Oxide e chloride

Oxides kapa oxides likarolo tse fapa-fapaneng e bitswang komponeng le oksijene. Hoo e ka bang likarolo tsohle theha metsoako e joalo. Chloro, hammoho le halogens a mang, tšoauoa ka metsoako joalo boemo positive, ho kena moea. oxides All chloride ha boa tsitsa ka ho fetisisa dintho tse, e leng tšobotsi bakeng oxides la halogens. A mane tsebahalang ntho eo limolek'hule na le chloride le oksijene.

1. Gaseous komponeng tloha mosehla ho bo bofubelu mmala le e monko bath (monko o re hopotsang Cl2 khase) - oxide e chloride (I). Lik'hemik'hale moralo Cl2O. The qhibiliha ntlha ya ho tloswa 116 ° C, a phehile mocheso + 2 ° C. Tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng, segokanyipalo lona o lekana le lik'hilograma 3,22 / m³.
2. Yellow kapa lamunu bosehla khase le monko o bath - chloride oxide e (IV). Lik'hemik'hale moralo ClO2. ntlha e qhibilihang ho tloswa 59 ° C, e belang ntlha mmoho 11 ° C.
3. Bofubelu-sootho mokelikeli - oxide e chloride (VI). Lik'hemik'hale moralo Cl2O6. Qhibiliha ntlha mmoho 3,5 ° C, e belang ntlha mmoho 203 ° C.
4. Colorless mafura mokelikeli - oxide e chloride (VII). Lik'hemik'hale moralo Cl2O7. Qhibiliha ntlha tloswa 91,5 ° C, e belang ntlha mmoho 80 ° C.

Oxide e chloride boemo ho kena moea +1 anhydride fokola monobasic hypochlorous acid e (HClO). Lokisitsoeng ke mokhoa oa ho lona Peluso mercuric oxide e ke itšoara joang le khase chloride latela e 'ngoe ea ditekanyo itšoara joang: 2Cl2 + 2HgO → Cl2O + Hg2OCl2 kapa 2Cl2 + HgO → Cl2O + HgCl2. phalla maemo a itšoare tsena fapaneng. Chloride oxide e (I) e le le khutsufalitsoeng ka mocheso oa ho tloswa 60 ° C hobane ka thempereichara e phahame ho bola explosively, 'me ka foromo khobokellane ke seqhomane. Cl2O ea metsi tharollo fumanoa ka chlorination ka metsi kapa a alkali carbonates, tšepe alkaline lefatše. Oxide e qhalana hantle ka metsi, ao ho 'ona acid e ea hypochlorous Ho thehoa: Cl2O + H2O ↔ 2HClO. Ho feta moo, e boetse e qhalwa ho ya ka tetrachloride k'habone.

Oxide e chloride ho kena moea boemo +4 ho seng joalo e tsejoang dioxide. boitsebiso boo o ne a qhalwa ho ya ka metsi a, sulfuric le acid acetic, acetonitrile, tetrachloride k'habone, le tse ling tse solvents manyolo le eketseha polarity e leng eketsa solubility lona. Ka laboratoring e lokisitsoeng ke itšoara chlorate potassium le asiti oxalic: 2KClO3 + H2C2O4 → K2CO3 + 2ClO2 + CO2 + H2O. Ho tloha ka chloride oxide e (IV) ke ntho e phatloha, ho ke ke ho bolokoa ka tharollo. Bakeng sa morero ona, silica e sebediswa, eo holim 'a adsorbed foromo ClO2 ka ho bolokoa bakeng sa nako e telele, ha a ntse a sa khone ho tlosa silafatse chloride litšila tsa lona, kaha e sa ananelang gel silica. Ka maemo a indasteri ClO2 lokisitsoeng ke phokotso le dioxide e sebabole ka ho ba teng ha acid e sulfuric, sodium chlorate: 2NaClO3 + SO2 + H2SO4 → 2NaHSO4 + 2ClO2. E sebelisoa e le tera h, mohlala, pampiri kapa selulose, joalo-joalo, hammoho le ho sterilizing le disinfecting thepa e sa tšoaneng.

Oxide e chloride ho kena moea boemo +6, ho bola ho ea ka abel itsoara joang ka holim 'a qhibilihang: Cl2O6 → 2ClO3. Le hlahlelletse oxide e chloride (VI) oxidizing la ozone dioxide e: 2O3 + 2ClO2 → 2O2 + Cl2O6. oxide e ena ke khona ho itšoara ka ditharollo alkaline le metsi. Tabeng ena e disproportionation itsoara joang ka etsahala. Ka mohlala, ke itšoara joang le hydroxide potassium: 2KOH + Cl2O6 → KClO3 + KClO4 + H2O, phello e fumanweng chlorate le perchlorate potassium.

Phahame oxide e chloride boetse o bitsoa dihlorogeptaoksid chloride kapa anhydride ke oxidant matla. Ho ea nang le bokhoni ea Pin kapa phatloha ha halefile. Leha ho le joalo, ntho ena ke tsitsitseng haholoanyane ho feta oxides le ka boemo ho kena moea +1 le +4. Disintegration ho chloride le oksijene e potlakisa ke boteng ba oxides tlaase le fofomoga mocheso ho tloha 60 ho ea ho 70 ° C. Chloride oxide e (VII) ba nang le bokhoni ba butle qhibilihang ka har'a ka metsi a batang, ba itšoara joang sephetho le hlahisa chloric asiti: H2O + → Cl2O7 2HClO4. Dihlorogeptaoksid lokisitsoeng ke bonolo futhumatsang acid e perchloric le anhydride phosphoric: P4O10 + 2HClO4 → Cl2O7 + H2P4O11. Cl2O7 hape ka fumanoa ho sebedisa oleum sebakeng sa phosphorus pentoxide.

Karolo inorganic k'hemistri, eo o ithuta oxides halogen, ho akarelletsa le oxides, chloride, o ile a qala ho ntshetsa pele ka potlako lilemong tsa morao tjena, kaha metsoako tsena ke eneji, le matla. Ba kgona ho combustors jete phetiso ya eneji, mbalakaka le ka lik'hemik'hale mehloli jwale lebelo la monahano o lona a ka laoloa. lebaka le leng la thahasello ea - e le monyetla oa ho synthesizing lihlopha tse ncha tsa metsoako inorganic, mohlala, chloride oxide e (VII) ke moholo-holo oa perchlorates.