Kereke ea Deposition ea Robe (Moscow Kremlin): tlhaloso, histori le e thahasellisang lintlha tse

Kereke ea Deposition ea Robe ka Moscow hlaha ka nako ya histori Russia, ha Orthodox Bokreste phetoho ho intša, e ikemetseng ea Byzantium ntshetsopele. Haufi le bofelo ba mehleng ea khathatsehile, 'me naha e ile ea qala e le ho potoloha o mocha oa histori ea eona.

tšōmo

Kereke ea Deposition ea Robe (Moscow Kremlin) o ile a inehetseng ka taelo ea kereke ea pele Russia Orthodox, Metropolitan Jonase ka 1451 ho ikhopotsa mohlolo ileng sa etsahala. selemong sena sa Tartar se sengata haholo Mazowsze a ema haufi le Moscow toropo e se e timetsoa ka mollo, 'me mabota a Kremlin tseko ke mabotho a lireng. Baahi ba ile ba maemong a ho itšireletsa, ka loana ntoa le haufi, oela tlasa metsu ea sera. Ha a ntse a ho na le e ne e le ntoa e, Metropolitan Jonase o ile a etsa mokoloko ho pota marako a motse, ka tieo ho rapela bakeng sa poloko ea Moscow tloha bafutuhi.

Ho ea ka tšōmo, nakong ea thapelo ea Jonase o ile a kopana ho itšoara ka thata Chudov Monastery Anthony le mo kōpa hore a rapelle motse, 'me baahi ba seo monna-moholo o ile a re ka mohlolo bolokoa Moscow le tla ba ntoeng ena feela e mong a bolaoa - Antony boeena. Le ile a bolela hore, monna-moholo hang-hang a itihela hlajoa ke motsu. Ke mantsiboea, bahlaseli ikhula ho tswa ho marako, le baahi le Metropolitan o ile a rapela bosiu kaofela, a lokisetsa ntoa ea makhaola-khang. Ha mafube a hlaha, ho ile ha fumaneha hore ho Tatar se sengata haholo ho tatela baleha ntoeng, ba siea le loot tsohle.

e ne e le hore na hore na ke hobane'ng sefofane - e sa tsejoeng, bo-rasaense ba lumela hore Mazovia amohetse tlhahisoleseding efe kapa efe eo ho eona e ka etsa qeto ea hore ntoeng e se nang thuso, 'me mohlomong sa utloahale lebaka la ho tsaba ile a hlōla lebotho la tsohle,' me, ho tlohela phofu tsa bona, ba ile ba ikhula ho sebaka ntoa. Ha e le hantle ena e se e etsahetse tlas'a marako Kremlin le lebotho la Batu Khan. Metropolitan Jonase a nahana hore mohlolo oa Molimo bolokoa motse le naheng tšenyehong le oa polao.

Toro oa kereke Lejoe

Ho ea ka litokomane tsa ba bang, le Metropolitan jareteng ka Kremlin ea Cathedral Square e ile ea hahoa ka nako e telele. Ka selemo sa ha a hlasela kereke Mazovia ne a se a hahile, empa ho se ba inehetseng. Ka mor'a ho pholosa ka mohlolo ea Jonase etsa qeto ea ho ntshwaela tempele ho tlotla letsatsi la phomolo, e leng ne a pholoha. Sena ke kamoo kereke ea Deposition ea Robe (Moscow Kremlin). Moaho pele e ne e entsoe ka lehong 'me a ema ka e ka tlaase phahameng, moo, ho ea ka tloaelo ea boholo-holo, a' na a polokelo ea matlotlo Metropolitan le matlotlo a mang.

Temple ema ho fihlela 1479 'me a shoa ka mollo o moholo. Re etsa qeto ea ho hlasimolla tempelaneng ke se a ntse a lejoe incarnation, eo memeloa benghali ba tloha Pskov, eo e atleha 'me ka neano ea kaho lejoe. Gang eteletsoe pele ke Ivan Krivtsov le Myshkin. Neano ea haha matlo Lejoe ka nako eo ka Russia ba ntse bo mpefala ka mor'a lilemo tse makholo tsa puso ea Mamongolia - feela fumana ka Pskov benghali.

Ba ba ile ba laeloa hore ba hahe e seng feela e le tempele ea Deposition ea Robe ka Cathedral Square tsa Moscow Kremlin, empa hape ho haha cathedrals maloa tekanyo e haholo e kholoanyane. E mong oa bona, e leng nkuwa, ba lopolloa, empa a bolaea marulelong. Ka matsatsi le e bolelloa hore "ho na le e ne e le lekoala moholo," e leng ile sa etsa hore timetso e, joale ke ha ho hlake. Bakoang ke litsebi li ile ea tlaleha hore le lebaka la ho e ne e le tharollo e tlase boleng e sebelisoa ho haha, e le sekasekale ne nepahetse, histori e etsetsoang ka pelong.

Pskov tselaneng

Kahoo, ho ile ha etsahala hore etsa hore ho nkuwa Cathedral hahiloeng ke Tsar Ivan III ea Setaliana meralo Aristotle Fioravanti, le ntlafatso ho eketsehileng tsa libini meralo le ntse a iteta sefuba ho beha Myshkin le Krivtsov.

mesebetsi ea bona ba eketsehile ho Annunciation Cathedral le Kereke ea Deposition ea Robe (Moscow Kremlin), e ile ea e-ba kereke lapeng la Russia Bapatriareka. Ho lumeloa hore Pskov benghali, ho ea ka molao oa nako ea hae, e-ba barutuoa ba meralo Setaliana le alima yohle ya tsebo, ho atolosa thoto ea bona. Jwalo ka ha e le hantle etsahetseng - e sa tsejoeng, ho na le feela tlhahiso, ke hobane'ng ha basebetsi setseng sa fuoe kotlo, 'me mosebetsi oa kaho oa ka ho eketsehileng a tšepetsoe, empa pale ea e tsoetseng pele.

Tempele ea Deposition ea Robe ka Moscow Kremlin ile inehetseng ka August 1486. Ntlo-kereke e ne e le sebaka sa thapelo ea bapatriareka ho theosa ho ea litlelase tsa terone ea baruti ke Mopatriareka Nikon. Matsatsing ao ho e ne e bitsoa "ntlo Vladychnaya" ho fetoha ka hare ho ne ho amana le lekhotla le ile la ea bapatriareka, amohetse "dithsebeletso" morena ea kereke ho batho ba ka sekhurumetso sa kereke Kremlin Rizopolozhensky.

penta sebeletsa tempeleng

Khahlanong le semelo sa dibopeho tse setseng tsa kereke Kremlin Cathedral Square kajeno shebahala nyenyane le bobebe, empa qalong ea Orthodox ea Russia, o ne a mohlomong kereke e khōlō ea naha eohle. Moralo ka hare e nehetsoeng ho mokete le tlotlisoeng ha 'Mè oa Molimo.

The frescoes ea phahameng ka ho e ka holimo e bontša bophelong ba Moroetsana, e ka tlaase tse peli tiers nehetsoeng ho Virgin Akathist. Penta a ileng ae etsa ea borena letšoao-painters - Osipov le Borisov, 'me tempele e ka sehloohong ea ka setšoantšo sa "Lady Our ea tsamaisa ea Robe" o ne a penta ka e tummeng letšoao pentiloeng Nazaire Istomin (XVII lekholong la lilemo la).

Ho Kereke ea Deposition ea Robe (Moscow Kremlin) ka XVII lekholong la lilemo la ka lehlakoreng boroa e haufi ntlo ea thapelo ea neheloa Pechersk Icon tsa Theotokos, eo e ntse e tsoela lethathamo la letšoao mohlolo, entsweng ho ya ka ka Lavra Kiev-Pechersk. aekhoneng e ne e nkoa e le mosireletsi oa archdiocese Serussia le ne a tsamaea le bapatriareka ba kereke ea Kiev, pele ho Vladimir 'me hamorao ho Moscow.

The Tsar oa kereke ntlo

Ka makhetlo a tletseng likhathatso jareteng ea bapatriareka chesa lintho tse ngata nakong ea mollo. Nikon tlile khōlō kaho lekhotleng la Boris Godunov, hlahisa ho eena ka Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, eo e hlomelloa e ncha kereke lapeng. Kahoo Deposition kereke ea Robe ka Kremlin fallela lelapa la borena. Le likamore tsa lona naha amanang le la gallery, le lethathamo la Pechersk Icon ea Mother mora kahong ea Terem Palace hlaha ka pel'a lifensetere tsa likamore Mofumahali. Lethathamong le ka ne a lahlehile ka mor'a phetohelo ea, hammoho le ntlo ea thapelo, ha etsoa le pharaletseng mosebetsi oa tsosoloso.

History of Deposition ea Robe kereke ka Moscow Kremlin le tletse ka liketsahalo tse ngata a ileng a se mollo 'ngoe, hobe le ho feta eo e hlahile ka 1737, ha a senyehileng, esita le ho Tsar Bell. Ka 1917, ho Kremlin ile thunya ho tloha libetsa, 'me kereke e ile ea senyeha hampe. E tsosolositsoeng le e tsosolosoa ka makhetlo a batho ba bangata kamoo ho na le ba timetsoa, empa ba bangata ba tlhokomelo ile a tsepamisa maikutlo ho hlaha ka ntle, ho penta ka hare ho pheta-pheta hlalosa, a sebelisa e ncha.

mehaho

Kajeno, tempele e teng ka Deposition ea Robe Cathedral Square ka Kremlin ha a molemo haholo ho eena hore a beha le bapile ka lehlakoreng le Faceted Moifo, Terem Palace le Cathedral of khopolo ena. Khahlanong le semelo sa mehaho ena kereke ke hoo e ka bang sa bonahaleng, leha ho le joalo lilemo hae fetang mehaho e meng e hlollang.

Kereke e bua ka meaho ea neano ea sefapano. E entsoe ka setene, tseo lilemong tsa bo-XV qala ho nka sebaka sa pele e neng e ka tloaeleha tšoeu lejoe. ka mahlakoreng 'ohle a mane a tempele ke karohano likarolo tse tharo, pele joalo karohano a bitsoa terata. A tsobotsi khethehileng ke hore terata bohareng ea kereke le lintho tse ngata mahlakoreng fetang tse peli. Ka holimo e mong le e leboteng terata e phethoeng emela keel ea setso zakomars Russia mehaho (khoro). Aletare + protrusions lehlakoreng le ka ntle e le tsona arohane likoto tse tharo semicircular.

Kereke ea Deposition ea Robe ka Moscow Kremlin - e domed kereke ka Dome helmete e bōpehileng joaloka, surmounted ke leseli cupola moqomo. Dome ea moqomo e khabisitsoeng ka mekhabiso e khethehileng ea mongoli frieze, o bua ka leboea ea sekolong Pskov tsa mehaho Serussia. litene li beha mekhabiso - hanele, begunets.

Jewellery le lintlha

Karolong e ka bochabela ea tempele e fumaneha bakeng sa ho hlahloba tsoa Cathedral Square. The apse bohareng ea leboteng 'a aletare e sa hlokomeleheng ho feta lehlakoreng tse peli, tsesaane, ka lebaka la ho litempele mohaho meralo ea sefapano. Pota pherimitha ea tempele e teng holim'a frieze le khabisitsoeng le, e leng o sebeletsa e le pontso ea Russia mehaho kereke ya nako pele.

Elevations karolong e ka tlaase khabisitsoeng seka-litšiea, tse kopana boemo e ka holimo, ba pheta-pheta tsa paterone keeled zakomaras. Tharo mabota tsa kereke bonahalang niches tebang oo diaekhone tse ba ne ba a bonahatsa pejana. Hona joale a lula a fresco le 'ngoe feela ea tse lekholo tse XVII ka kene lekokong ka leboea, ho ile ha sibolloa nakong mosebetsi oa tsosoloso, ka 1996, ho tšoantšetsa Patronal Mokete - boemo ba seaparo sa Virgin.

Menyakong ho Kereke ea Deposition ea Robe (Moscow Kremlin) leng teng ka mahlakoreng 'ohle. Ka bochabela le boroa, o ka hang-hang fumana ka matlung. Monyako o ka boroa e khabisitsoeng ka keel e bōpehileng joaloka di-portal le phahameng boipelaetso litepising le bochabela - ke ka la gallery tsa Terem Palace. ditsenngwateng li teng ka bophirimela le e ka leboea mahlakoreng oa tempele, bontshiweng moeti ka cloisters.

ka hare

Hare-hare ho tempele e bopa ya sebaka le 'ngoe ka kamoreng e ka bophahamo ba modumo le e nyenyane palo balwa phutheho tšoanelang House Kereke. Code ea e thehiloe litšiea tse 'nè. Space mabota le litšiea koahetsoeng ka litšoantšo tsa dikahare tsa bolumeli.

Karolo e khōlō ea pale e inehetseng ho Moroetsana Maria, ka ho penta setaele tšoanang le ho penta le frescoes ya nkuwa Cathedral. The iketsahalletseng hase phoso: mosebetsi 1644 e ile atlehe benghali ba tsebahalang Pospeev Sidor le Abramov peong ea botona. posts by li tšoantšetsoa likhosana tsa Serussia le metropolitans.

Joang tsebo ea ho tse lekholo tse XVII, ho ile ha hlaka ka 1956, ha, tlas'a accretions hamorao ea buloa le ho hloekisa bafo histori. tsosolosoeng ha e feletseng ea iconostasis khale, e leng ne ke sa siea kereke ea Deposition ea Robe tsa Moscow Kremlin e ile ea tšoareloa ea nako e tšoanang. Tlhaloso ya sebopeho kakaretso ea ho penta le iconostasis e bontša hore ke ka lebaka la 'mala ditharollo metako.

iconostasis

Iconostasis entsoe ka silevera, e majabajaba le elaborately khabisitsoeng ka mekhabiso. diaekhone le kenngoa ba penta a nyakaletse, e khanyang mebala e busoa ke 'mala o moputsoa, ciliegia,' mala o mosoeu. iconostasis le ile la pele a bōpa ka mor'a Nakong ea Likhathatso le thipitlo hlahetseng naha. Moreki e ne e le ntate oa morena oa pele oa Romanov lesika - Mopatriareka Filaret.

Ka holimo tse tharo tsa 'maloa ya diaekhone pentoa ka basebetsi studio iconographer Nazaire Istomin Savin ka 1627. Tlase mola, o ile a ngola mong'a ka boeena, matsoho a hae e leng ba diaekhone tse pedi bohareng - "Testamente ea Khale-bo-bong," "The Virgin Hodegetria".

Mosebetsi oa tsosoloso bohareng ba bo-50s bolela hore frescoes marakong tshehetswa tlhakantsuke mmala. Moralo bohehang haholo susumetsa linako pele ho moo ya Bokreste, ha Russia e ne e le motse-moholo oa Byzantium.

Palo hlomphehang ka le litekanyetso holimo le ka litšiea tse bontšang Baapostola le ka har'a Grand babusisi, re bapile ka mahlakore mokhoa oo hloahloa, khomarela canons ka tieo, a bolela hore a hlompha bakeng sa bahale ba frescoes le sepakapakeng haufi le bona fana ka thabo le leseli.

bokoli

Mathoasong a 90-ogy tsa Deposition ea Kereke Robe e ne e le le bolokolohi ba ho baeti ba, hammoho le ka nako ya patronal mokete kereke e neng e tšoaretsoe mona ho rapela le litsebeletsong tse khethehileng. From lisebelisoa pholoha dintho tse seng kae feela. Large candlesticks bogologolo e hlomamisa pele iconostasis ho, mehleng ea khale ba ne ba bitsoa "tšesaane kerese" - sekoti ka hare. Candlesticks ba ile ba fuoa tempeleng e le mpho ho mopatriareka Joseph ka 1649. Di khabisitsoeng ka lijaneng tse betliloeng tsa, diterei la silevera-e tlotsitsoe 'me li thehiloe stylized litau lipalo. E mong sengoathoana ikhetha ka 1624 ke chandelier silevera, manehiloe Bongoli tanka litei tsa khauta D. Sverchkov.

Tempele e lokela ho tla ho bona frescoes tsa lekholong la lilemo la XVI le etela Pontšo ea boholo-holo Russia litsoantso tse betliloeng tsa lehong, teng ka cloister ena. E mong oa reliefs ho fetisisa ea boholo-holo tse bontšang St. George XIV lekholong la lilemo la kopana moeti ka kotloloho ho bonahatse monyako. Matsatsing a khale mesebetsi e joalo kenngoa ka 'me a sebeletsa le diaekhone iconostasis. La thahasello e khōlō ke Novgorod letšoao "leloko la ho tswa Cross" le "The Virgin ea Matsoho ea" (Rostov).

Ka Rizopolozhensky Kereke, pontšo e bolokwa le litsoantso tse betliloeng tsa lehong tsa Metropolitan pele la RUS - Jonase, beha kereke ba boholo-holo. Bontšitse ka tlhaloso e le diaekhone lehong tsa Solovetsky baitlami setšoantšo Nikolaya Mozhayskogo ka sabole, ka tsela eo a neng a ile a hlaha ho sireletsa motse ho tloha bafutuhi Mozhaisk. Ha ho ka tlaase ho moo thahasellisang le tse ling tse curiosities - e jesu a bapotswe tswa Chudov Monastery, phutha, letšoao nako ya XV-XIX lilemo tse makholo.