Krymskaya mosolotogamaano khopisang tshebetso. Krymskaya tshebetso (1944): matla a le sebopeho mahlakoreng

Hloahloa tsa Crimea ka linako tsohle bakeng sa ea pele ea Serussia Muso 'me hamorao a USSR ke setsi sa mosolotogamaano ka Leoatle le Letšo. Sebelisa ho Crimea ne e le habohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho ntšetsa pele Red Army, 'me ka nako e tšoanang, Hitler o ne a tseba hore haeba fa Hloahloeng, ho felloa ke Leoatle le tsohle le Letšo. Ba bohale bo tšosang ntoa e ile ea etsahala ho feta khoeli le fella ka hore ho hlōloa ha Manazi basireletsi.

pele ho buuoa

Ho tloha qetellong ea 1942 - qalong ea 1943, nakong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea World ho na ne e le phetoho tse khōlō: haeba Red Army ikhula ho ntlha ena, hona joale o tsoela pele khopisang e. Ntoa ea Stalingrad e ne e le tlokotsi eohle ea Wehrmacht kaofela. Lehlabuleng la 1943 ho na le e ne e le ntoa e Lipetsk Bulge, bitsoa histori ea kholo ka ho fetisisa tanka ea ntoeng ha mabotho a Soviet Union maqiti outplayed Manazi a li nka ka mokhatlo oa pincer, ka mor'a moo Puso ea Bonazi e ile ntse ahlotsoeng. Balaoli tlalehela Hitler hore ntšetsa pele ketso sesole fetoha lefeela. Leha ho le joalo, o ile a laela hore ba eme 'me ka sebetsa boemo ba ho fihlela morao tjena.

Crimean tshebetso e ne e le ntsetso-pele ea seo a se finyeletseng e khanyang ea Red Army. Mora Nizhnedneprovsk khopisang bo17 Jeremane lebotho la ba ne ba qabeletsoe ka Crimean hloahloa, ho se na monyetla oa ho replenishment le matlafatso. Ho phaella moo, masole a Soviet Union a khona ho tšoara e foothold iketlile ka sebaka Kerch. Phahame Jeremane taelo ea boela hopotsoa ka ho felloa ke tšepo ka boemo ho ka pele. Mabapi le Crimea, haholo-holo ho balaoli ile a bolela hore ntle le ka monyetla oa ho reinforcements naha ba be moo ka itseng lefu ka ho hanyetsa le ho feta. Hitler ba ne ba sa nahane joalo - o ne a ile a laela hore ho boloka tshireletso ya ntlha ena ea bohlokoa mosolotogamaano. O ile a hlalosa sena ka ho bolela hore ka ketsahalo ea Crimea, Romania le Bulgaria tla khaotsa ho motsoalle le Jeremane. ka taelo ea hore o ile a fuoa, empa seo e ne e le boikutlo bo sa masole a tlwaelehileng tataiso ena le ka kakaretso ho ntoa, ha ba qala ho Crimean Letšolo?

theorists ntoa hangata e bua feela ka ho leka-lekana mabotho a ya mahlakoreng hanyetsanang le mawa a bona, a fana ka maikutlo ka ho e le qalo ea ntoeng ntoeng ka kakaretso, re mpa re bala palo ea thepa ea sesole le boholo ba bo-ralitima-ea.

Ho sa le joalo, lingaka li lumela hore haeba e se ea makhaola-khang, ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho loantša moea. Le seo e ne e le eena ka mahlakore ka bobeli?

The morale ea Red Army

Haeba qalong ea ntoa ba morale masole Union e ne e le ka toka tlaase, ka tsela ea mesebetsi lona, haholo-holo ka mor'a Stalingrad, o hōlileng ka Hoa makatsa hore ebe. Hona joale e ne e le Red Army ntoeng a ka hlōla. Ho phaella ho sena, mabotho a rōna, ho fapana le likhoeli pele tsa ntoa, ba 'nile ba tiile lipelo ka ntoa le taelo ea fumana phihlelo hlokahala. All ena hammoho o re file molemong tletse occupiers ena.

The morale tsa Jeremane-Seromania lebotho la

Qalong ea Ntoa ea II ea mochini Jeremane sesole lona ha le tsejoe hlōloa. lilemo tse ka tlase ho tse peli tse Jeremane o ile a khona ho hapa hoo e ka bang kaofela ha Europe, o ile a tla meeling ea USSR. The morale tsa masole tsa Wehrmacht o ne a le phahameng. Ba ne ba nka ho bona ka bobona le sa hlōloeng. Le ho ea ntoeng le hlahlamang, se re ne re tseba esale pele hore ho tla ba hlōla.

Leha ho le joalo, ho elella bofelong ba 1941, Manazi a ile a qala ho kopana le ho hanyetsa tebileng ntoa tsa Moscow. Nakong kontroperatsii Red Army lahlela bona motseng ho e leng sebaka sa ka holimo ho 200 Km. E ne e le bohloko ho bona ho intša ho lekana ka maemo 'me, botlhokwa go feta, morale bona.

Sena se ile sa lateloa Stalingrad, Kurskaia ea ntoeng le katleho e kholo thibela likepe Leningrad qala Crimean mosolotogamaano khopisang tshebetso. Puso ea Bonazi e ile ba ikhula ho shebaneng tsohle. Ntle le taba ea hore masole ao a Jeremane li ne li hlōla ka bonngoe, ba mpa feela khathetse ke ntoa. Re ne re tla ba tšoara ka, empa ke batho ba haholo, ba ne ba lelapa, e ba ne ba rata 'me a batla ho khutlela lapeng. Ho bona, ntoa ena e ha e sa hlokahala. The morale ne ho lefela.

Makhotla a mekga e. USSR

Crimean tshebetso e fetohile e mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa ka e Moholo ho rata naha Ntoa. The Army Red a emeloa ke:

• 4th Seukraine ka pele, e leng o ile a laela F. I. Tolbuhin. E ne e ena le ho 51st Army tlas'a Ya G. Kreyzera.; 2nd Balebeli Army tlasa G. F. Zaharova; Bo8 Air Army, o ile a laela ka ho T. T. Hryukina le 19 Panzer botseta, qalong e ne e le tlas'a taelo ea I. D. Vasileva, ea neng a ile oa nkeloa sebaka ke IA kako.
• Ikemetseng Mosambik Army, ho ikokobelletsa General AI Eremenko, empa taelo ea 15.04.1944 e ile behoa K. S. Melnika, eo e neng e molefothenente-kakaretso oa lebotho.
• Black Sea Fleet, o ile a laela ka ho Admiral FS Oktyabrsky
• 361-limithara motho radiodivizionom Sevastopol.
• Azov Flotilla, a eteletsoeng pele ke Rear Admiral Gorshkovym S. G.

Makhotla a mekga e. Jeremane, Romania

Defense hapa hloahloeng e ne e le la bo17 la lilemo ea lebotho la Wehrmacht. Ka la 1 May, 1944 e ile a abeloa ho taelo ea General botseta Karl Allmendinger. The Army e ile entsoe 7 Seromania le 5 Jeremane likarohano. Ntlo-khōlō ea ka sehloohong e teng motseng oa Simferopol.

Crimean tshebetso ka lehlakoreng la ka Wehrmacht nakong ea selemo ka 1944 e ne e le tsa mofuta itšireletsa. Lebatoweng itšireletsa leqheka la Wehrmacht ka aroloa likarolo tse 4:

1. North. Taelo ea makhotla a tsena ile sebakeng Dzhankoy, ho ne ho khobokellane le mehloli. Ho na le sebopeho tse peli o ne a tsepamisitse maikutlo:

• 49th Mountain botseta: 50, 111, 336, th Infantry Division, ho 279th Brigade libetsa hlasela;
• 3rd Seromania bapalami ba lipere botseta e entsoeng ka la bo9 bapalami ba lipere, bo10 le likarohano bo19 la lilemo infantry.

2. Bophirimela. Le lebōpo lohle le ho tloha Sevastopol ho Perekopa ne lebela regiments tse peli tsa 9th Seromania bapalami ba lipere Division.

3. East. liketsahalo tse e ile ea etsahala ka Kerch Hloahloeng. Mona sireletsa:

• 5th botseta (73th le 98th infantry karohano, Brigade 191 hlasela ka lithunya);
• 6th bapalami ba lipere le 3rd Mountain Infantry Division Seromania.

4. Afrika. lebōpong le ka tsohle ka boroa ho tloha Sevastopol ho Feodosiya paterola le sireletsa 1st Seromania Mountain botseta.

Ka lebaka leo, mabotho a ne concentrated ka tsela e latelang: ka tsela e ka leboea - 5 likarohano, Kerch - 4 likarohano, boroa le ka bophirimela ho lebōpo la leoatle la Crimea - 3 likarohano.

Crimean tshebetso ile a qala ka ho toba ka joalo metsoako tokisetso ea ntoa.

Ho ba le botsitso ba mabotho a mahlakoreng hanyetsanang

matla	USSR	Jeremane, Romania
batho	462400	195000
Libetsa le likanono	5982	ka 3600
Ditanka le lithunya ba ikhopolang ho propelled	559	215
Jets	1250	148

Ho phaella moo, Red Army ne dintho la 322 tsa thepa tsa Navy. lipalo tsena bontša bohlokoa tlhamiwe bophahamo ba Union Army. Taelo ena e ea Wehrmacht tlalehela Hitler e le hore ho fumana tumello ea ho tloha setseng ka mabotho a se thibela likepe.

merero ea mekga e

Masoviet o ile a bona ka Crimea, 'me haholo-holo ka Sevastopol, botlaaseng khōlō ea Black Sea Fleet. Le ho amohela ntho ena ka tšebeliso ea eona ea Soviet Navy ne e ka ba ho loketseng haholoanyane le ka katleho ho feta phetha ketso tsa leoatle, e neng e hlokahala bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea ka ho eketsehileng tsa masole.

Jeremane e boetse ke hlokomela tsa Crimea ho leka-lekana e akaretsang ea matla. Hitler o ne a tseba hore Crimean khopisang mosolotogamaano tshebetso ka etsa hore tahlehelo ea bridgehead ena ea bohlokoa. Ho feta moo, Adolf hangata e tlalehile ho hloleha ho thibela le Lefubelu Army sebakeng sena. Ho fetisisa ka etsahala hore ebe, a se a ntse a ne a tseba ho felloa ke tšepo ba boemo boo, empa ha a sa ne nahanelwa tse ling. Hitler o ile a fana ka taelo ea hore ho sireletsa hloahloa ho monna ho qetela, haeba leha e le efe, u se ke ua nka hore USSR. O ne a lumela Crimea matla a thibelang entseng selekane le kang Romania, Bulgaria le Turkey tse haufi le Jeremane, 'me tahlehelo ea ntho e, e tla ka tsela e iketsang lebisa ho lahleheloa ke tšehetso ea entseng selekane le.

Kahoo, Crimea ne e le habohlokoa haholo bakeng sa lebotho la Soviet Union. Bakeng sa Jeremane, o ne a bohlokoa.

Qala Crimean khopisang

Red Army leqheka ne tsoa hong maholohali tshusumetso le leboea (ho tloha Syvash le Perekopa) le bochabela (Kerch) lateloa kgothaletsa mosolotogamaano litsi - Simferopol le Sebastopol. Ka mor'a moo, sera sa ba ne ba lokela ho aroha lihlopha tse arohaneng, le ho timetsa, ho thibela ka monyetla oa ho sebakeng seo ho Romania.

La 3 April Union lebotho le leholo, ho sebelisa libetsa hae o boima, ho timetsa liqhobosheane lireng. 7 April, ka shoalane, reconnaissance, eo o ile a tiisa lefelo la mabotho a sera se entsoe. April 8 Crimean tshebetso qala. matsatsi a mabeli tsa masole a Soviet Union ba ne ba le ntoa e mahlo-mafubelu. Ka lebaka la tšireletso ea sera e ne phunyeletsoe. 11 April bo19 la lilemo Panzer botseta a atleha ka leka pele ho inkela Dzhankoy - e mong oa ntlo-khōlō ea mabotho a lireng. Sejeremane le Romania tikoloho ya ho theha ba tšabang ba ile ba qala ho fokotsehe ho tloha ka leboea le ka bochabela (Kerch) ho Simferopol le Sebastopol.

Ka letsatsi le le leng le lebotho la Masoviet le tšoara Kerch, moo libakeng tsohle tse ka ho hlorisoa ha le sera sa ho ikhula ka lifofane. masole a Wehrmacht a qala evacuating ke leoatle, empa mabotho a Black Sea Fleet hlasela evacuees lijana, sephetho le ka Bofasista Selekane mabotho a lahlehetsoe ke batho 8.100.

La 13 April ba ile ba lokolloa motse Simferopol, Feodosia, Saki, Yevpatoria. Letsatsi le hlahlamang - Sudak, letsatsi ka mor'a moo - Alushta. Crimean tshebetso ka Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše e ile ea fela. taba eo e ne e le feela Sevastopol.

monehelo likhukhuni

A sehlooho arohaneng ea moqoqo ke likhukhuni le mesebetsi lenyele ya Crimean. Crimean tshebetso, ka mantsoe a mang, e ne e le bonngoe ba lebotho le likhukhuni ka ho finyella pakane e tšoanang ka eona. Ho ea ka likhakanyo, ho na le e ne e le kakaretso ea batho ba ka bang 4.000. Maikemisetso la mosebetsi oa bona e ne e le ho timetsoa ha morao, ketola, puisano ea sera bulehileng le liporo, liqubu entsoeng litseleng thabeng. The likhukhuni qhetsola sebetsa Yalta koung, e rarahaneng haholo ea sebakeng seo masole a Jeremane le Romania. Ntle le ho nyenyefatsa netefatso sepheo sa mesebetsi ea likhukhuni li ile tsa thibela ho timetsoa ha indasteri, lik'hamphani lipalangoang le bomasepala.

Mona ke mohlala o mong oa e sebetsang mosebetsi likhukhuni. Ka April 11, nakong ea ikhule la bo17 la lilemo Army ea Wehrmacht ka Sevastopol, ea likhukhuni tšoaroa motseng oa Stary Krym, le lebaka hore khaola tseleng ho Retreat.

Kurt Tippelskirch - Kakaretso wa Wehrmacht e - matsatsi a ho qetela tsa lintoa tse hlalositsoeng ka tsela e latelang: ho likhukhuni nakong buuoe li mafolofolo sebelisana le mabotho a Union 'me ho ba thusa.

Sevastopol Sturm

Ka April 15, 1944, masole a Soviet Union a fihla karolong e ka tlaase ka sehloohong - Sevastopol. Litokisetso ba qalile ho hlasela ka. Ka nako eo ke buuoe e ile ea phethoa Odessa, e neng e tšoaroa e le karolo ea Dnieper-Carpathian. Odessa (le Crimean) opereishene, e leng nakong eo e lebōpong ka leboea le ka leboea-bophirimela ho Leoatle le Letšo e se e lokolloa, o ile a etsa monehelo oa bohlokoa ho Tlhōlo ena.

Boiteko ba babeli ba pele ba ho hapa motse oa lekholong la bo19 le la bo23 boa ka ba atleha. Ho qala ho regrouping ba mabotho, hammoho le phepelo ea lijo, mafura le liqhomane.

7 May, ho 10:30, ka tšehetso ea a maholohali a moea, itsohlometsa eaba seterekeng se etselitsoeng qhobosheane ea Sevastopol. Ka la 9, Red Army tloha bochabela, ka leboea le ka boroa-bochabela kena motseng. Sevastopol e lokolotsoe! The mabotho a setseng tsa Wehrmacht qala ho Retreat, empa ka Cape Chersonese ne fihleloa ke la bo19 la lilemo Panzer botseta, moo o ile a nka ntoa ea ho qetela, e leng se ile sa fella ka lebotho la 17-go th ile feletseng robeha, 'me masole a 21 000 (ho akarelletsa le balaoli ba) ba batšoaruoa hammoho bekha thepa le libetsa tse ling.

diphetho

Last Wehrmacht foothold ka le letona-Banka Ukraine, teng ka Crimea, ho sa tsotellehe la bo17 la lilemo Army e ile ea timetsoa. Irretrievably lahlehileng e ne e le ho feta 100,000 Jeremane le Romania masole. The tahlehelo kakaretso ea e-ba masole a 140 likete le balaoli ba ba Wehrmacht.

Bakeng sa Red Army nyamela tšokelo ea tataiso e ka boroa ea ka pele. Ho bile le ho khutla ha Sevastopol - botlaaseng khōlō ea Black Sea Fleet.

Empa ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa - e le hore Soviet Union e ka mor'a hore Crimean tshebetso boela taolo ka Black Sea beisine. Ha e le hantle ena e hlollang sisinyeha ho fihlela le makhabane a sa maemo a Jeremane Bulgaria, Romania le Turkey.

Mesarelo ho fetisisa e tšabehang historing ea sechaba sa habo rōna e XX lekholong la lilemo la - the Great rata naha Ntoa. Crimean tshebetsong, hammoho le ba bang kaofela, ba ne ba liphello tse ntle ka ho qala le maano, empa ka lebaka la likhohlano tsena bolaea ba likete tse makholo 'me ka linako tse ling batho ba limilione ba baahi ba rōna. Crimean khopisang e ne e le bohlokoa mosolotogamaano finyelle pakane ea behiloeng ke taelo ea Soviet Union. Jeremane o ile a nka ka 1941-1942. matsatsi a 250 bakeng sa nkhape tsa Sevastopol. masole a Soviet Union ba ne ba sa matsatsi a 35 ho lokolla kaofela ha hloahloeng Crimean, 5 ba bona ba ne ba lokela ho hlasela Sebastopol. Ka lebaka la tshebetsong le atlehileng. bōpa maemo a molemo ka bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea oa Union mabothong a hlometseng Linaheng Tsa Balkan.