Molaoli Reserve. State Nature Biosphere Reserve

Ka 1741, moruti ea e leeto eteletsoe pele ke Molaoli Vitus Bering, o ne a fumana Islands Molaoli. Ka nako e telele ba ne ba se se nang baahi. Bajaki ba pele ba ile ba qala creoles le Aleuts, ea ileng a qala ho ithuta sehlekehlekeng ka 1825. Kajeno motseng oa Nikolskoye ka Bering Island - Aleut motse, e le 'ngoe feela ka Federation le Serussia.

From historing ea pokello ea

Ka makhetlo a 'muso le Molaoli Islands ne boea bafepedi ho matlotlo a morena. Sa laoleheng tlhokeho bakeng sa liphoofolo e entse hore ho ripitlang batho ba bangata ba liqibi, eo haholo fokotswa linomoro tsa bona. Qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la XIX, mosebetsi o ile a qala ka rookeries tšireletso, le lithibelo pele ka tlhahiso ea litiiso boea le otters leoatle li ne li kenyelletsoa. Laola ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa bona e ile ea amohelehang ka 1911.

Haholo ba ntlafala ka boemo ba mehleng ea Union. Ka 1958 o ile oa thibeloa ho tšoasa litlhapi limaele tse mashome a mararo ho pota lihlekehlekeng. The pokello ea pele le ea bohlokoa lebatowa nile la hlaha lefatšeng lena ka 1980.

Lebitso le "Molaoli National Park" le boemo ba Federal a ileng ae fumana ka April 1993. Ka 2002 o ile a amohela boemo ba "biosphere", e leng tlasa UNESCO tšireletso.

sebaka

Molaoli Reserve e teng ka North Pacific. sebaka sa eona e potapotoeng ka boroa ho Leoatle Bering. Molaoli Islands - ke ka bophirimela pheletsong ea sehlekehlekeng sa Aleutian selikalikoe. Ba ke pinnacle tsa maporogo ka tlas'a metsi le bopilwe sa lihlekehleke tse 15 tsa boholo bo sa tšoaneng.

Kamchatka, Islands Molaoli

Ha e le hantle e freestanding mafika tse nyenyane. Kholo ka ho fetisisa ba bona ba - sehlekehlekeng sa Bering. tlhōrō ea eona phahameng ka ho fetisisa - e lithaba Steller, eo bophahamo ba e limithara tse 755. Hape ho hlokahala hore abelwang karolo ya sehlekehlekeng bohehang ea Koporo. Ke a bataletse 'me tlaase sehlekehleke sena.

Komandorskii-Aleutian selikalikoe entsoe ka lefika ha seretse se chesang. Lihlekehlekeng tsena, mosebetsi ha seretse se chesang e sa e tsitsitseng, 'me litšisinyeho tsa lefatše etsahala hangata ha ho. Sena se thothomele nyenyane (seoelo fihle 5-6).

Reserve "Molaoli": Tlhaloso

O ke Molaoli sehlopha sa lihlekehleke. Sebaka sena se Aleutian (Kamchatka Krai). Ho akarelletsa ho le metsi e lebōpong la leoatle la Bering Leoatle le Leoatle la Pacific. Sebaka kakaretso ea pokello ea - hectars 3.648.679. tšimong ena e kenyeletsa hectars 3.463.300 sebaka leoatle le 185 379 ly naha.

pokello e teng e ka boroa ea sehlekehleke sa Bering. Ho phaella moo, ho nka Arius Stone Island le Koporo Island, tse lokisetsa sehlopha diseke ee ho ea ka bochabela ho Kamchatka.

Molaoli Reserve e arotsoe ka likarolo, e leng se ba sirelelitsoe ka sa tšoaneng likhato:

• sireletswa konokono, moo mesebetsi ea batho e thibetsoe, le ho kenella ha lona ka dithulaganyo tsa tlhaho;
• libaka pafara, e lumelloa ho tšoasa litlhapi e fokolang le leeme mosebetsi moruo.

maemo a klimate

Molaoli Islands ba neledovitoy karolong e ka boroa ho Leoatle Bering. Mona ke ntle pholile lehlabula 'me mariha e batlang e le bonolo. Hoo e ka bang khoeli le khoeli ho na le matsatsi a ha moea o foka ka lihlekehleke le lebelo haholo - km fetang 108 ka hora.

Maikemisetso le mesebetsi ea pokello ea

Ka pokello ea Molaoli o abeloa mesebetsi e itseng:

• ho sireletsa libakeng tse tlhaho le metsi leoatleng haufi le eona, ho boloka boemo tsa tlhaho lintho tsa tlhaho;
• lipatlisiso, taolo ya Chronicle ea tlhaho;
• go baya leitlho ea tikoloho le thuto tikoloho;
• selelekeleng ka naha ea biosphere pokello mekhoa e taolo ya hore u se ke ua timetsa tikoloho le ha e deplete mehlodi ya tsa likokoana-hloko;
• ho kgothaletsa ho sireletswa tsa histori, setso le tsa merabe li lefa.

Ka lebaka la ho se tšoane ha lintho tse phelang tsa limela leoatleng le liphoofolo, metsi bao e seng leqhoa a nakong ea mariha sebaka seo ke sebaka sa ho fepa palo e khōlō ea linonyana metsi, ba teng ha mefuta e kotsing ea ho fela, ka seoelo le tloaelehile haholo tsa linonyana le liphoofolo tse anyesang. Kamchatka sebakeng se nang lekanang ka boleng ea pokello.

dimela

The limela le liphoofolo tsa naha e se akarelletsa mefuta e 383 ea limela vascular le 158 - dimelametsing. Ka Molaoli Islands, ka bochabela moeli oa sebaka seo, moo 93 dimela seoelo jala. Ha ho na meru. Ka nako efe kapa efe ya Commodores busitse tundra. Feela ka linako tse ling li ka fumanoa mona overgrown shrub Rowan le moluoane. Ka tlase ba ba le ntseng le hōla Seswedishe dogwood, luazeleriya recumbent, o motsho crowberry, phyllodoce Aleutian le putsoa.

Joang ka pokello e emela Anemone raznotsvetkovoy, kela viviparous, goldthread tharo-sheeted, horsetail bakeng sa mariha. Anemone raznotsvetkovaya hangata e le bothata ka lebaka la botle ba sona. lipalesa tsena e sa tloaelehang ba atisa ho fediswa ka ho etsa sa lipalesa, ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore dimela ke e chefo.

Ho na le boetse ho na le lihlahla tse ling: Siberia junipere, Honeysuckle le hlaha a ema tupoushkovy jeoang.

Ka makhulo li hōlang sedge dlinnoostistaya, Dactylorhiza spinous, horsetail, geranium pushistotsvetkovaya, iris e setosa, moriri joang bo tortuous.

liphoofolo tse

Reserve molaoli likarolo tse fapa-fapaneng e kholo ea liphoofolo. Ho na le ba ne ba ngolisitsoeng mefuta 25 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, 25 - tlhapi, 213 - linonyana. liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa lefatše, ho na le mefuta e tšeletseng tsa mona. Sena ke sa mink American, e putsoa phokojoe Mednovskiy, ea bohlooho Rat, e khubelu-tšehetsoa vole, ntlo toeba, le likhama. Kaofela ba ahileng Bering Island.

Haholo-holo tsebahalang mofuta pokello sirelelitsoe ke rookeries kholo ea liphoofolo metsing, litau leoatle le karolong e ka leboea litau leoatle. liphoofolo tsena theha kopanetsoeng rookery - likete masihla lebōpong la leoatle.

Litiiso ho matleng a mefuta ea litiiso eared. Sena ke tse ngata ho fetisisa metsing mefuta, tse tlotlisa pokello lefatšeng. Northern litau leoatle (litau) ha ba bakae ka Komandorsky pokello. Bona litiiso - litiiso ke ka seoelo haholo bakeng sa liphoofolo Islands. Ba phela mepopotlo mabopong le mafika ea sehlekehleke seo. Ena phoofolo metsing oa botle bo sa tloaelehang le mohau le 'mala variegated.

Anthurium - jwalo bitsoa sehlekehleke sohle litiiso tsa sehlopha sa liqibi. Ka linako tse ling a liphoofolo a bitsoa "tiiso-lipalesa" ka lebaka la 'mala o sa tloaelehang letlalo: ka sootho kapa lefifi bohlooho semelo sa hasa-hasaneng kgolo mosehla le o mosoeu le likoatipa ka sebōpeho sa masale. Anthurium - liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang, kahoo ba ile ba ba ka tlas'a tšireletso ea naha.

Kamchatka (Russia) e haholo-holo baahi ke lintho tse phelang metsing. Molaoli enoa beaked leruarua, leruarueng, karolong e ka leboea leruarua le leputsoa, 'me ba bang.

Ka Komandorsky Reserve ho sireletsa baahi tloaelehile haholo le leputsoa phokojoe (phokojoe Polar). Bophelo ba liphoofolo tsena e feletseng kotsi le tsietsing ntoa. Hoo e ka bang 40% ea dintsanyana liphokojoe putsoa ba bolaoa. Ba bang ba bona senya theoha majoe a, ba ile ba bolaea libatana tse ling tse tse khōloanyane.

linonyana

Reserve Molaoli - nesting saeteng ya leoatle le metsi linonyana, hammoho le setopong sa waterfowl le waders nakong falla. Phakoe sehlaheng ka lihlekehleke tsena, glaucous-tse nang le mapheo gull, peregrine phakoe, e khubelu-Clitocybe.

Kamehla sehlaheng mona ka bang limilione tse sa linonyana, baemeli ba leshome le metso e robong mefuta. Ho fetisisa ke fulmars, murre tloaelehileng, guillemots ba batsho ba tloaelehileng, hatchets. Fulmars li bitsoa joalo bakeng sa lumela ntle ho mabaka ka: ba sa tšaba batho. hatchets A, kapa lipheletsong bafu, kahoo a bitsoa ka lebaka la ho sebopeho ikhethang le ea molomo, e leng ke tsoana haholo le selepe sa. Ba na le bobeli lebitso la - lipapakhaie leoatle. Nakong ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, 'mala se khanyang ea linonyana tsena e le ho feta hlollang.

Ho ea batla lijo, linonyana tsena li ka qoela ho bolibeng haholo (ho fihlela ho 10 limithara). Ba lula ka tlas'a metsi bakeng sa metsotso e ho fihlela ho tse peli, le tlhapi, ho sa tšoaroa ha a lokolloa. Ba ka nako ka tšoara ka molomo lona ho fihlela ho litlhapi 12.

bohahlauli

Kajeno, palo e khōlō ea baahi-'moho le rōna le baeti ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ba tle ho pokello ea Molaoli oa, ho khahloa ke mofuta o babatsehang oa libaka tsena. Ka pokello ke hlophisitsoe hantle hloa litsela hore thusa ho utloisisa ho se tšoane ea liphoofolo le limela. Litsela matha ka Bering Island le Koporo tloaelane le linonyana le lihlekehlekeng Toporkov le, ary Kamen.

Ho phaella moo, mona o ka bona libaka tsa histori tse buang ka histori ea naha ea rōna. Ka November 1741, moruti ea pakete-sekepe "Saint Peter", e neng e eteletsoe pele ke Molaoli Vitus Bering, o ile a ntšetsoa ka ntle ho mepopotlo mabopong nakong ea sefefo matla.

Lihlekehlekeng, tse neng li hamorao reha Molaoli, fetoha karolo ea Russia, hammoho le Alaska le lihlekehleke tse ling tsohle tsa Aleutian selikalikoe. Le tšoanang ea lehoatata sehlekehleke sohle, e mong ea bitsoang Bering Island, ea e-ba setšabelo sa ho qetela bakeng sa molaoli e moholo le bo-mphato'a hae ba tšepahalang.

Ka 1867, Alaska le Lihlekehleke Aleutian ne rekiswa ho US, 'me feela inaccuracy ka sesupo ya data libaka ka konteraka ya, ho nkoa sehlekehlekeng o ile a lula bakeng sa Russia.

Ka mor'a ho epolloa lintho tse epolotsoeng (1922), e tummeng leeto fihla kampong le ho patoa ho ile ha fumanoa. Ho ile a khanna reburial tsa sehlopha le la Molaoli Bering. Ho tloha ka nako eo, koung Molaoli fetohile motle haholo ho bahahlauli ba batlang ho rapela le sebete Russia bafuputsi ba ho bobeli Kamchatka leeto.

pokello mokgwa wa

Ho sa tsotellehe boemo ba leholimo e sehlōhō e ba ho feta le ho feta a ikemiselitse ho etela Islands Molaoli selemo le selemo. Likhoeling tse molemo ka ho fetisisa ea ho etela libaka tsa tsena ke July, August le September. Kajeno, ka litsela tse 'maloa tse thahasellisang ntshetswa pele ka pokello ena. Ho phaella moo, u ka fumana fetisetsana ho etela rookeries ea liphoofolo tse anyesang metsing. Mona u tla bona palo e khōlō ea liphoofolo le kgona ho etsa Foto haholo.

ho na le

Pele Islands Molaoli ka fihla ka sefofane, helikopthara kapa ke leoatle. From Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky ho Bering Island o tlameha ho hlōla km 735. maeto Marine ka Reserve ho Molaoli o hlophisitse kamehla.

moo ho lula

E le busa, bahahlauli ba lula bakeng sa bosiu le motseng oa Nikolskoye. hangata ha ho, le bahlophisi ba maeto metsi fana tsa bodulo ka liphaposi phutholohile sa likepe.