Perchloric acid e - Properties, Production le kopo. mehato

Perchloric acid e (HClO4 moralo) - ke monobasic acid e anhydrous. E na le chloride le (CL) profinseng ho kena moea e phahameng, ka lebaka lena, ke oxidizer matla ka ho fetisisa. O phatlohang.

Properties acid e perchloric

1. Lena ke mokelikeli hloka botsitso ntle mmala, haholo ea mosi moeeng, ho monomer ka bobedi. Sa tsitsang le reactionary haholo. Ena bath avtodegidratatsiya acid e:

3HClO4 = H3O + (ealogy) + ClO- (anion) + Cl2O7 (chloride monoxide)

2. ntho ena hang-hang qhibilihang ka har'a ka solvents ditlelorine le organofluorine kang CH2Cl2 (methylene chloride), CHCl3 (chloroform), le ba bang. E tsoakane le solvents tse ling le lipontsuoa fokotsa thepa, tsotelleng tshwara ka etsa hore e phatloha kapa mollo.

3. Ke hantle e tsoakiloeng ka metsi (H2O) ka boholo efe kapa efe. Bopa hydrates 'maloa. ditharollo khobokellane ea acid e ena na le hanyenyane mafura tumellano. Ena ea metsi acid e tharollo e na botsitso e ntle le tlaase bokhoni ba oxidizing. Le metsi re nahana ka ntho e bopa e azeotrope eo ka mocheso oa likhato tse 203 taba le na le ba etsang liphesente tse 72 tsa HClO4.

4. Perchloric acid e (HClO4 moralo) ke e 'ngoe ea ho acid matla ka ho fetisisa. Ka lebaka la sena, tikolohong lona asiti ea ba bang metsoako itšoare joaloka makalana.

5. The fokotswa khatello e le bonolo futhumatsang motsoako oa asiti perchloric le phosphoric anhydride thehoa colorless mafura mokelikeli - chloride dioxide e:

2HClO4 (acid e perchloric) + P4O10 (phosphoric anhydride) = Cl2O7 (chloride dioxide e) + H2P4O11

Mekhoa bakeng sa ba lokisetsa ho ea

1. ditharollo ea metsi ea moemeli lena le ka ka lokisoa ka litsela tse peli. Pele ke ho kena moea motlakase ya ya chloride kapa acid e hydrochloric ka acid e hydrochloric khobokellane, 'me ea bobeli - ka li bole kapele' tse peli tsa sodium perchlorate kapa potassium inorganic acid matla.

2. anhydrous acid e perchloric ka fumanoa ka litsela tse peli, le eena o. Pele e na le ka itšoara perchlorate potassium (K) kapa sodium (Na) le asiti sulfuric foromo khobokellane, 'me ea bobeli - ka sebelisana le oleum ka tharollo ea metsi ea acid e perchloric:

KClO4 (ea metsi tharollo ea acid e perchloric) + H2SO4 (acid e sulfuric) = KHSO4 (potassium hydrogensulfate) + HClO4 (acid e perchloric)

Kopo ea acid e perchloric

- ditharollo khobokellane sebediswang ka mehla ho fumana perchlorates (letsoai ea acid e), 'me ka k'hemistri katisediwa;

- acid e perchloric le sebelisitsoe ka li bole kapele 'ea tšepe e le sethothetsi le ka ho hlahloba liminerale;

- potassium perchlorate (Mokgwa wa ho Nahana: KClO4), le letsoai ea acid e ena, e sebediswa ho etsa liqhomane, le magnesium perchlorate (anhydrone, MG (ClO4) 2) e sebediswa e le desiccant ena.

Safety mosebetsing

Perchloric acid e, anhydrous ke ke nako e telele bolokwa le isoa, joaloka maemo tekanyetso ke ka potlako tlotlolotsoe ebile a ka o ile boithatelo phatlohe.

Tse ling chloride-e nang le asiti inorganic:

1. Hydrochloric acid e (Mokgwa wa ho Nahana: HCl) - monobasic matla acid e, e senyang, fuming moea mokelikeli. Dirisega electroforming (pickling, mananose) le ka hydrometallurgy, bakeng sa ho hloekisa tšepe nakong tinning le kulo, ho hlahisa chloride mankanese, zinki, tšepe le lirafshoa tse ling. ntho ho indasteri e ea lijo e ngolisitsoeng ka lijo tseloe E507.

2. Hypochlorous acid e (Mokgwa wa ho Nahana: HClO) - fokola haholo monobasic acid e. E ka feela teng ka tharollo. Sebelisetsoa merero bohloeki hammoho le bakeng sa soeufala dilohwa le makhasi ao.

3. chlorous acid e (HClO2) - seaplane matla monobasic acid e. Ke sa tsitsang foromo lona ntle ho tefo, hangata tlotlolotsoe ka potlako ka hlapolla tharollo ea metsi. The anhydride ea acid e ena ntse e sa tsejoeng.

4. chloric acid e (HClO3) - monobasic matla acid e. Ha a fumana ka mahala foromo, ka khefu ka ditharollo khobokellane. Ka ditharollo ea metsi, ho na ho ea mahloriso e tlaase ho feta karolo ea 30 lekholong. tsitsitseng haholo ho mocheso ho tlaase.