The hypersonic lifofane lebelo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Russia hypersonic lifofane

Tlwaelehileng mopalami sefofane fofang ka lebelo ka bang 900 km SE / H. Jete sesole baahisane ka fihla ka makhetlo a mararo lebelo. Leha ho le joalo, lienjiniere morao-rao ho tswa ho Russia le linaheng tse ling ba ka mafolofolo ho ntshetsa pele ho feta mechine phahameng-lebelo - lifofane hypersonic. ke specifics likhopolo le eng?

Mekgwatiriso bakeng sa lifofane hypersonic

Ke seo sefofane hypersonic? Tlas'a tseo ka tloaelo utloisisa ka mochine o nang le bokhoni ba fofang ka lebelo ka makhetlo a mangata e phahameng ho feta ea molumo. Atamela ho batlisisa itseng litsupa itseng e fapaneng. mokgweng aba leo sefofane se lokela ho nkoa e le hypersonic e, haeba ke multiple a maholo ho feta tshebetso lebelo ka ho fetisisa lebelo a maqheka morao-rao supersonic. Eo e ka bang 3-4 sekete. Km / H. Ke hore, e le sefofane hypersonic, haeba u latela mokgweng ena, ba lokela ho finyella lebelo la 6 sekete. Km / H.

likoloi Unmanned le sebetsa

Atamelang bafuputsi ba ka fapana hape ka karolo efe ea beha ka litekanyetso ka kenyelletsoa ha lintlha tsa e sethusathuto bakeng sa lifofane. Ho na le phetolelo e le hore ho ba amehileng ka tsona utloahalang tseo feela mechine hore ba laoloa ke monna. Ho na le ke maikutlo, ho ea ka tseo lifofane ba ka boela ba nka le unmanned. Kahoo, ba bang bahlahlobisisi go arologana le mechine ea mofuta ona le ba angoa ke ho taolo ea motho 'me ba e sebetsang autonomously. Joalo karohano e ka 'na eaba ka lokafatsoang hobane drones ka ba le tse ling tse ngata tšosang litšobotsi tse botekgeniki, ho etsa mohlala, ka ho ya ka lebelo le accelerations.

Leha ho le joalo, bafuputsi ba bangata ba hypersonic lifofane e le kgopolo ya go e le 'ngoe, e leng seo e pontshi senotlolo - lebelo. Hore na ka laola ya mochine motho a lula kapa mochine o laoloang roboto - the ntho e ka sehloohong hore lifofane e ne e ho lekaneng ho itima lijo.

Tsoha - feela kapa ka thuso ea batho ba bang?

Aba Classification hypersonic sefofane, e leng e thehiloe - ho go arologana bona ka sehlopha ea ba hore ba khona ho nka theoha ka lithahasello tsa bona, kapa ba neng ba hloka bolulo bakeng sa koloi matla le ho feta - ka Lata kapa thepa sefofane. Ho na le ke maikutlo tseo ho didiriswa tse ea mofuta ona ho nepahetse ngotsoe haholo-holo tseo e li khona ho nka theoha ka booona kapa le ho kenya letsoho ha fokolang haholo ea mefuta e meng ea thepa. Leha ho le joalo, ba neng ba sa babatlisisi ba lumela hore ka criterion sehlooho tseo e tšoaeang ka lifofane hypersonic - lebelo, e lokela ho ba ka sehloohong ka tlhophiso efe kapa efe. Hore na e ke kabelong ya sesebediswa ho e unmanned, laoloa, ea khonang ho nka theoha ka booona kapa ka likoloi tse ling - haeba pontshi lekanang fihla melemo ya le ka holimo, ho bolela hore re bua ka ka lifofane hypersonic.

The mathata a ka sehloohong sa ditharollo hypersonic

Dikgopolo tsa go ditharollo hypersonic - ka lilemo tse mashome tse ngata. Ho pholletsa le lilemo tsa ntshetsopele ya mofuta loketseng ho tse a maqheka baenjiniere ea lefatše ho ea ho rarolla a 'maloa a mathata a bohlokoa, e hlaphohileng sitisa beha taba "hypersonic" ka kemisong e sa khaotseng - joaloka mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa tlhahiso ea turboprop lifofane.

The le bothata ba ka sehloohong eo a entseng lifofane hypersonic - ho fana ka enjene ea nang le bokhoni ba ho ka ho lekaneng eneji, le sebetsang hantle. E mong le bothata - tolamiso ya hlokahala sesebediswa mogote tšireletso. 'nete ea hore lebelo la lifofane hypersonic ka melao ea boitšoaro eo re e hlahlobileng ka holimo, fana ka maikutlo a futhumatsang matla ea' mele ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa sepakapakeng.

Kajeno re sheba ka disampole tse seng kae tsa prototypes katleho lifofane tsa mofuta loketseng, eo ke jwa ba ile ba khona ho haholo susumelletsa pele ka ho ea tharollo katleho mathata a boletsoeng. Hona joale re ithuta le tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa tse etsahalang lefatšeng ka bophara mabapi le ho bōptjoa hypersonic lifofane tsa mofuta ona.

Lifofane lebelo ka ho fetisisa ho tloha Boeing

The lebelo ka ho fetisisa hypersonic lifofane le lefatšeng, ho latela litsebi tse ling li, sena ke American Boeing X-43A. Ka mohlala, nakong ea liteko tsa sesebediswa e ile a tlaleha hore o fihla lebelo fetang 11 tse sekete. Km / H. Ke hoo e ka bang makhetlo a 9,6 ka potlako ho feta lebelo la molumo.

ikhethang haholo hypersonic lifofane X-43A ke eng? Features ya lifofane le tsela e latelang:

- palo e kahodimodimo lebelo tlalehiloeng ka liteko le, - 11 ho ea ho tse 230 km SE / H;

- wingspan - 1.5 limithara;

- vela bolelele - 3,6 limithara;

- Engine - cocurrent, Supersonic combustion e Ramjet;

- mafura - oksijene sepakapakeng, hydrogen.

Ho ka 'na ho hlokomela hore taba eo mochini o har'a ka ho fetisisa ea botsoalle tikoloho. 'nete ea hore mafura a sebelisoang hoo e batlang e ho akarelletsa ho sebopeho sa lihlahisoa combustion e nang le chefo e.

Hypersonic lifofane X-43A ile ntshetswa mmoho ke baenjiniere NASA, hammoho le lik'hamphani Orbical Saense Corporation le Minocraft. lifofane le ileng ba bōptjoa ka bang 10 lilemo tse. ntshetsopeleng lona e se e invested ka bang 250 mln. liranta. Tlhaloganyong novelty nkoa lifofane hore e ne e reretsoe hore a leke thekenoloji morao-rao ho netefatsa tshebetso ya metsamao ya mmele le qheletseng.

Ntshetsopeleng tloha Orbital Saense

Khampani Orbital Saense, eo, ha re ntse re ho boletsoe ka holimo, ba kenya letsoho ho bōptjoa sesebediswa X-43A, hape o ile a khona ho qapa hypersonic tsa sona sefofane - X-34.

holimo lebelo lona - ho feta 12 likete tse km SE / H .. Leha ho le joalo, ka liteko tse sebetsang e ha e so fihlellwa - ha e le hantle, ho hlōleha ho finyella phofung ea, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ka sefofane X43-A. O ne a nka sefofane se potlakisa ka ho sebelisa metsu "Pegasus", ho sebetsa ka mafura a tiileng. Machine X-34 o ne a pele e lekiloeng ka 2001. O ne a nka lifofane haholo kholoanyane unit trust tswa Boeing - ka e-ba bolelele ba limithara tse 17,78, wingspan - 8,85 limithara Boholo bophahamong hypersonic mechine tloha Orbical Saense -. Km 75.

Lifofane ho tloha North America

E mong tsebahalang hypersonic lifofane - X-15, o ile a ntša ka khampani North American. Sena bahlahlobisisi unit trust bolela ho etsa liteko.

E a hlomelloa le dienjini Lata, e fanang ka phahama ho litsebi tse ling li se ke nka hore ha e le hantle, ho sehlopha sa lifofane. Leha ho le joalo, enjene botenng Lata nolofalletsa mochine, ka ho khetheha ho etsa lifofane suborbital. Ka mohlala, nakong eo se seng sa liteko ka mokgwa wa ena e ile ea lekoa ke bakhanni ba. sethusathuto Morero X-15 - ithuta specifics ea hypersonic sefofane hlahlobo ya ditharollo tse fapa-fapaneng moralo, thepa e ncha le litšobotsi joaloka mochine taolo ka le dikarolo tse fapaneng tsa sepakapakeng. Hoa hlokomeleha hore le khopolo ea morero ile ea amoheloa ka 1954. X-15 fofang ka lebelo la fetang 7 sekete. Km / H. The mefuta e fapaneng ya sefofane lona - fetang 500 dikhilomitha, bophahamo o moholo ho feta 100 Km.

Tlhahiso lifofane lebelo ka ho fetisisa

Re ne re ithuta ka holimo likoloi hypersonic ha e le hantle ke tsa dihlopha tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso. Ho tla ba molemo ho nahana ka dikai bang tlhahiso ea lifofane, haufi le litšobotsi tsa hypersonic, kapa tse (ka mekgwa ya sa tšoaneng) tsona.

Har'a mechine tsena - the American ntshetsopele ya sr-71. lifofane le, bafuputsi ba bang le tšekamelo ea ho bua ka hypersonic, kaha lebelo lona holimo e ka tiro 3.7 sekete. Km / H. Har'a litšobotsi tse lona fetisisa hlollang - theoha boima eo o moholo ho feta boima ba lithane tse 77. koloi bolelele - limithara tse fetang 23, wingspan - ho feta 13 m.

E nkoa e mong oa Russia MiG-25, lifofane lebelo ka ho fetisisa ea sesole. sesebediswa ka fihla lebelo tse fetang 3.3 sekete. Km / H. Palo e kahodimodimo ho inkela-theoha Boima ba sefofane Russia - 41 ton.

Kahoo, liqeto tseo tlhahiso ea 'maraka, haufi le litšobotsi tsa hypersonic, Federation Russia - e mong oa baeta-pele ba. Empa ho thoe'ng ka liphetoho tse karolong e ka Serussia ea "khale" lifofane hypersonic? Ke baenjiniere ho tloha Federation ea Russia ho bopa tharollo, koloi tlhōlisano tloha Boeing le Orbital Scence?

Russia likoloi hypersonic

Ka nako eo, Russia supersonic lifofane tlas'a ntshetsopele. Empa o ba mafolofolo haholo. Re bua ka sefofane Ju-71. teko ea hae ea pele, ho ea ka litlaleho tse mecheng ea litaba, ho ile ha tšoaroa February 2015 ka Orenburg.

Ho lebeletsoe hore lifofane li tla sebelisetsoa merero ea sesole. Ho joalo, hypersonic sesebediswa ka, haeba ho hlokahala, ho lopolla libetsa tlhaselo holim'a sebaka se selelele, ho hlokomela sebaka seo, empa o boetse o ameha ka e elements ea tlhaselo lifofane. Bafuputsi ba bang ba lumela hore ka lilemo tse 2020-2025. SMF fihla hoo e ka bang 20 ea mofuta oa lifofane tse fapaneng.

Mecheng ea litaba ho na le litlaleho tsa hore Russia nkoa lifofane hypersonic tla behoa metsu ballistic "Sarmat", eo hape sebakeng sethaleng moralo. Bahlahlobisisi ba bang ba lumela hore ho ntshetsa pele e hypersonic mochini Ju-71 - e ha ho letho le tšoanang le warhead, e leng e lokela ho aroloa ho ea metsu ballistic ka mohato ea ho qetela ea baleha, 'me joale, ka lebaka la ho bath phahameng tsa maneuverability lifofane ho hlōla tsamaiso ea tshireletso lerumo.

"Ajax" porojeke e ne

Har'a diporojeke fetisisa hlokomelehang amanang le tsoelo-pele ea sefofane hypersonic - "Ajax". Re tla ithuta ka ho qaqileng. Hypersonic lifofane "Ajax" - tlhaloganyong ntshetsopeleng ya baenjiniere Union. Sechabeng saense mabapi le meqoqo hae o ile a qala ka 80s. Har'a litšobotsi tse ikhethang ka ho fetisisa - ba teng ha tsamaiso mogote tšireletso ea e reretsoeng ho sireletsa matlo a tloha overheating. Kahoo, ke jwa ba "Ajax" sesebelisoa tla fana ka tharollo ho e nngwe ya mathata "hypersonic" boletsoeng ka holimo rona.

Traditional mogote tšireletso ea oa potoloho fofang mechine akarelletsa go bewa ka 'mele oa thepa e khethehileng. "Ajax" ke jwa tlhahiso khopolo e fapaneng, ho latela eo se lokela ho sireletsa mochine tloha futhumatsang ka ntle, 'me a lumela mocheso ka mochini, ha ba eketseha mohloding eneji, le lona. The mohlodisani o ka sehloohong oa mochine Union ho ne ho nkoa e le hypersonic lifofane, "Aurora", bōpiloe ka United States. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore le bayemi tsa Soviet Union haholo atolosoa ea menyetla ya kgopolo ya go, e ntshetsopeleng e ncha e se e filoeng mengata e fapaneng mefuta e sa mesebetsi, tse kang lipatlisiso. Re ka bolela hore "Ajax" - hypersonic multipurpose lifofane.

A re hlahlobeng ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane ho dipopontshwa theknoloji e filwe ke baenjiniere e tsoang USSR.

Kahoo, bayemi Union "Ajax" sisintsweng ho sebelisa mocheso generated ka lebaka la ho airframe ea khohlano ea sepakapaka, fetola ka eneji, le e metle. Ka botsebi, sena se ka finyelloang ka ho tsamaisa sesebediswa ka likhetla tse ling. Ka lebaka leo, ho thehoa ho hong ho kang e le 'mele bobeli. cavity lona e lokela ho tlatsa ba bang ba sethothetsi ho, mohlala, motsoako oa lintho tse bonahalang combustible le metsi. Mocheso li sireletsang serameng lera e entsoe ka lintho tse bonahalang ka thata, "Ajax" ba ne ba tla nkeloa sebaka ka mokelikeli, e leng ka lehlakoreng le leng, ba lokela ho sireletsa enjene, ka tse ling tse - e ne e tla kenya letsoho hore ho ho arabela joang catalytic, eo, leha ho le joalo, ba ne ba ka tsamaea le le phello endothermic - motsamao oa mocheso ho tloha ka ntle ho likarolo ka hare ho joalo. Theoretically, Cooling karolo ka ntle la sesebediswa ne e ka ba eng kapa eng. mocheso feteletseng, le eena, o nahana ho sebelisa ho ntlafatsa ka bokgoni ba ho enjene lifofane. Ho feta moo, theknoloji ena tla lumella mafura ho hlahisa e loketseng ho itšoara joang le mefuta ya mahala hydrogen.

Hona joale e fumaneha ho litaba tsa sechaba ka ntšetsa pele ntshetsopele ya "Ajax" fumaneha, empa bafuputsi ba lumela selelekeleng likhopolo e tsepisa haholo Soviet sona.

Se-china likoloi hypersonic

Mohlodisani tsa US le Russia ka 'maraka oa ditharollo hypersonic fetoha China. Har'a ka ho fetisisa tummeng baenjiniere merero ho tloha China - lifofane Wu-14. Ke laoloa hypersonic glider e behoa ka lerumo ballistic.

IDB phatlalatsang lifofane le sepakapakeng, moo koloi ka tsela e hlollang swoops fatše, ho ntshetsa pele e lebelo hypersonic. unit trust Chinese ka mounted ka IDB fapaneng le mefuta e fapaneng ya 2 ho 12 tse sekete. Km. Ho ile ha fumanoa hore nakong ea liteko le mochine Wu-14 o ile a khona ho finyella lebelo fetang 12 tse sekete. Km / H, ho ba joalo ka lifofane lebelo ka ho fetisisa hypersonic ho latela ba bang ba bahlahlobisisi ba.

Leha ho le joalo, bafuputsi ba bangata ba lumela hore ntshetsopeleng China hase lokafatsoang haholo ha a bua ka sehlopha sa lifofane. Kahoo, phetolelo ea tloaelehileng, eo ho eona ka didirisiwa e ke ho classified e le warhead ka. Le e sebetsang haholo. Nakong ea Sefofane fatše ka lebelo tshwaileng e esita le ea kajeno ho fetisisa lerumo tshireletso tsamaiso e khopo e ke ke ea tiisa interception morero oa tšoanetseng.

Ho ka 'na ba hlokomela hore ho hōla ha likoloi hypersonic lula merero ea sesole, ba boetse ba ameha Russia le United States. Ho sa le joalo, e Russia kgopolo, e leng seo e reretsoe ho bopa mofuta loketseng mochini, fapane haholo, e leng se pakoang ke ya data ka ho ba bang ba mecha ea phatlalatso, ho tswa ho melao-motheo ea theknoloji kenngwa tshebetsong ke Maamerika le Machaena. Joalo, le ke jwa ba Federation Russia concentrated boiteko bo tšimong ea lifofane hlomelloa le ramjet enjene e ka matha fatše. Russia rerile ho sebelisana ka tsela ena le India. likoloi Hypersonic bōpileng ka khopolo Russia, joalokaha ba bang ba bahlahlobisisi ba na le theko e tlaase le ho sebelisa kgolo ee bophara.

Ka nako e tšoanang Russia hypersonic lifofane, eo re buileng ka holimo (U-71), a qala ho, ho ea ka ba bang ba bahlahlobisisi ba, ha nako e ntse e beha ka ICBMs. Haeba polelo ena ke 'nete, joale re ka bua ka seo baenjiniere ho tloha Federation Russia ba sebetsa ho tloha celow podrozy ba babeli ba tummeng ka ho hahoa tlhaloganyong sefofaneng hypersonic.

kakaretso

Ho joalo, mohlomong lebelo ka ho fetisisa hypersonic lifofane le lefatšeng, ka ho ya ka lifofane, ho sa tsotellehe tlhophiso bona, e ntse e le mochine Chinese Wu-14. Leha re lokela ho utloisisa hore boitsebiso bo ea sebele ka eona, ho akarelletsa le tse amanang le liteko, a ka classified. Ena ke tsela e lumellanang le melao-motheo ea ke jwa Sechaena, bao e leng hangata e le ka eng kapa eng eo o ne a leka ho boloka thekenoloji bona sesole ka sephiring. Lebelo la lifofane lebelo ka ho fetisisa hypersonic - ho feta 12 likete tse km SE / H .. Ho "catches fihlela" le ntshetsopele ya American X-43A - litsebi ba bangata ba lumela hore ke lebelo ka ho fetisisa. Theoretically hypersonic sefofane X-43A, 'me Machaena Wu-14 ka fumana ka ho ntshetsa pele Orbical Saense, balwa ka tekanyo ea fetang 12 tse sekete. Km / H.

Litšobotsi tse sa Russia sefofane U-71 ha e e-s'o ile a senolela sechaba. Ho ka etsahala hore ba tla tlisoa haufi le ditekanyetso tsa lifofane Machaena. baenjiniere ba Russia hape etella pele ntshetsopele ya lifofane hypersonic khona ho noa theoha ICBMs se thehiloeng Bibeleng, 'me ba le bang.

diporojeke tse di morao-rao tsa bafuputsi ba ho tloha Russia, China le United States ka tsela e 'ngoe kapa e' ngoe e amanang le sesole. lifofane Hypersonic, ho sa natswe tlhophiso bona khoneha, li nkoa haholo-holo ka microcyteme libetsa, ho fetisisa ka etsahala hore ebe nyutlelie. Leha ho le joalo, mosebetsing oa bafuputsi ba tloha ho pota lefatše ea mo khahlanyetsa litletlebo tsa hore "hypersound" joaloka thekenoloji ea nyutlelie, ho ka 'na ea e-ba le khotso.

Ho fihlela ho qaleha ea e khonang 'me e ka tšeptjoang ea ho hlophisa le boima tlhahiso ea likoloi tsa mofuta o loketseng. The tshebediso ya le disebediswa tse joalo ho ka etsahala ho fapaneng bolelloa batho ba bangata ba mafapha ea ho hōla moruong. Ho se ho hlokahala khōlō ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa lifofane hypersonic ho ka etsahala hore fumana ho indasteri e sebaka le ho etsa lipatlisiso.

E le litsenyehelo tsa ho ba fapaneng ka tlhahiso ea mochini thekenoloji thahasello investing mererong joalo ka 'na qala ho sebedisa kgwebo lipalangoang. Industrial mekhatlo, bafani ba litšebeletso tse fapa-fapaneng a ka qala ho nahana ka "hypersound" e le sesebelisoa sa ho ntlafatsa tlhodisano ka tsa khoebo ka ho ya ka mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa puisano ea machaba.