Saense tsa likokoana-hloko

Tsamaiso ea likokoana-hloko saense, a fana ka maikutlo le ho ithuta mefuta e fapaneng ya libōpuoa phelang, sebopeho bona, ntshetsopele, ho sebetsa, ke sebopeho haholo e pharaletse. Mong le e mong lekala la sona le ba phehellang lipakane tsa itseng, hlahloba litokollo tse itseng. Hammoho le sena, saense tsa likokoana-hloko li amana haufi le e mong le e tse ling.

Fapafapana mehaho e loketseng, e seng feela ho tse fapa-fapaneng mefuta e le mefuta e bophelo, empa e boetse e le mefuta e fapaneng ya mekhoa bakeng sa ho ithuta tsona.

Esita le ba boholo-holo entseng saense mantlha tsa likokoana-hloko: bophelo ba liphoofolo, botaniki, human anatomy le physiology. Ka mor'a moo ha thehoa dikarolo joalo e kholo e le (baahi lithuto tsa metsi) hydrobiology le maekoroboiloji (fuputsa microorganisms) thōko ho ea ka maikemisetso a ho ithuta.

From makala kgolo tloha e khethehileng haholo saense tsa likokoana-hloko. Mohlala, ba bophelo ba liphoofolo (lithuto tsa phoofolo) ho kenyeletsa mammalogy hore o ithuta liphoofolo tse anyesang protozoology - protozoa Malacology - morue acarologists - mites entomology - likokoanyana ichthyology - ichthyoids. Botaniki sebopeho na le saense tsa likokoana-hloko tse kang dendrology (ea lifate, lihlahla) bryology (mosses) lichenology (ka boriba), Mycology (ka li-mushroom) le batho ba bang.

Ho na le ke e tebileng ho makala a laea. Kahoo, kabo ea lintho tse ka lihlopha le ho fapafapana bona, ho ithuta hlophisitsoeng tsa likokoana-hloko saense. Taeo ea batlisisa lefatsheng manyolo la kajeno, le tsejoang e le neonatology. Ea saense ea mefuta ea pele ho ea bileng teng ea bophelo e bitswang palaeontology.

Tse ling tse sebakeng seo tlhophiso laea akarelletsa karohano ea liponahatso le thepa ea ho phela. Mohlala, mesebetsi e sa tšoaneng ea lintho tse phelang ho ithuta physiology, lipotso tsa lefutso - liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho boitšoaro ba liphoofolo tse - ethology. Features ya motho ka mong, e lekolang ntshetsopeleng embryology, ka kutloisiso e pharaletseng - ntshetsopele baeloji. Hammoho ka taeo ena e mong le e arologanyediwa ka paka ya ka e itseng ho feta. Mohlala, phetoho, ho ithuta mofuta o, e classified e bapisang, mesebetsing le tse ling tse le liindasteri. Ka nako nang le ho kenella ka hare bobeli le logan moqotetsane saense tse fapa-fapaneng tsa likokoana-hloko, ho theha tlhakantsuke rarahaneng. Mohlala, ho na le liindasteri tse kang histophysiology, cytogenetics, 'me ba bang.

Sebōpeho sa litsamaiso le makala macroscopically ithuta kaheho, nyenyane sebōpeho sa dinama tse nyenyane tse - sobotta, sebōpeho sa motheo seleng e - lisele tse Karyology ka kakaretso - cytology. Leha ho le joalo, Karyology, cytology le sobotta ho phaella ho ho ithuta sebōpeho sa dibopeho tse itseng ho akarelletsa ho ithuta thepa bona skeletal le mesebetsi.

Thutong ea baeloji thōko taeo amanang le tshebediso ya mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea ho ithuta. Mohlala, ho na le Biochemistry fuputsa bophelo tšebetso mekhoa lik'hemik'hale Biophysics theha melao ea tlhaho. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore laea bana ba babeli ba atisa ho lohellana le mong ho e mong, ho sebelisoa hammoho bakeng sa ho ithuta sa ketsahalo e itseng.

A sebaka khethehileng ke taeo e kang biometrics. E thehiloe a sebelisa thuto ea lipalo mokhoa ya data tsa likokoana-hloko e lokisa. Sebelisa indasteri ea fetoha khoneha ho hlalosa le thulaganyo motho le liketsahalo, moralo oa liteko, ho thehoa ha melao ea feta kakaretso likokoana-hloko.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore thutong ea baeloji ke ka tsela e tsoanang bohlokoa bobeli mogopolofela le e sebetsang lithuto. Pele ho dumella ho revolutionize likarolong tse ngata tsa liketso, tse kang botekgeniki kapa liindasteri maekoroboiloji baeloji. Ka nako e tšoanang, indasteri ea tloaelo ea baeloji entša thuto ea tsebo e ncha.