Litekanyetso li behoa Foromo

The thepa ka sehloohong sa pathogen ea ntaramane le mekhoa ea boitsebahatso.

The moemeli causative ya ntaramane amana le lelapa orthomyxovirus, o ne a pele ka thōko ka 1933 ke bafuputsi ba British WS Smith, sn Andrewes, maq Laidlaw ke intranasal tšoeu ferrets tlhotliloeng lintho tse bonahalang a fumana ho tswa ho bakuli ba ntaramane.

Ka 1940, T. Fransis le T. P. Maqill nosi tsejoa kokoana-hloko ntaramane, tseo tse 'maloa tsa thepa tsa likokoana-hloko e fapaneng ho tloha ea inehetseng ka 1933,' me ka 1947 R. M. Taylor fumanoa haemagglutinating moemeli - "khatello 1233 ", tsejoa e le kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane, empa fapane le likokoana-hloko tse ka thōko ka 1933 le bo-1940. likokoana-hloko tsena li ne li khetholloa ka ho mangolo Latin tsa alfabeta: A, B, C le e mong le e ba tšoanelehang e le serotype ikemetseng.

The orthomyxovirus lelapa ngotsoe livaerase ntaramane feela tšoauoa ke boteng ba shell a le ka ntle le dikahare RNA ka nucleocapsid chitja. Le ka ntle bongata ba kokwanahloko enfelopo glycoprotein na le sebopeho (hemagglutinin - neyraminidazy- H le N), etsa hore a tšoaetsanoang le antigenic thepa ea kokoana-hloko. Gene ea kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane e hahoa ea likarolo 8 of le 'ngoe-tsielehile, le bophara ba chitja ribonucleoprotein ka hare (RNP) ka mefuta e fapaneng 9 NM. likokoana-hloko tse fapaneng A, B, C RNP antigen, e leng ha e tšela liphetoho hara-mofuta.

Hona joale e hlokomela hore orthomyxovirus lelapa na le genera tse peli: kokoana-hloko ntaramane, tse akarelletsang likokoana-hloko e le B, le tlas'a maemo a kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane (S. Ya Gaydamovich, 1982.).

A kokoana-hloko ea emeloang ke serotypes 'maloa le variants antigenic, e fapana ka sebopeho hemagglutinin le neuraminidase. kokoana-hloko ena infects batho le liphoofolo tseo ka bobeli. Ho ea ka tlhophiso e ncha (1980) A kokoana-hloko ea hemagglutinin mefuta lipalo tse fanoeng: 1 ho AND le neuraminidase ho tloha ho 1 ho 8. hemagglutinin 1, 2, 3, NA 1, 2 tšoauoa haholo kokoana-hloko Motho le mefuta e meng ea antigens holim'a ( H le N1) lemoha ka likokoana-hloko hore tšoaetsa liphoofolo tse (lipere, likolobe, likhomo, litšoene, lintja, le mefuta e fapaneng ea linonyana).

Hona joale, ka tlhaloso ya ntaramane A likokoana-hloko hakaalo bontša mofuta oa hemagglutinin le neuraminidase, le litlotla tsa bona hase kamehla tsamaisana nomenclature 1971 lenaneo. 1 e bontša e ncha litlotla hemagglutinin le neuraminidase ntaramane kokoana-hloko nkiloeng ka 1980, ha ho bapisoa le se tšoanang. Batho haemagglutinin EMPA, hemagglutinin H1 le kolobe NSw1 kopanngoa ka hemagglutinin H1, hemagglutinin le batho NT hemagglutinin lipere le likhoho (HAV Neq 2 le ea 7)-ha hemagglutinin NC. LH Smorodintsev et al a (1981) e nkoa e le tlōlo ea molao ho kopana glycoproteins batho le liphoofolo ka ho serotype ngoe.

moemeli e mong oa mofuta ofe kokoana-hloko ntaramane ke kokoana-hloko, e leng ema ho fihlela ka 1979 e ka thoko genus B serotypes ka kokoana-hloko ea ho na le. Ho na le variants antigenic hara serotype.

Rhode kokoana-hloko ntaramane G emela C kokoana-hloko likokoana-hloko tsa genus ena bonyane o ile a ithuta tsa tsohle orthomyxovirus lelapa. WHO Setsebi Group (W. Dowdle, F. Davenport, N. Fukum, 1975) kenyelleditswe kokoana-hloko ena e le "masusu peiso" ho lelapa lena. A tsobotsi bath ya kokoana-hloko ke ho ba teng ha glycoprotein ka khetla ka ntle. Jwalo ka karolo ya kokoana-hloko hase potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale neuraminidase, le hoja ho na le retseptororazrushayuschy potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale (RRE), ka botlalo Otley-aspirants tloha neuraminidase tsebahalang bongata ba kokwanahloko. Kokoana-hloko ea o na le bokgoni tlaase ea tlwaetsa ho Chick lisele tse embryo le litso tse fapa-fapaneng seleng. The amnion chick embryo develops e ka mocheso oa 33 ° C bakeng sa matsatsi a 3-4 ea poloko, le lisele tse khubelu tsa mali ha li agglutinate Guinea kolobe, hampe adsorbed holim'a erythrocyte khoho. Ho qoba elution e potlakileng ea kokoana-hloko ea ka holim 'erythrocyte, ho ke ho hlokahala hore liteko serological hemagglutination beha ka mocheso tlaase.

Ha A le B livaerase tšoauoa ka phetoho antigenic sebopeho tsa ajoa ka vivo, bakeng sa kokoana-hloko antigenic phetoho e-s'o tšoauoa. Neheloa ka 1947, 1974, 1977. likokoana-hloko tse tšoanang.

Ka nepo khethiloeng litekanyetso li behoa foromo (lekform) e tla u thusa hore u sebetsane ka katleho le mefuta e fapaneng ya ntaramane likokoana-hloko. The kgethile litekanyetso li behoa foromo tla u thusa feela ha e kgethile ngaka, eseng ea hao.