Ke eng e tshwaetso: tlhaloso, litšobotsi tse le mefuta e

tikoloho e tletse nomoro e khōlō ea "baahi ba", har'a oona ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ya microorganisms tse kang likokoana-hloko, libaktheria, li-fungus, protozoa. Ba ka phela ka lumellana ka ho phethahetseng le motho (bao e seng pathogenic), le teng 'meleng ka ntle ho etsa hore kotsi ho maemo a tloaelehileng, empa ba le mafolo-folo le tlas'a tšusumetso ea lintlha tse itseng (monyetla) le ba kotsi ho batho, a etsa hore tsoelo-pele ea lefu (likokoana-hloko). bopa dikgopolo tsa tsena tsohle amanang le tsoelo-pele ea mohato o le tšoaetsanoang. ke eng e tshwaetso, ke life mefuta e le lintho tse khethollang - tšohloa sehloohong se.

bopa dikgopolo tsa mantlha

Tshwaetso bitsoa likamano tsa rarahaneng ea lintho tse fapaneng, e leng e na le mefuta e fapaneng e khōlō ea liponahatso - ho tloha kariki asymptomatic ho ntshetsopele ya lefu lena. tshebetso ke ka lebaka la matseno a ea kokoana-hloko (kokoana-hloko ea, fungus, libaktheria) ho phela macroorganism, ka lebaka la phofu ea hore hlaha ho tswa tshireletso karabelong e itseng.

Features ya tshwaetso:

1. Contagiousness - le matla a ho potlako jala ho motho ea kulang ho ea phetseng hantle.
2. Khethehileng - tse itseng itseng kokoana-hloko e etsa hore lefu le leng ke tloaelehileng bakeng sa ponahalo ea hae le diriswa liseleng kapa lisele.
3. Karohano - mong le e mong thulaganyou e tšoaetsanoang na nako ya e le hantle lona.

linako

Khopolo ea ho ba le tshwaetso e hape thehiloeng cyclicity ea ho pathological. Ho ba teng ha ka nako e ka ho hōla ha bath bakeng sa matšoao a mong le e tšoanang:

1. Nako poloko - nako eo elapses ho tloha mehleng ea selelekela ea kokoana-hloko ea ka 'mele oa ka phelang ka nako e telele e le ho na le ba pele matšoao litleleniki tsa maloetse. nako ena e ka ba teng ka ho tloha lihora tse seng kae ho lilemo tse 'maloa.
2. prodromatsii nako - ho hlaha ha se le seng ea tleleniki bath ya bongata ba dithulaganyo pathologic (hlooho e opang, ho fokola, mokhathala).
3. A hlobaetsang le matšoao - lefu tlhōrō. Nakong ena, ho ntshetsa pele matšoao a itseng a tshwaetso ka lekhopho etsang kou mocheso tloaelehileng otla lisele tsa moo.
4. Convalescence - nako ea ho fela ha setshwantsho ea tleleniki le ho hlaphoheloa le mokuli.

Types of dithulaganyo tšoaetsanoang

Ho bona lintlha tse eketsehileng mabapi le taba ena hore e joalo e tshwaetso, u lokela ho utloisisa hore na ke eng. Ho na le palo e khōlō ea classifications ho itšetlehile ka hlahang ho yona, ho maqhubu, diriswa, palo ea mefuta e tse sa bonahaleng tse, 'me kahoo ka D..

1. Ka tsela e tšoanang le ho kenella ka hare tsa likokoana-hloko:

• thulaganyou e Exogenous - e tšoauoa ka ho kenella ka hare tsa pathogen tloha tikolohong Link;
• e se nang sesosa thulaganyou e - activates tsona tlas'a maemo pathogenic microflora le tlas'a tšusumetso ea lintlha boima.

2. By hlahang ho yona:

• ho itlelang feela thulaganyou e - tšoauoa ka ho ba sieo ha ho kenella batho;
• Pilot - tshwaetso le hlahileng artificially ka laboratoring.

3. Ho ea ka palo ea microorganisms:

• monoinfection - bakoang ke mefuta e e le 'ngoe ea pathogen ea;
• tsoakiloeng - amehang 'maloa mefuta ya likokoana-hloko.

4. E le hore:

• thulaganyou e mathomo - feela hlaha lefu;
• mahareng thulaganyou e - lateloa ke tlaleletsa ka ho eketsehileng a tšoaetsanoang bolwetse ka semelo sa lefu lena le ka sehloohong.

5. diriswa:

• letheba sebopeho - the kokoana-hloko ke feela sebakeng leo ka lona phunyelletsa ka moamoheli phelang;
• generalized foromo - the likokoana-hloko hasana ho pholletsa le 'mele o le subsidence eketsehileng itseng libaka ratang.

Haeba likokoana-hloko hasana ka maling, empa u se ke atisa ho na le, boemo e bitsoang viremia (e causative moemeli - kokoana-hloko), bacteremia (libaktheria), fungemia (li-fungus), parasitaemia (protozoa). Tabeng ea le katiso ea mali ea likokoana-hloko tse tsoelang pele sepsis.

6. Adrift:

• a hlobaetsang le tšoaetso ea - e na le khanyang setshwantsho ea tleleniki le nka e seng ho feta libeke tse 'maloa;
• foleng tshwaetso - tšoauoa ka mokhoa noabolohang, ka nka lilemo tse mashome, ho na le exacerbation (khutlela mokhoeng).

7. Ha Sets ea lilemo:

• tsoaetsanang "bongoana" - bogolosegolo ama bana ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse 2 le lilemo li 10 (khoho pox, metso o mosoeu, feberu sekareleta, whooping khohlela);
• "Tshwaetso Adult," mohopolo ka boeona e ke ha ho joalo, e le ho likokoana-hloko le tse bakang letotong lefu ka batho ba baholo, 'mele oa ngoana e le hlokolosi.

Ho na le ke taba ea reinfection le superinfection. Tabeng ea pele, monna eo e ka ho feletseng hlaphoheloa ka mor'a lefu la tšoaetso hape ke pathogen tšoanang. Ke superinfection reinfection le hlaha esita le ka tsela ea lefu (mefuta e pathogen ba laminated ka 'ngoe tse ling).

oela tseleng

Ho na le tsena tse latelang ho kenella ka hare ea microorganisms hore fana ka phetiso ya likokoana-hloko ho tloha tikolohong ka moamoheli phelang:

• fecal-molomo (alimentary na le, metsi le lebitso-e ruuoang);
• transmissible (mali) - e akarelletsa ho kopanela liphate, parenteral le ka ho longoa ke likokoanyana;
• aerogenic (airborne lerōle le airborne);
• iteanye le-ho kopanela liphate, ho ikopanya-leqeba.

Bakeng sa likokoana-hloko tse ngata tse bonahalang ka tsela e itseng ea ho kenella ka hare tsa macro-phelang. Ha mochine phetiso e sitisoa, lefu lena le a ke ke a hlaha kapa mpefala ka liponahatso tsa lona.

Diriswa ea tšoaetso

Ho itšetlehile ka sebakeng se amehileng, latelang mefuta tsoaetsanang:

1. Mala. Tsela pathological etsahala pampitšana gastrointestinal, moemeli kena fecal-molomo tsela. Tsena li akarelletsa salmonellosis, letšollo, rotavirus, feberu feberu ea mala.
2. Ho hema. tshebetso le hlaha ka pampitšana e ka holimo ka tlaase le e matšoafo, microorganisms tse "fallela" maemong a mangata ka moea (ntaramane, adenovirus tšoaetso, parainfluenza).
3. Exterior. Likokoana-hloko silafatsa letlalo le lera la mucous, a etsa hore fungal tshwaetso, scabies, microspores STDs.
4. Mali. Tšoaetso kenang ka maling, li etsoa ke ka ho eketsehileng ho pholletsa le 'mele (HIV, lefu la sebete B, lefu le amanang le ho longoa ke likokoanyana).

tsoaetsanang mala

Nahana ka ho khetheha dithulaganyo pathological ka mohlala oa seng sa lihlopha tse - tšoaetso ea mala. ke eng e tshwaetso ya pampitšana tshilong ya dijo ea motho, 'me hona e fapana?

Mafu a emela lihlopha ka bakoang ke tšoaetso ea ea baktheria, fungal le hlahang ho yona bongata ba kokwanahloko. Bongata ba kokwanahloko microorganisms ea nang le bokhoni e phunyeletse ho mafapheng a sa tšoaneng tsa pampitšana eo mala, li nkoa ho rotaviruses le enteroviruses. Ba kgona ha feela ho jala ke fecal-molomo tsela, empa hape marotholi otla epithelium tsa pampitšana e ka holimo ho hema le ho etsa hore herpetic metso.

mafu baktheria (Salmonella, letšollo) di a tšoaetsanoang ka ho khetheha ke fecal-molomo tsela. Tsoaetsanang fungal hlahang ho yona etsahala ka lebaka la liphetoho tse ka 'mele oa ka hare, hlahang tlas'a ketso ea lithibela-mafu kapa ho li sebelisa ka nako e telele ka litokisetso hormonal, ka immunodeficiency.

rotavirus

Rotavirus mala tshwaetso, e kalafo lokela ho akaretsang le e nakong, ka molao-motheo, hammoho le lefu le tse ling tse leha e le efe ke halofo ea Maemong a tsa tleleniki ea bongata ba kokwanahloko pathologies tšoaetsanoang mala. motho e mong ea nang le tšoaetso ho nkoa ho le kotsi sechabeng ho tloha qetellong ea nako poloko ho fihlela hlaphoheloa ka ho feletseng.

Rotavirus mala tshwaetso ka bana ba hlaha ka thata ho feta kamoo ho batho ba baholo. Mohato liponahatso hlobaetsang tsamaea le setshwantsho litleleniki tsa tse latelang:

• bohloko mpeng;
• letšollo (setuloana se na le 'mala o khanya, e ka ba ea mali hloeke);
• ho hlatsa;
• hyperthermia;
• runny nko;
• ho ruruha ha 'metso ea.

Rotavirus mala tshwaetso ka bana ba maemong a mangata e tsamaea le ropoha likolong le preschools. Ke le lilemo li 5, bana ba bangata ba 'nile ba ka ke bohato ba rotaviruses. Latelang tshwaetso etsahala ha ba thata joaloka tabeng ea pele ea tleleniki.

tshwaetso buoa

bakuli fetisisa hlokang kenella ho buoa, ba thahasella taba ea mofuta ofe ea tšoaetso ho buoa. Sena ke tshebetso o tšoanang oa 'mele oa motho sebelisana le pathogen, feela etsahalang ka semelo sa buuoe kapa hlokang kenella ho buoa ho tsosolosa mesebetsi le lefu le itseng.

Ke a hlobaetsang (purulent, putrid, e itseng, anaerobic) le thulaganyo a sa foleng (itseng le nonspecific).

Ho itšetlehile ka lefelo la lefu tshwaetso ho buoa ka thōko:

• le lisele tse bonolo;
• manonyello le masapo;
• boko le dibopeho tsa lona;
• ea cavity ka mpeng;
• thoracic cavity;
• makala pelvic;
• dikarolo mong kapa makala (mammary tšoelesa, borashe, khaotsang ho le joalo-joalo. d '.).

Mahlahana a tsoaetsanang buoa

Hona joale, ka ho fetisisa khafetsa "baeti" hlobaetsang purulent dithulaganyo tse:

• aureus;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• enterococcus;
• E. coli;
• streptococcus;
• Proteus.

Heke ho kenella ka hare tsa bona tse diso tse sa tšoaneng tsa lera la ka mucous le letlalo, abrasions, ho longoa ke, mengoapo, ducts litsoelesa (mofufutso le sebaceous). Haeba motho a ena le sa foleng foci bokella microorganisms (tonsillitis foleng, rhinitis, leino bola), ba ka fetoha sesosa sa karohano ea likokoana-hloko ho pholletsa le 'mele.

tshwaetso kalafo

Ka lipelo tsa lahla pathological microflora e bakang kalafo o ikemiseditse ho felisa lisosa tsa lefu lena. Ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa moemeli o ile a sebelisa dihlopha tse latelang tsa medicaments:

1. Lithibela-mafu (haeba pathogen - libaktheria). Khetha sehlopha sa baemeli ba antibacterial le etsa lithethefatsi ho khetheha ka lebaka la ho hlahloba ka bacteriological le boikemisetso ba nahanela motho ea kokoana-hloko ena.
2. Antiviral (haeba causative moemeli - kokoana-hloko). Ka e tšoanang, ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse matlafatsang le tšireletso ea 'mele oa motho.
3. Antifungal mahlahana (haeba causative moemeli - the fungus e).
4. Worming (haeba pathogen - liboko kapa bonolo ka ho fetisisa).

Kalafo ea mafu a tsoaetsanang a bana ba tlaase ho lilemo tse 2 li ile a qeta ka sepetlele, e le ho qoba mathata a ka khonehang.

bofello

Ka mor'a hore ketsahalo ea lefu lena le, ho ba le pathogen ho khetheha, setsebi qeta khethollo ea le etsang qeto ea hore ho hlokahala hore bookelong. Ba bonnete ba hore ka ho toba lebitso la tepelletse maikutlong ke lefu itseng, 'me e se feela lentsoe "tshwaetso". Histori ea lefu lena le, e leng tsoala kalafo sepetlele, e na le boitsebiso bo tsohle ka mekhahlelo ea phumano le kalafo ea tšoaetso e itseng. Le ha ho hlokahale ho hospitalize mokuli boitsebiso bohle joalo e tlalehiloeng ka outpatient mapa.