Kursk, 1943. The Battle of Lipetsk

Batho ba, ho lebala tse fetileng tsa bona, ha ho na nakong e tlang. Kahoo hang o ile a bolella ba boholo-holo Segerike rafilosofi Plato. Ka bohareng ba tse lekholo tse fetileng, "le lesometlhano lirephabliki-barali babo rōna ba" kopaneng "Great RUS", o ile a hlōla lefu moloko oa batho - fascism. ea ntoeng ba bohale bo tšosang oa tšoauoa ho ea ka palo ea tlhōlo ea Red Army, e leng e ka bitsoa senotlolo. Sehlooho ea sehlooho sena ke e 'ngoe ea lintoa tsa makhaola-khang tsa Ntoa ea II ea - Lipetsk, e' ngoe ea lintoa tse sa bohlokoa hore tšoaea ho makhoba a ho qetela ya bankoko rona le ba baholo-bankoko mosolotogamaano itsoelang. Ho tloha ka nako eo, occupiers Jeremane o ile a qala ho Smash meeli eohle. The morero motsamao oa shebaneng ka Bophirimela. Ho tloha ka nako eo, Majeremane ba lebetse hore na ho bolela'ng ho "fetisetsa ho East."

tšoana tsa histori

Lipetsk khohlano hlahile 05.07.1943 - 23.08.1943, ho sa letsoalloa naha Russia, e leng moo hang ha tšoaroa thebe hae Grand Prince Alexander Nevsky. ba ela hloko temoso ea hae ea boprofeta ho bahlōli Bophirimela (ea ileng a re ka sabole a) ka timetso e haufi ea onslaught Russia ho kopana le sabole + tsa bona hang hape bile le phello ea eona. Characteristically, ho Lipetsk ntho e kang ntoa ea, sena Prince Alexander ea Teutonic Knights ka Lake Peipus 05.04.1242 selemo. Ya e le hantle, mabotho incommensurable, ho pharalla le nako ea lintoa tsena tse peli. Empa boemo ba lintoa tse peli tse ka ntho e 'ngoe ka tsela e tšoanang: mabotho a se seholo sa Majeremane o ile a leka ho senya ka ho odara bohareng la ntoa Russia, empa li ne li e sithabetseng offensives flanks.

Haeba, leha ho le joalo, boiteko pragmatic ho bua seo e ikhethang Kursk, ka kakaretso e tjena: e ikhethang historing (pele le ka mor'a) le segokanyipalo sa tshebetso le e etsoang ka maqiti ka 1 km le ea pele.

Boikutlo ba ntoeng

The khopisang ba Red Army mor'a Ntoa ea Stalingrad ho tloha November 1942 ho March 1943 o ne a tsebahala ka ho hlōloa ha taelo sera sa 100 likarohano, lahliloeng tloha North Caucasus, ho Don, ea Volga. Empa ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea tse baketsweng ke lehlakoreng la rōna ho e le qalo ea selemo 1943, pele tsitsisoa. Mapa oa loana e bohareng ba moleng pele khahlanong le Majeremane, ka tataiso ea lebotho la Hitler, ema protrusions hore sesole o ile a fana ka lebitso la Lipetsk Bulge. 1943rd selemo tlisa lull ho pele: e mong ha a tle mabotho, mahlakore ka bobeli ho matlafalitse bokella hape ho inkela itsoelang mosolotogamaano.

Ba lokisetsa ho ea Jeremane ea Bonazi

Ka mor'a ho hlōloa ha Stalingrad, Hitler o ile a phatlalatsa rotloetsa le, e fella ka hore ho Wehrmacht hōla ho feta koala tahlehelo bona. "Tlas'a sethunya sa" e ne e le limilione tse 9.5 go (milione ho akarelletsa le pokello 2.3). 75% ya ho fetisisa ntoa-loketse mabotho a itšoarang ka (batho ba limilione tse 5.3 go) li ne li le ka pele ea Soviet Union-Sejeremane.

The Führer ne a labalabela ho khaoletsa itsoelang mosolotogamaano ntoeng. Ho reteleha ntlha, ho ea ka ho eena, o ne a lokela ho etsahala hantle ka karolo ka pele, moo Lipetsk Bulge. mosolotogamaano opereishene "Citadel" e se e ntshetswa pele bakeng sa moralo la lere la Wehrmacht. morero oa ho akarelletsa ho sebelisa melao converging ke Lipetsk lichapo (ho tloha ka leboea - ho tloha seterekeng sa Orel, ho tloha ka boroa - ho tloha seterekeng sa Belgorod). The "pitsa" kahoo a sa Voronezh le shebaneng Central.

Ke tshebetso ena ka karolo ena ka pele 50 tsepamisitse likarohano ho akarelletsa 16 tanka le motorized, e leng kakaretso ea dinomoaro kgethile mabotho a milione 0,9 ka botlalo staffed; 2,7 likete ditanka .; 2,5 likete lifofane .; 10 sekete. Likanono le lithunya.

sehlopha sena haholo-holo e ne e le phetoho ea ho sebelisa libetsa tse ncha: ditanka "Panther" le "Tiger" hlasela ka lithunya "Ferdinand".

Boemo ba taelo Union

Ka ba lokisetsa ho ea mabotho a Union ntoeng lokela ho babatsoa boeta-pele ba talenta Motlatsi Phahameng Molaoli G. K. Zhukova. O, hammoho le ka Sehloohong la General Staff A. M. Vasilevskim tlalehile ho Ea Holimo-limo Molaoli tlhahiso ho Stalin hore Lipetsk tla ba nakong e tlang saeteng ka sehloohong ea ntoa, hammoho le ho hakanyetsoa a bolela esale pele ho tla ha e le sera sa lebotho la khomo.

Moleng pel'a Manazi hanyetsa Voronezh (molaoli - General Vatutin N. F.) le Central Front (molaoli - General Rokossovsky KK) palo yohle ya batho ba limilione tse 1,34. armament bona e le oa likanono 19 sekete le lithunya .; 3.4 likete ditanka .; 2,5, th. Aircrafts. (Ha u ntse u ka bona, molemo e ne e le ka lehlakoreng la bona). Lekunutu le ka mor'a shebaneng sera sa ho tse thathamisitsoeng teng standby e steppe Front (laetse I. S. Konev). E ne e ena le ka tanka, lifofane le mabotho a tšimo tse hlano, eketswa ke meaho ka bomong.

Control le hokahanngoe tsa sehlopha sena o atlehe ka bouena G. K. Zhukovym le A. M. Vasilevskim.

E etsoang ka maqiti na mwango ya ea ntoeng

ma mwango Marshal Zhukov o nahana hore ntoa ka Lipetsk Salient tla ba le mekhahlelo e 'meli. Pele - tshireletso, bobeli - the khopisang.

Ho ile a hlomelloa le foothold le ka botebo (300 km le tebileng). Bolelele kakaretso ea liforo lona hoo e ka bang lekanang le hole "Moscow - Khabarovsk". O 8 mela e matla ea tshireletso o ile a fana. Sepheo sa jwalo tshireletso ne ho fokolisa sera, ho amoha mo le ho itsoelang ho, e le kamoo ho ka khonehang ho bebofatsa mosebetsi oa tla. Ka mohato oa bobeli oa ntoa khopisang rera ho kenya tshebetsong le offensives tse peli. Pele: "Kutuzov" tshebetso ho felisa lihlopha tsa Bofasista le ho lokolloa ha motse oa "Eagle". Ea bobeli, e "Rumyantsev" ho timetsa Belgorod-Kharkov khomo khomo occupiers.

Kahoo, ka ho sebelisa monyetla sebele Red Army Battle of Lipetsk hlahile Union lehlakoreng "la itšireletsa." Bakeng sa bohato khopisa, e rutoang maqiti hlokahala ka makhetlo a mabeli kapa a mararo phahametse palo ea mabotho a.

liqhomane

Ho joalo etsahala hore khopisang mabotho a Manazi o ne a tsejoa esale pele. Bosiung ba baenjiniere ba Jeremane ba ile ba qala litemana prodelyvat ka minefields. Union frontline bohlale tlameletsoe ba loantša 'me ba nka batšoaruoa. From "lipuo" ile a tsejoa ka nako: 3-00 ea 07.05.1943

karabo e ne e le ka potlako le e lekaneng: The 2-20 07/05/1943, ho Marshal Rokossovskim K. K. (molaoli oa Central Front), ka tumello ea Motlatsi Phahameng Molaoli G. K. Zhukova qobelle frontline libetsa ile a khanna e thibelang e matla liqhomane. E ne e le popontshwa ka maqiti a ntoa. Ho latela bafutuhi ba ne ba ntse thunya tse makholo "Katyusha", 600 lithunya, 460 likanono. Bakeng sa Manazi e ne e makatsa ka ho feletseng, ba ile ba utloisoa bohloko ke tahlehelo.

regrouping 4-30 feela, ba ile ba khona ho tšoara libetsa tsa lona ho lokisetsa, 'me 5-30 ho nka khopisang. Ntoa ea Lipetsk qala.

Ho qaleha ha ntoa

'Nete hore hase bohle ba ka bolela esale pele balaoli rona. Ka ho khetheha, 'me basebetsi ba kakaretso,' me ka tekanyo lebeletsoe a raha-raha Manazi ka sehloohong tataiso e ka boroa, e leng motse Eagle (e leng ho sireletsa bohareng molaoli pele - General Vatutin N. F.). Ha e le hantle, Ntoa ea Lipetsk ka lehlakoreng la mabotho a Jeremane e ile a totobatsa ka Voronezh Front, ho tloha ka leboea. Ka lihlopha tsa masole a General Vatutina Nikolaya Fedorovicha fallela battalions tse peli tsa litanka boima 'me ba robeli likarohano armored, Karolo ea lithunya hlasela, e mong motorized karohano. Ka karolong e qalang ea ntoeng e ne e le lekhetlo la pele Helo motse Cherkassy (hoo e ka bang ea heletsoa fatše), moo ba babeli likarohano Union sethunya nakong ea matsatsi a thibile likarohano sera sa tlhaselo tse hlano.

The maqiti ea khopisang Jeremane

Martial bonono ke e ntle, sena Ntoa e Moholo. Kurskaya Duga botlalo bontša khohlano pakeng tsa mawa ba babeli. Ho ne ho bonahala joaloka khopisang Jeremane? Pele ea pele ea tlhaselo e ile fallela mechine e meholo: 15-20 ditanka "Tiger" le lithunya ba ikhopolang ho propelled "Ferdinand". Ka mor'a bona lateloa ke mashome a mahlano ho tse makholo a ditanka mahareng "Panther", lateloa ke infantry ena. Akhetse morao, ba ile ba beileng ka ditlhopha le pheta tlhaselo. Litlhaselo tsa tšoana tides, latelang le leng e 'ngoe.

Latela keletso ea rahistori tsebahalang sesole, Marshal ea Soviet Union, Moprofesa Zaharova Matveya Vasilevicha, a re ke re ke ua idealize tshireletso rona sampole ea 1943 e tla beha ho tsoa e hlaphohileng.

Re na le ho bua ka maqiti a sa Jeremane tanka ntoeng. Kurskaya Duga (e lokela ho a hlokomela) o ile a bontša tsebo ea ho Colonel Kakaretso Hermann Hoth, o ile "Mojuda", haeba ke 'na ba re ho joalo ka ditanka ka, e hlahiswa lebotho la lona 4th ntoeng. Ka nako e tšoanang, lebotho la rona bo40 le litanka 237, a hlomelloa ka ho fetisisa le libetsa (35.4 diyuniti ka 1 km), tlas'a taelo ea General Kirilla Semenovicha Moskalenko ne tse ling tse ngata ka ho le letšehali, ke hore,, tsoa mosebetsing. Hanyetsa kakaretso Gotu 6th Balebeli Army (molaoli IM Chistyakov) ne segokanyipalo sa tsa lithunya ka 1 km SE - 24,4 ka ditanka 135. Haholo-holo bakeng sa Army 6th, se matla ka ho fetisisa, le tlohele tshusumetso ya Army Group "South", eo sehlopha e ne e le ho fetisisa le talenta strategist Wehrmacht Erich av Manstein. (By ba le tseleng, monna enoa ke e mong oa ba seng bakae ba a lula a pheha khang ea ka leqheka le maqiti a ea Adolf Hitler, e leng seo ka 1944, ha e le hantle, o ne a leleka).

Tanka ntoa ea Prokhorovka

Ka boemo jwale thata, ho felisa khefu, e Red Army ne kenngoa ketso mehloli mosolotogamaano: 5th Balebeli Tank Army (molaoli Rotmistrov PA) le 5th Balebeli Army (molaoli Zhadov A. S.)

Ka monyetla oa ho e lehlakoreng tlhaselo ea Soviet Union tanka lebotho la motseng oa Prokhorovka sebakeng neng ho nkoa ke Jeremane General Staff. Ka lebaka leo, lihlopha 'Totenkopf "le" Imperial "bohloko tataiso e ile ea fetoha ho 90 ⁰ - bakeng sa thulana hlooho-pele le lebotho la General Rotmistrova Pavla Alekseevicha.

Ditanka ka Lipetsk Bulge: lehlakoreng Jeremane ntoeng ne 700 ntoa makoloi, le rona - 850. The tsotehang le tšabehang setshwantsho. Jwalo hopola ke lipaki, molumo o lerata e ne e le joalo le hore mali a phalla ho tsoa litsebe tsa hae. Thunyana ne e setopong, leo o putlama tora. Ke kena sera ho tloha ka morao 'me ba ile ba leka ho leleka ka ditanka, ho tloha eo ditanka ho le khanyelitse lirumula. Likepe tsa oli ne e le haeba ka prostration - ntse e phela, o ile a tlameha ho loana. Ho Retreat, ho ne ho ke ke ha khoneha ho pata.

Red Army ka Ntoa ea Prokhorovka, bontsha heroism, leha ho le joalo ile a utloa bohloko ba tahlehelo e khōlō, ho ena le ho Sejeremane. Lewa 18 le la 29 Panzer botseta e ile ea timetsoa liphesente tse mashome a supileng.

Ha re bua ka ho lahleheloa ke shebaneng le ka Ntoa ea Kursk, ho Voronezh, steppe le shebaneng Central lahlehileng batho 177,8 likete, ho akarelletsa le tse fetang 70 tse sekete - .. le Shoeleng. Voronezh Front Hape o ne a "hacked" botebo kaofela. Ho latela boitsebiso bo amohetsweng ke bo-rahistori, tahlehelo Jeremane ea e-ba e fetang hanyenyane ea 20% ea rōna.

Mokhahlelo oa bobeli oa buuoe

Ananelang 35 km le utloisoa bohloko ke tahlehelo bohlokoa, Majeremane a hlokomela hore ho lula ke foothold hlōloe ke ke, 'me motse o ile oa qala 16.07.1943 lieha mabotho. Voronezh le shebaneng steppe fallela ka tlhaselo positional le tsosolositsoeng moleng o ka pele. The General Staff le sekhahla (re lokela ho lefa sethabathaba) subtly tšoaroa le "motsotso oa 'nete"' me a kena ka pokello ntoa.

Ka tšohanyetso Majeremane "foreshe" 08/03/1943 Bryansk Front o ile a susumelletseha ho khopisa ba, tshehetswa ke mabotho a tloha flanks tsa steppe le shebaneng Central. 08/05/1943, ka mor'a ntoa e boima ho Bryansk Front ile lokolloa Orel le Belgorod steppe. Ho lokolloa ha Kharkiv 23.08.1943 Lipetsk tshebetso e ile ea phethoa. Map ntoa ena e akarelletsa ho itšireletsa mohato (05-23.07.1943 g); Orlovskuyu tshebetso ( "Kutuzov") 12.07-18.08.1943 g.; Belgorod-Kharkov tshebetso ( "Rumyantsev") ba 03-23.08.1943

bofello

Ka mor'a tlhōlo ea Red Army fetela ho Wehrmacht ka Ntoa ea Lipetsk itsoelang mosolotogamaano qetella a fetile ho Red Army. Ka hona, ntoa ena e bitsoa phetoho e khōlō ka Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše.

Ya e le hantle, ho hlasela sera sa ka karolong e qalang ea tshebetso e ne e se bohlale (ha tshireletso re utloisoa bohloko ke ho lahleheloa ke e 'ngoe ka tse hlano, se neng se tla ba ba holim' ketsahalo e sa?!). Ka nako e tšoanang masole a Soviet Union ka tšimo ea ntoa e se e bontšitse heroism 'nete. 100 000 le batho ba 'nile ba fuoa litaelo tsa le likhau,' me ba 180 ba ile ba fuoa ho Hero oa phahameng boemo bo tlaase la Soviet Union.

Mehleng ea rōna, ha letsatsi la kabo ea mangolo hae - la 23 August - selemo le kopana le baahi ba naha e le Letsatsi la khanya ea sesole sa Russia.