Koporo nitrate: litšobotsi tse ditirisanommogo nang le boleng

Poleloana e reng "nitrate" bolela letsoai k'hemistri tsebahalang nitric acid e, e kenyelletsa ditokiseletso e hlonamisitsoe qosoa karolo NO3. Ka diminerale le temo e ntse hangata haholo sebediswa nitrates tse ling tlotla - "nitrate", empa mona e butle-butle nkeloa sebaka ke lebitso la saense e eketsehileng ka lokafatsoang.

Hlahloba motheo thepa lik'hemik'hale ea nitrates, e, pele ho tsohle, hlokomela hore ba ile ba ba thehoa ke itšoara acid e nitric le oxides, letsoai le, 'me hangata ho feta, le tšepe. Ka kamoreng maemo a mocheso haholo nitrates tsohle tse manganga haholo, empa ha mocheso o phahama ho 200-6000 ° C, ba qala ho qhibiliha, butle-butle a bolang ka metsoako.

Ka tsela eo, seo ka seo likarolo bola nitrates, ka ahloloa ka hore na sebaka ba na le ka motlakase ya letoto la khatello ea kelello tšepe. Ka ho khetheha, kaofela ha nitrates, e leng ke li bole kapele 'hlahisa nitrites le limolek'hule tsa oksijene, na le lirafshoa tse ka ho le letsehali ea magnesium (mohlala, lithium, barium, aluminium, cobalt). Tseo nitrates, e leng bola ho theha oxides naetrojene le tšepe, 'me oksijene ea letoto la lihlooho tse motlakase ya di lokisetsa ka karohano ho tloha magnesium ho koporo.

Koporo nitrate itshwara ka tsela e khethehileng: oksijene nakong li bole kapele 'ea eona ha a lokolloa,' me thehoa bivalent oxide e koporo le naetrojene dioxide. Le, ka mohlala, e le tharollo ea nitrate le silevera ea bola ka mocheso oa "feela" 1700 ° C, se totobatsa ha feela e hloekileng oksijene ho tetravalent oxide e naetrojene, empa hape molek'hule kotloloho silevera.

Hape habohlokoa ho hlokomela ke hore ka ho feletseng nitrate tsohle ke oxidant matla, 'me ke boemong o tiileng. Empa ka tharollo ba lahleheloa ke thepa ea bona oxidative, a fapaneng ka tsela eo ho tswa ho acid e nitric tšoanang.

Se ba boholo-holo ba 'nile ba hlokomela hore nitric acid e letsoai' me ka holim'a tsohle, nitrates ke menontsha babatsehang, e na le matla a ho tsosolosa tsoalo mobu. Hamorao, karolo e khōlō ea nitrate le ne le sebelisetsoa ho etsa liqhomane le lithethefatsi.

A karolo ea khethehileng e leng har'a nitrates tsa nitrate koporo.

Koporo nitrate (cu (NO3) 2) e emela e rarahaneng inorganic ntho ka sebopeho le lik'hemik'hale bona thepa e amanang le matsoai koporo le asiti nitric. The thepa meleng nitrate koporo ke o tiileng ka lekhoakhoa kristale, hantle qhibilihang ka har'a ka metsi 'me ba bangata ditharollo tse ling (mohlala, ethanol, mokelikeli ammonia, ethyl ea acetate). Ka nako e tšoanang e le a 'maloa a letsoai tse ling tsa acid e nitric, koporo nitrate monyang mongobo ya ho theha e itseng kristale lefifi' mala o boputsoa, e leng se hasana moeeng le phahameng mongobo e lekanyelitsoeng.

Lik'hemik'hale thepa ea nitrate amanang, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e le hore molare boima ba koporo - kamehla le ho lekana ho ea ho 64 g, / Mol, le basebetsi ba bang - le bokhoni ba nitrate koporo ho monya mongobo, ka tsela eo, tse fetolang le lebitso la eona (nitrate - trihydrate - hexahydrate), 'me thepa ea bona. Kahoo, ho etsa mohlala, anhydrous koporo hydrate e bole ka mocheso oa 1700 ° C le trihydrate - se a ntse a 1200 ° C.

Molare boima ba koporo e boetse ke habohlokoa hore le mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho fumana anhydrous koporo nitrate ke tswakana ea limolek'hule koporo le tetravalent oxide e le tsa koporo. E lokela ho jere hopola hore koporo nitrate ke ntho ena le nang le chefo e, kahoo o fana ka tlhahiso ea eona le polokelo e lokela ho ba ho latela ditlhoko tsohle tsa motheo tsa melao ea tsamaiso polokeho. Ka ho khetheha, ho hlokahala hore u tšohe hore ntho ena e sa a lera ka mucous kapa letlalo la motho, e leng kamoo tabeng ena, ho na le ho teneha, e leng ho ka etsa hore mafu a sa tšoaneng.

Ka tsela eo, hoo e ka bang nitrates tsohle bakela tsena kapa diso tse ling tsa letlalo. Ka mohlala, e tšoanang le silevera ea nitrate tharollo a kopana le letlalo batho e etsa hore ponahalo ea matheba e ntšo, 'me haeba e tšoare nako e lekaneng, ho ka fella ka hore ba chesa ka.