ratang ke tse kang helium, argon kapa motsoako ya yona. Ho na le e phahameng mogote conductivity ea kang helium. Sena se rerang molemo ka ho eketsehileng mocheso boitšoaro ba tikoloho tjheseletsa e lumellang u ho ba phutholohile ka ho lekaneng ho hokahanya teteaneng-marako mehaho likarolo. Tšebeliso ea metsoako ea likhase sireletsoe kgothaletsa e bonahatsa. Kgonego ya sebopeho sa pores ka ao cheseletse le e fokotsehile haholo.

Ho sebelisoa ho indasteri e lifofane

lits'epe tse kopantsoeng lifofane aluminium qalong bōpileng ka ho toba bakeng sa kaho ea lifofane. Ho bana, ka matlo e entsoe ka likarolo tse lifofane enjene, cheisi, litanka mafura, 'me lisebelisoa tse ling fastening. Dintlha tsa aluminium lifofane li sebelisoa hare-hare lekareche mopalami.

2xxx letoto la lihlooho tse aluminium lits'epe tse kopantsoeng a sebediswa bakeng sa ho hlahisa likarolo pepesehetse thempereichara e phahameng. Dintlha habobebe laela nodes, mafura, 'me tsamaiso ea haeteroliki oli li entsoe ka motsoako 3xxx, 5xxx le 6xxx. Ka ho fetisisa ho pharaletseng a sebelisa ho indasteri e lifofane e ne e le motsoako 7075. Ho tloha ka ho thepa ea motheo e entsoe hore o sebetse ka mojaro o moholo, le batang, ho hanyetsa phahameng ho ts'enyeho. Motheong oa motsoako o aluminium, 'me a ka sehloohong a alloying likarolo magnesium, zinki le koporo. From e entsoeng Profiles matla a dibopeho lifofane, likarolo khetla.