Sefofane moralo. moralo likarolo. Tsela eo le entseng A321 lifofane

sefofane moralo ama haholo ho khanna hae, botekgeniki le aerodynamic tshebetso. Ho qaptjoa mechine ea sefofane sa lumelloa ho etsa le katleho e kholo hlollang ka lebelo ho hlōla sebaka se haholo. Nahana ka boemo ba leholimo le lintho tse khethollang mochine fofang.

Likarolo tsa mohaho o lifofane

Tlase ke mabitso a likarolo tse khōlō, e leng se etsang ba bangata ba aircrafts morao-rao:

• 'Mele o ka sehloohong oa lifofane (fuselage). Ho sebeletsa bakeng sa mabapi ka 'ngoe ea khubu ea, mapheo, powertrain le cheisi likarolo tse ling tse ka ntle. Located hare fuselage bakeng sa ezalaki na mwa ndako basebetsi, thepa le mopalami lekareche.
• Arabelang kapa molao-motheo o matla Motors, sephetho le ka mokhatlo oa sefofane.
• Lepheo - ntlha e sebeletsang ho tsitsisa ea unit trust mme bopa le phahamisa.
• Bakeng sa tsitsa le botsitso e fehlang paatsepama mohatla.
• Horizontal mohatla na le boikarabelo ba ho laola le ho tsitsisoa tsa mochine ka karolo longitudinal.
• tsamaiso e khopo taolo.
• thepa eketsehileng.

feathering

Moralo khale tsa lifofane ka mohatla ke bath ea boholo ba ntoa le version sechaba. Ka morero ona, ho tse tshekaletseng mohatla stabilizer bopilwe ka tsepamisitsoeng le e lifte fetolehang.

The stabilizer bakeng botsitso ba lifofane ka ho tshwana le selekane ho parola. Ha ho theola nko ea karolo lifofane mohatla hammoho masiba a fepa ho ya hodimo. Tabeng ena, moea phallo khatello ea ka lekarecheng ka holimo ea eketseha stabilizer. Returns generated ke mojaro balancer le fuselage ba le boemong bo batlang.

The thepa e boetse e akarelletsa le ka morao moleng o otlolohileng mohatla. Ho na le e elements tsepamisitsoeng (keel) le khalemeloa rudder. Molao-motheo o tšoanang le phutheho mehato tshekaletseng analoge feela sefofane paatsepama.

Sefofane moralo fana ka botsitso unit trust ka lifofane tse peli. Tokisetso ea longitudinal etsa bonnete ba botsitso lepheo phanele a ka hlaha ka lehlakoreng le esale pele mabapi le e mong le e tse ling tse, ke «V» mofuta lengolo.

laola

Ka sefofane kaho tsena bohlokoa taolo bokaholimo. The lifte ke e etsoang ka mechine morao stabilizer elements. Ha noute ena e hlomelloa le para ea tselisa ka, le rudders tla tse peli. Di synchronously khutlisetsa sepakapakeng tlaase kapa ho ea holimo, ho thusa ho fetola ba bolelele ba ka glider sefofane.

Aileron - e le karolo e etsoang ka mechine ea sehlopha lepheo. Ba dumella ho tsitsisa lifofane ka ho tshwana le selekane longitudinal. Likarolo mosebetsi o etsoang tsoa synchronously, ho deflection ea karolo ka 'ngoe e bang teng ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng.

The rudder ke kopanela ka mafolofolo ba keel sebeletsa ho tsitsisa ea unit trust paatsepama. Ba chenchana ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng ho tloha tataiso ea tsamaisoa le hlaha ho fihlela nako e joalo e le motsamaisi ha khutlise ba lebidi la setereng la boemo ba ho se nke lehlakore.

Motor le litsamaiso tse ling

Lohothwang lifofane hlomelloa le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea dienjini. Ba na le boikarabelo bakeng sa lebelo le sete le ketsahalo e sa le phahamisa ka. Motors e ka mounted ka pel'a sefofane, ka morao le ka mapheo.

Arotsoe dimela matla ka tsela e latelang:

• Jete dienjini - kenyeletsa habeli-pulsing unit trust le turbine jete.
• Nsete - hlahiswa piston dikai le mekete e fapaneng e rarahaneng ea turbine ena.
• Lata dienjini - e mokelikeli kapa tiileng phahameng-lebelo phetolo.

Ke nkile lifofane dibopeho kenyeletsa maloa tsa dikarolo. The cheisi ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa sefofane se tloha 'me Landing koloi ka airfields runway. Sehahabi sebelisoa buka e ikhethang ski phaphamala, e le hore mochine ho sebetsa ka metsi kapa lehloa.

Moralo oa lifofane A-321

disampole Sena ke moemeli kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Airbus airliners cha. lifofane le nkile le fuselage lengthened, mokhabo e phahameng bakeng sa bokgoni mopalami. Ba bang ba diphetolo le tloaelehileng la letotong lena la lihlooho li disampole tse pedi: A231-100 ka tlaase sefofane kgatlhanang bapisoa le lithaka tsa hae, 'me A321-200 ka tanka eketsehileng mafura le Motors matla.

Palo yohle ya o ile a ntša taelo ea likete tsa lifofane tsa cha ena. Serial tlhahiso ea likoloi e tsoela pele ka nako e le teng. Model lumellana le melao le tsohle tse hlokahalang 'me e na le litebello tsa ho molemo bakeng sa' maraka oa lefatše lohle le Airbus.

A321 sefofane moralo ke e bonolo le e hlakileng. hare bokgoni ba bapalami ba ka bang 200. The matha ka lebelo la lifofane la - 900 km SE / H, le palo e kahodimodimo ho inkela-theoha bophahamo - 10,5 km SE. Ka mefuta e fapaneng hona fapana km ka 4.3 sekete.

Melemo le go tlhoka mesola

Har'a melemo ea ho ea moralo le oa lifofane le A321 ka ho hlokomela lintlha tse latelang:

• mochini o na le boemo bo phahameng ba kwahelang molumo.
• sesebediswa na matšeliso ho molemo bakeng sa basesisi ba sekepe le baeti.
• Khōlō le phutholohile liphate.
• E ikhethang botekgeniki entsprechen.

Har'a mefokolo ea o ile a hlokomela likarolo tse:

• hanyane A siiloe ke nako motswako botekgeniki, ho bapisoa le dikai morao-rao e 'ngoe.
• Limited bokgoni ho sebelisa mehaho.

Lifofane Design A-321 e fana ka dibaka tsa litulo, tse teng ka likotoana tse 'nè ka ho latellana. Ba na le phutholohile bophara, trima letlalo, a haha-ka airbags. The liphate fana sehokelo tsa lik'homphieutha, hammoho le dithusaleago tse ling ka ho oa matšeliso mopalami.

tlhophiso

Ka taetsano lifofane li arotsoe ka merero ea lehae le sesole. Likarolong tse ka sehloohong ea hlileng a pele a hlomelloa le mopalami kapa thepa lekareche. Ba nka karolo e khōlō ea hare-hare ho sebaka fuselage.

Types of bao e seng ntoa lifofane:

1. Local bajari mopalami. The mefuta e fapaneng ya sefofane bona e pakeng tsa km tse peli le likete tse leshome, 'me sehlopha Intercontinental eu hlola fetang 11 tse sekete km SE.
2. dikai thepa li arotsoe ka le bonolo, e itekanetseng le e matla sehlopha. Ho itšetlehile ka mangolo a, ba ile ba khona ho phetha boima ba lithane tse 10 ho isa ho 40 ba e laela.
3. aircrafts khethehileng. Sebediswa bakeng sa, ka temo, merero ea bohloeki morolo, mollo-ntoa, hammoho le diyuniti teleskopbomlift.
4. Koetliso ea ho phetolo.

diphapano sesole ha ba na e joalo e phutholohile thepa ka hare. Karolo e khōlō ea fuselage sa tšoare tsamaiso ea libetsa, thepa bohlale, mahlaahlela le lithuso tse khethehileng. A karohano ea lebotho la gliders ke sehlopha sa: ea mohlala sesole-lipalangoang, bo-ralitima, lifofane tlhaselo, bombers, reconnaissance.

The sethusathuto sefofaneng itšetlehile ka oa potoloho aerodynamic, ke eona li le thehoa. E tšoauoa ka nomoro le tsa likarolo tsa motheo 'me tokisetso ea ho tšehetsa mahlakore ka. Haeba nko ea lifofane ka boholo ba dikai tšoanang, sebakeng se le le geometry tsa mapheo, mohatla karolong e ka fapana haholo.

Qetellong ea

Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lifofane AN, eo moralo ke mofuta oa moralo oa classic, ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka mopalami le thepa moea lipalangoang. Ka kakaretso, ho na le tse 'maloa merero e aircrafts disebedisweng tse ding. Har'a bona:

1. Classic moralo.
2. Thaepa "fofang lepheo".
3. Tandem moralo.
4. Phetolo ya "letata".
5. E fetohang le ho kopantswe sekemeng.
6. "Tailless".

Pakeng tsa fapana phetolo moralo nodes teng Motors, bokantle, sefofane se tloha / lulisa molao-motheo, hammoho le lebelo le bokgoni entsprechen.