Spaceports USA: ditshebetso le photo photo photo photo

Fofang sepakapakeng letsatsi le letsatsi e ba bonolo le ho feta ho fihlella. Bakeng sa batho ba ikemiselitseng ho lefa maneha chelete ea chelete ka metsotso e seng kae o ile a qeta ka ntle sepakapaka, Ofisi ea Lehae tsamaiso ea lifofane tsa United States Federal lokolloa 'mapa e nago le mohola, e tšoauoa spaceports tsohle US. Lenane la libaka jwale muso eketswa le boitsebiso bo mabapi le mehaho ea poraefete etselitsoeng likoloi sebaka lonthja.

ke eng spaceports?

mekatelo ho tsoibiloang li sebelisetsoa ho qala ka likoloi orbital kapa suborbital ka holim'a sepakapaka. Ba fana ka ikopanya ea likarolo qalang, fana ka mafura, sefofane sa tšebeletso 'me a lokise bona payload. Spaceports etsa ho ka khoneha ho hlahisa tshekaletseng le paatsepama sefofane se tloha 'me lulisa. From sebaka lonthja koloi e tsamaeang ka sebakeng se bitsoang sebakeng lonthja, eo hangata a hlomelloa le thepa latedisa le fumana telemetry. Hoa hlokahala ho hlokomela koloi ea ho fihlela lonthja lona le atlehileng. ka orbit o kgutlele ho Lefatšeng. tsamaiso ea tsena li ka sebelisoa ho batla mekhahlelo reusable.

The Federal tsamaiso ea lifofane Administration le United States khoebo sebaka lipalangoang dilaesense poraefete lonthja libaka tsa naha.

Kamoo spaceports ka US tse ngata?

Ho ea qetellong ea selemo sa 2015, United States, ho ne ho 19 mekatelo mafolofolo, 8 tsa tsona li 'muso, 9 - khoebo, sebetsa ka mafapha a' muso, mmoho le likhoebo poraefete, 'me e' ngoe ke ea univesithi. Ho bana, 4 li etselitsoe ho matha ka lefatše le orbit tlaase, 9 sebelisoa feela bakeng sa simolodisiwa ga kumo potlana-orbital le 5 tse bokahohleng.

Hape, ho na le 3 unlicensed Sepheo le eo simolodisiwa ga kumo ka etsa e le laesense kapa makoloi matla. Ho tloha ka lik'hamphani tse nang le tsona ho ya data cosmodrome metsu tšebeliso ea tlhahiso ea eona, ho hlokahala hore a fumane tumello ea ho sebaka lonthja ha ho hlokeha. Tsena li akarelletsa:

• sethaleng "Odyssey" lenaneo "Sea Launch", ho sebelisa «Zenit 3PL" metsu;
• cosmodrome "McGregor" Texas khampani SpaceX, moo leka phakoe 9R;
• Papaling haufi Van Horn, Texas, Blue Origin khampani.

spaceports US, e teng ka nako e le teng ka ho arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo tse khōlō. Ba leng teng ka Pacific lebōpong le, ho ea ka boroa-ka boroa-bophirimela le ka e bohareng le e ka boroa lebōpong le Atlantic.

Pacific sehlopha

spaceports US ka Leoatleng la Pacific tse pedi libaka lonthja. Ea pele ke sethala "Sea Launch", eo e ne e qalong ea lenonyello la Norwegian-Serussia Seukraine-Amerika. Ka mor'a hore licheleteng tsa 2009 Lata poraefete le Space Corporation "Energia" ea Russia ea e-ba mong'a lona ka sehloohong. Ka nako e itseng ea US sebelisoa sethaleng ho qala satellitari khoebo.

Ea bobeli - ka fatše ho paka Reagan - e teng Lihlekehlekeng Tsa Marshall. Launch sebaka e teng ka Khao tsa Kwajalein le Aur, 'me Tsoha Island. E sebelisoa e le teko saeteng ya metsu ballistic, tsamaiso ea lerumo tshireletso, sebaka le mananeo a meteorological lipatlisiso, hammoho le ho hlokomela satellitari mosebetsi. Sehlekehlekeng omelek sehlekehleke sohle teng khoebo lonthja saeteng ya SpaceX.

Launch mehahong Alaska

Alaska o boetse o na spaceports US. Launch rarahaneng "Kodiak", tseo ka ho khetheha ka ho beha sathelaete e be orbit Polar, le ho etsa lipatlisiso book Poker Flat, ruilweng ke Institute Geophysical, University ea Alaska, phatlalatsang Lata le thepa saense bakeng sa litekanyo ka sepakapaka ka holimo.

Launch rarahaneng "Kodiak"

"Kodiak" sebakeng se seng hectars 1500 ke feela se phahameng-bolokolohi tshimololang rarahaneng tsa United States. Ka bolokolohi 54th sehlekehlekeng sa Kodiak ke Nerrou - Cape Spaceport USA, ea ileng a khetheha simolodisiwa ga kumo Polar sebediswa bakeng sa satellitari ho orbit ena. Libaka tse Hloahloa tsa setsing lona mosa ho akarelletsa ho libaka tse peli (e mong bakeng sa baratos orbital, 'me e' ngoe bakeng sa suborbital), mohaho ona o 17-storey ho haha metsu le kamore e hloekileng bakeng sa ba lokisetsa ho ea satellitari. Ka rarahaneng ho na le kaho ea sethaleng boraro, e leng tla hlahisa fono lekgetlo la Hoa makatsa hore ebe ho itima lijo - lihora tse ka tlaase ho tse 24 li tla tšoaroa ho tloha ka pepa ho qala.

Qalang California sebakeng

Ho phaella ho tse peli tse US Air Force airbases "Vandenberg" le "Edwards", tseo le tsona li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho o balehela ho lona liteko, California ho na le tse peli tse lonthja site, "California" le "Mojave." 'Me ba hlile tsotehang! Ka 2004, ea "Mojave" pele le atlehileng. boinotšing chelete sebaka lonthja SpaceShipOne sekepe. California, hape thehiloeng "California Office Space," e leng hoo e batlang e ha ho na matla a ba ne ba sa rua 'me ka hona ba khaotsa ho ba teng.

Spaceport "California"

Ka airbase "Vandenberg" ka Lompoc, California, ho tloha ka 1999, o sebetsang ho e moholo le laesense khoebo spaceport United States, lebitso la e leng - the spaceport "California". Ho feta moo, ke eona feela e ka botlalo commercialized setsing ka hare ho naha - e sebetsang kantle ho dithuso tsa ditjhelete tsa setjhaba. The sebaka se seholo ke ho qala ha bo8 sebaka lonthja rarahaneng kapa SLC-8. Ho kgona ho fana ka bobeli Polar le ballistic tsela sebelisa tse nyenyane matsapa sehlopha sa "Minotaur" diboloko.

Aerokosmoport "Mojave"

Hahiloeng ka boema-fofane 'me sesole sa metsing libetsa mefuta e fapaneng ya Second Ntoa ea Lefatše, aerokosmoport "Mojave" e fetohile e' ngoe ea pele libaka teko bakeng sa rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng poraefete. Ho qala ka lenaneo la lerumo ka bo-1990 ba pele, e ile ea e-ba motheo oa ho mabitso kholo ka ho fetisisa historing ea suborbital le orbital baratos khoebo, ho kopanyelletsa le SpaceShipOne, hlōla moputso Ansari X ka 2004, XCOR Aerospace, Masten Space Systems le Orbital Saense Corp.

Afrika-ka boroa-bophirimela

Mona, e mong le puso, US le spaceport ena. New Mexico, Texas le Oklahoma - kaofela ba ile ba ba le mekatelo bona lonthja, le New Mexico laola. Ka "Enchanting Naheng e Omileng" (semmuso la boswaswi la mmuso) Ho hahoa spaceport "Amerika", eo ka linako tse ling o romela bahahlauli ho sebaka.

Spaceport "Amerika"

Ea lehoatata Jordana Lak Muerto, New Mexico - sebaka seo ho sona ho nang le spaceport US, "Amerika", e ileng ea fetoha ea lefatše ho ea pele morero o itseng-haha khoebo botlaaseng le tsoibiloang sebaka bakeng sa poraefete Aerospace khampani Virgin Galactic, SpaceX, UP Aerospace le Armadillo Aerospace. Pakiloeng LEED tsamaiso, ntho e akaretsa ka 62 likete sq M.. limithara 'me e akarelletsa tse peli habeli-ba bolelele hangar sebakeng limithara tse lisekoere 4400. limithara le Mission Control Center. The spaceport ka fihla ho tswa ho e haufi le moo toropo e tokomaneng 'Nete kapa Konsikuenses.

Ka lerumo Range White Sands nang mefuta eohle ea lintho tse kholo le ho phatloha, 'me ka linako tse ling mollo sepakapakeng haufi. Ho phaella moo, ho na le ne a beha ea pele ea nyutlelie teko saeteng lefatšeng. Empa ha se sebaka se thahasellisang haholo.

Spaceport "Oklahoma"

Located bohareng ba Oklahoma wasteland, ho spaceport o mong oa lifofane tse telele ka ho fetisisa Amerika Leboea (4115 limithara). Hammoho le ho letho kantle ho tse fofang lifofane sepakapakeng, o ile a ea pele United States, e leng se ikamahantse le sesole le lithibelo sefofane, e leng loketseng bakeng sa likoloi tsa khoebo le sefofane se tloha tshekaletseng le lulisa. Ho na le khampani hape thehiloeng Armadillo Aerospace, le hoja mochine lona baloang ka khoeli e rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng etselitsoeng feela sefofane se tloha paatsepama le lulisa. Har'a lintho tse ling, ho na le ke esita le ea 9-lesoba kolofo.

Spaceports Toropong ea Texas

Toropong ea Texas, ho na le ke lonthja sebaka ya poraefete sebaka kgwebo hlooho le selotlolo billionaire mothehi oa Amazon Dzheff Bezosa Blue Origin. Joale sena ke teko lonthja site, empa mohlomong nakong e tlang e tla ba sebaka se molemo bakeng sa ho nka maeto a bohahlauli e sepakapakeng le khutla.

Le McGregor khampani SpaceX ea hahileng lonthja sebaka teko ya enjene Merlin 1lets le phakoe 9 Lata le lerutle.

Central le e ka boroa Atlantic lebōpong le

Ka Virginia, ho na le tse peli tse lonthja mekatelo - bohareng ba bo-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (Mars) le spaceport ka Wallops Island NASA. Mars romela likepe tse sepakapakeng ka lebaka la melemo e lekhetho "lefela matla a khoheli - lefela makhetho". Ka Wallops NASA futuhela Lata. Mohlala, la 6 September, 2013, ho tloha mona fofela fatang ho ithuta ho fifala ha khoeli sepakapaka le tikoloho - ka lekhetlo la pele ka ntle ho Florida, moo ka sehloohong spaceport USA.

Located ka lebōpong le ka bochabela la Virginia, setsing sa e ile ea hahoa ka 1945 bakeng sa ho phetha liteko aerodynamic le jwalo orbital lonthja setsing. Ho tloha ka nako eo, ka Wallops qala fetang 16.000 rockets, ho akarelletsa le mathoasong a prototypes "Mercury" morero le LADEE.

Tlas'a tataiso ea Ofisi ea Commercial Space Flight ea Virginia, ho Mars sebetsang lonthja mekatelo tse peli: Pad 0A, e leng FAA lengolo ho lopolla payloads bekha ho fihlela ho lithane tse 5 ka tlaase Earth orbit, le Pad 0B, e le hore khumo ho 3.8, tonnes payload hore loketse ho feta bakeng sa likoloi tse nyenyane tse kang "Minotaur IV oa" kapa "Minuteman". Ho phaella ho ba setso mafura tiileng-mokelikeli 'me e lumella u ho matha koloi lebasetere.

Ho tloha ka ya tlhomelo ya pele ya tse ikemetseng thepa dithepa rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng Cygnus Orbital Sciences Corporation ka boto microcyteme lona Lata "Antares" o ne a ya hlahiswa cosmodrome Mars. Cygnus, Dragon komiki mohlodisani Elon Musk, katleho rola September 18, 2013 Four matsatsi hamorao, o ile oa finyelloa ka iss pyar, peakanyo le namoletse 980 lik'hilograma thepa.

Cape Canaveral

Ka sehloohong lonthja saeteng sebakeng mmuso US ya Florida. Kahoo tsoibiloang le tšebelisano ea "Apollo" lenaneo ka ya 1960 le 1970s. le lenaneo shuttle diplomacy Space Resorts in 1980-2000-ogy. "Space Coast" le akarelletsa Space Center NASA oa John F. Kennedy Air Force Station le US lonthja saeteng ka Cape Canaveral.

Mora phethoa lenaneo la shuttles Air Force Station, le Kennedy Space Center buloa ho ketsahalo khoebo. Hammoho, mehaho ena na mekatelo tse tharo ke le mafolofolo boboleling le tse pedi tsa lifofane le mafolo-folo ho balehela ho lona tshekaletseng pakeng tsa bona.

Qalang mehahong 46 le 20 ke sa mathomo lonthja sethaleng Canaveral. Pele ea bana ba e reretsoe ho amohela metsu bohareng-sehlopha sa "Lockheed Athena" kapa "Taurus" le metsu ballistic "Trident II ea" le "Minuteman". The sete ea bobeli e ile ea hahoa ho sebeletsa ba banyenyane-potlana orbital tsamaiso ea lonthja LiteStar, Terrier, Orion le ASAS.

Spaceport "Cecil Field"

Ka 2010, Federal tsamaiso ea lifofane Administration United States amohelehang ho bōptjoa Jacksonville spaceport "Cecil Field" sebakeng seo ba decommissioned botlaaseng eponymous sesole sa metsing ea lifofane. Launch sebaka fumana lengolo la ho ka 2010, 'me holim' a eona ba se a ntse a chelete e hlokahalang ho tshehetsa mpshafatswago tsekaletse qala likoloi. Ka lonthja saeteng ke lifofane tse bolelele ba 3800, 2400 le 1200, m, taxiways ho feta tse tsoetseng pele le lintho cosmoport. Ba lokela ho ho tlatswa ho ea qetellong ea lilemo tse leshome.

Kajeno, sebaka lifofane tse ka phetoho. Ho etsa lipatlisiso 'me sesole le liteko tse tsoela pele ho batla ho busa, le hoja simolodisiwa ga kumo tsa satellitari khoebo qala ho lula e le karolo ea ho eketseha ha Lata morao-rao le indasteri sebaka. Space bohahlauli tloha lik'hamphani tse kang Virgin Galactic 'me mohlomong, Blue Origin litšepiso tse ncha nakong e tlang, Leha ho le joalo, ka theko ke hore hona joale e fumanehang ho tse seng kae.

New US lonthja libaka le mananeo a joaloka Space X, bontša kamoo ho sa na le sebaka sa ho le popontshwa.