Electrolytic dissociation - joang ho e utloisisa?

Na u kile ua ipotsa hore na ke hobane'ng tharollo tsamaisa motlakase, ha ba bang ba - ha ho joalo? Ka mohlala, re tsohle tseba hore ho molemo a se ke a nka hlapa ka nako e tšoanang ho beha moriri Dryer. Ka mor'a hore metsi a - ka mokhanni molemo tsa morao-rao ea motlakase, 'me haeba Dryer oela ka metsing, e mong oa potoloho lekgutshwanyane ke ke ho qojoa. Ha e le hantle, metsi - ha ho joalo ntle jwale mokhanni. Ho na le ditharollo hore tsamaisa motlakase ho ka ba molemo. dintho joalo li bitsoa electrolyte. Tsena li akarelletsa acid, makalana le letsoai metsi-qhibilihang ka har'a.

Electrolyte - bao ba?

Potso ena e hlaha: na ke hobane'ng ha tharollo ea ba bang dintho feta motlakase, 'me e mong - ho na? Ntlha eohle ea likaroloana qosoa - cations le anions. Ha qhalwa ho ya ka metsi a, electrolyte dissociate ka ions, eo tlas'a ketso tsa motlakase susumeletsa jwale ka tataiso esale pele. Ka sebele qosoa cations susumelletsa nģ'a palo mpe - the cathode, 'me hampe qosoa anions fallela seemelong positive, - anode. Tshebetso ya ho moemeli disintegration ka ions ha qhibilihile kapa qhibiliha ka metsi o na le lebitso le motlotlo - electrolytic dissociation.

lentsoe lena le qapiloe Seswedishe rasaense S.Arrenius ha ho ithuta thepa ea maro a phallang motlakase. Bakeng sa morero ona ho koala e mong oa potoloho ea motlakase ka ntho le ka ho lumella mabone lebone, tharollo moo kapa che. Ha e litleloubu tleloubu mabone - kahoo tharollo khanna motlakase, ho tloha eo e ka etsa qeto ea hore ntho e ke electrolyte. Ha khanya e foqohe - tharollo ha tsamaisa motlakase hona ntho ena - neelektrolit. Ke neeletrolitam kenyeletsa ditharollo tsoekere, joala, tsoekere. Empa rastory letsoai, acid e sulfuric le hydroxide sodium le e khōlō hona joale motlakase hoo, phallang ho eona electrolytic dissociation.

Joang dissociation?

Ka mor'a moo, khopolo ea ho dissociation electrolytic ho ntshetsa pele le ho tlatsetsa Serussia bo-rasaense ba IA Heels le VA Kistyakovskij sebelisa ho lona tokafatso lik'hemik'hale ditharollo khopolo Di Mendeleev.

bafuputsi ba tsena e fumane hore electrolytic dissociation tsa acid, alkalis le letsoai la electrolyte sa le hlaha ka lebaka la hydration, e le hore ke sebelisana lona le limolek'hule tsa metsi. Ions, cations le anions generated ka mokhoa ona tla hydrated, hore le amahanngoa le limolek'hule tsa metsi hore a lika-liketse bona le letšo-letšo lesale. thepa tsa bona tse fapane haholo ho tloha ions bao e seng hydrated.

Kahoo, ka le tharollo ea strontium nitrate sr (NO3) 2, hammoho le cesium hydroxide ditharollo CsOH, electrolytic dissociation se hlahile. Mehlala ea sena e ka bontšoa ka se latelang abel itšoara joang :

Katha (NO3) 2 = Sr2 + + 2NO3 -,

ke hore, holim 'a dissociation tsa molek'hule e' ngoe ea strontium nitrate thehoa mong strontium ealogy, 'me 2-nitrate anion;

CsOH = nt + + OH-,

ke hore, holim 'a dissociation tsa molek'hule e' ngoe ea cesium hydroxide theha cesium ealogy le anion hydroxide.

E dissociation electrolytic ea acid e le hlaha ka tsela e tšoanang. ka ho bontšoa ke abel latelang bakeng sa acid e thulaganyou e hydriodic:

HJ = H + + CJ-,

ke hore, holim 'a dissociation hydriodic acid e molek'hule mamelwang thehoa ealogy mong hydrogen le anion e mong oa a iodine litareng e.

dissociation mochine.

E dissociation electrolytic tsa electrolyte dintho o tsoela pele ka mehato e 'maloa. Bakeng sa dintho ka litlamo tsa ionic kang NaCl, NaOH, tshebetso ena kenyelletsa ditokiseletso dithulaganyo tse tharo sequential:

• pele limolek'hule metsi le lipalo tse peli tse fapaneng le (positive, le mpe) le molao le moment sekametseng ka kristale Ion. Palo e nepahetseng, di khomaretse ho Ion kristale mpe, 'me sekgoeng, ntho e mpe seemelong - ho ions ntle kristale ka;

• ebe le hlaha hydration ions dipole moment kristale metsi,

• le feela ka mor'a sena e le ions hydrated ho diverge ka litaelo fapaneng 'me ba qale ho tsamaea ka tharollo kapa qhibiliha ka lootho hafeela ba ke ke ba sebetsa lefapheng la motlakase.

  Bakeng sa dintho le covalent tlamo e Polar kang HCl le acid tse ling, tshebetso dissociation e tšoanang, ntle le hore mohato ka lekhetlo la pele ke covalent tlamo e ho Ion phetoho ke ketso ea dipole moment metsi. Tsena lintlha-khōlō dintho dissociation khopolo.