Dissociation motlakase: metheo mogopolofela tsa electrochemistry

Motlakase dissociation o phetha karolo e khōlō bophelong ba rōna, le hoja hangata re ne re sa e nahaneng ka eona. Hore ketsahalo ena e amanang le conductivity matsoai, acid le makalana a mahareng mokelikeli. Kaha re utloa morethetho pele pelo ea bakoa ke "phela" le motlakase 'mele oa motho, ba etsang liphesente tse mashome a robeli tseo ka tsona e na le mokelikeli, ho likoloi, lithelefono tsa cellular le libapali, libeteri tjhajwang tse tlhaho libeteri motlakase ya, - hohle ho pota re teng o sa bonahale motlakase dissociation.

Senatla exhaling noxious mouoane vats entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa ha thempereichara e phahameng, bauxite electrolysis mokhoa fana ka "tse nang le mapheo" tšepe - aluminium. lintho tsohle tse re potolohileng, ho tswa ho google chrome-tlotsitsoe radiator ka metsi koahela masale litsebeng tsa hao neng kapa neng a tobane le ditharollo kapa letsoai entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa, 'me ka hona lipono tse makatsang. Hase oa lefeela dissociation motlakase o ile a ithuta hore lekala kakaretso saense - electrochemistry.

Holim 'a shoa hoa tsa solvent mokelikeli-limolek'hule kena k'hemik'hale e le tlamahano le limolek'hule tsa solute e, eaba ba etsa solvates. The tharollo ea metsi ke ho fetisisa bonolo hore dissociation ya letsoai, acid le makalana. Ka lebaka la mokhoa ona e solute molek'hule ka dissociate ka ions. Ka mohlala, ho solvent ea metsi tlas'a tšusumetso ea ions tsa Na ⁺ le CI ^-, tse ka ionic NaCI kristale tsoela ka mahareng solvent se a ntse a le lecha jwalo solvated (hydrated) likaroloana.

ketsahalo ena e emela le hantle tshebetso ya putlama e feletseng kapa e sa fellang ea lithethefatsi qhalwa ho ya ka ions ka lebaka la ho pepesehela solvent, 'me o bitsoa "ea motlakase dissociation." Tšebetso ena ke ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa electrochemistry. Le ea bohlokoa haholo ke 'nete ea hore dissociation tsa tsamaiso ea rarahaneng multicomponent e tšoauoa ka sa ketsahalo ea mohato. Ha ketsahalo ena e boetse e hlokomela keketseho e bohale ka palo ea ions ka tharollo, e leng hlaheletseng tloha electroless electrolytic ntho.

Nakong electrolysis ions na le tataiso e hlakileng ea tshisinyo: likaroloana ka qoso positive, (cations) - ho eleketrode hlonamisitsoe qosoa, bitsoa cathode le ions o positive (anions) - ho anode eleketrode ho tefo bo fapaneng, moo ba ileng ba ba lokolloa. Cations ba fokotswa le oxidized anions. Ka lebaka leo, dissociation ke reversible.

E 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa motheo tsa tshebetso ena motlakase ya e tekanyo ea ho dissociation electrolytic, e leng e bontšoa ka karo-karolelano ea likaroloana le hydrated ho palo ea limolek'hule qhibiliha ntho. A phahameng lintlha ka ho eketsehileng, ena ke matla electrolyte ntho. Motheong ena, dintho tsohle di arotsoe ka, matla a fokolang mahareng le electrolyte matla.

Tekanyo ea ho dissociation itšetlehile ka lintho tse latelang: a) sebopeho sa solute ea; b) mofuta wa solvent e, lona kamehla dielectric le polarity; c) mahloriso ea tharollo (e ka tlaase ka lintlha, e khōlō tekanyo ea ho dissociation); g) Mocheso oa shoa hoa mahareng. Ka mohlala, dissociation ea acid e acetic ka bontšoa ka tsela eo lintho tse latelang:

CH ₃ COOH ⁺ H + CH ₃ COO ^-

electrolyte matla a dissociated hoo e batlang e irreversibly hobane tharollo bona ea metsi a sa lule unhydrated qalang limolek'hule le ions. E lokela ho a phaella ka hore tshebetso dissociation ama dintho tsohle le e ionic le covalent mofuta Polar la litlamo tsa lik'hemik'hale. Khopolo ea ho dissociation electrolytic rerileng e tummeng Seswedishe setsebi sa k'hemistri le fisiks Svante Arrhenius ka ka 1887.