Macrolides. Classification (seka-maiketsetso, tlhaho le azalides)

Macrocyclic lactone lesale - ke motheong oa mohaho lik'hemik'hale tsa sehlopha ho ea lithibela-mafu macrolides. tlhophiso e ama karohano ka 14, 15 le 16-membered. lithibela-mafu tsena li nkoa e le bonyane nang le chefo e.

Macrolides. Classification ke mofuta se hlahang ho yona

Natural macrolides:

Macrolide "Erythromycin" - ena ke ea pele bacteriostatic lithibela-mafu, e tšoaea ho qaleha ha sehlopha se seholo. E ile a fumana ka 1952 ho tloha Streptomyces erythreus - actinomycetes mobu. Hobane macrolide "Erythromycin" o na le thepa ea reversibly tlamang ho ribosomal 50S-yuniti e nyane, ho tlōla sebopeho sa litlamo peptide pakeng limolek'hule amino acid e ea tlhaho 'me o etsa thibela protheine tswakana ea microorganisms tse sa tšoaneng. Ka tsela eo lithibela-mafu "Erythromycin" ha susumetsa tswakana (komponeng) acid nucleic. Ka tekanyetso e phahameng, ho ya ka mefuta e itseng ea libaktheria e ka ba le phello e bactericidal.

Macrolide "Spiramycin" - ke lithibela-mafu hore le tsoa Streptomyces ambofaciens actinomycetes, o - ya pele ya sehlopha sa macrolides 16-membered. Lactone lesale - ke motheong oa mehaho ea ho lokisetsa "Spiramycin". Ho na le 16 k'habone liathomo (C) ho tse khomaretse tharo k'habohaedreite masalla: mycarose, mycaminose le forosamine. Litokisetso le ka sebopeho lona spiramycin ntho a sebetsang a ajoa Canada, Latin America le Europe.

Macrolide "Josamycin" - ya lithibela-mafu, sehlopha moemeli oa macrolides 16-membered. Hlahisoang ke Streptomyces narbonensis. Ho e na le phello ea tlhaku bactericidal. Ho thibela protheine tswakana tsa metsoako e, ho thibela ho notlela RNA (lipalangoang) le amana le 50S-ribosomal yuniti e nyane lera, ka tsela eo thibela ea phapanyetsano ya peptides tloha bohareng A. lumelloa ka ho phekola mafu a ka ho ima.

macrolides seka-maiketsetso:

Macrolide "Roxithromycin" - ena ke ea pele seka-maiketsetso 14 membered atibiotik. Ho ile tswang ho macrolide "Erythromycin". Features ya sebopeho fana e le ho hanyetsa phahame ho acid, microbiological le ntlafala entsprechen pharmacokinetic.

Macrolide "Clarithromycin" - ya 14 membered lithibela-mafu, macrolide sehlahisoa "Erythromycin". Ho e ntlafetse ho hanyetsa acid le ba ntlafala pharmacokinetic le thepa antibacterial.

macrolides Natural-lithibela-mafu ke haholo a sebetsang a khahlanong le a mob mobile ea HIV, ba bang ba microorganisms mob mobile-mpe le intracellular. A macrolides morao-rao tse kang seka-maiketsetso, a sebetsang a feta khahlanong Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, anaerobic microflora le bacillus ntaramane.

'Me qetellong, le azalides - the macrolides molokong o mong ka morao-rao:

Lithibela-mafu "Azithromycin" e bua ka azalides sehlotshwana tse fapaneng hanyenyane ka sebopeho ho tswa macrolides tloaelehileng. Lesale la macrolide "Azithromycin" ha ho na lactone, empa 15-membered. Kislotoustoychivot ho eketsa ka makhetlo a 300 ho bapisoa le lithibela-mafu, "ke Erythromycin".

Macrolides. Classification ea meloko e:

1st - lithethefatsi "oleandomycin" "Erythromycin";
2nd - macrolides "Roxithromycin", "Spiramycin", "Josamycin", "midecamycin", "Clarithromycin";
3rd - macrolide "Azithromycin".

Ho bonahala macrolide sehlopha ea lithibela-mafu. Classification ea Mafu

Ba ama tsamaiso ea matšoafo: hlobaetsang sinusitis, streptococcal tonzillofaringit, serame sa matšoafo sechabeng-e fumanweng, exacerbation ea la bronchitis, whooping khohlela, metso o mosoeu.

Letlalo le dinama tse nyenyane tse bonolo: mokaola, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, chancroid, maqoqomete a makhopho.

Molomo cavity: periodontitis le periostitis.

tsamaiso e khopo tshilong ya dijo: Campylobacter gastroenteritis, mala seso.

Hape macrolides sebediswa bakeng sa thibelo ea mafu a latelang: mokhokhothoane, meningitis, rheumatic feberu, endocarditis.