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Karl Kautsky - Jeremane nkita, rahistori le rafilosofi

Le lefatseng la tsa khopolo a moruo lula sebakeng se khethehileng Sejeremane tsa moruo, bo-rafilosofi. E mong oa batho ba ka tsela e hlollang ba mehleng ea hae e ne e le Karl Kautsky. mesebetsi ea hae e na le tšoana haholo le mesebetsi ea Marx, empa o ne a 'maloa a makgetha a ho khethehileng tse etsang hore maikutlo a rafilosofi Jeremane ka tsela ea hae e ikhethang. O ile a khona ho hohela batšehetsi ba tse ngata 'me tse ling tsa mosebetsi oa hae o ntse ke ea bohlokoa. 'Me hona joale baetapele Right-lepheo bukeng bona sebedisa likhopolo tse di o ile a bolela ka ho Karl Kautsky.

a biography

Bophelo ba nkita bokamoso qala Prague ea boholo-holo hore ke moo monna enoa e moholo o ile a hlaha ka 1854. Ka nako eo, Europe Central se ile sa etsa bophelo ba ka toka khutsitseng, le mekhatlo ea lona thuto gaisanwang le diyunivesithi tummeng British. Karl Kautsky fumana thuto e babatsehang ea Univesithing ea Vienna. Ha e sa ntse e le seithuti, o ile a ba ile ba kopanela maikutlo a socialists le tloaela mangolong a Karl Marx. Ho tloha qetellong ea bo-1870, o ile a ba ile ba kopanela maikutlo a Marxists tse ngata. Ka ho khetheha, ho thoeng ke potso temo qala thahasello ea hae hammoho le peculiarities ea mokhatlo oa sebetsa le ho laola revisionism. Boemo ba mohlophisi haholo ratoang makasine e ' «Shoa Neue Zeit» thusa hore ho ho ata ha mehopolo mososhaliste ka Central le Europe Bophirimela, le hoja babali ba hae o ile a bontša ba bang ba pedantry la mosebetsi oa hae le penchant bakeng scholasticism saense.

mashano tsa Marxism

Ka 1885 -1888, Karl Kautsky o ne a lula London, moo a ne a le haufi le Engels le batšehetsi ba Marxism. Ho tloha ka 1890, o ile a fallela Jeremane, moo a ileng a tsoela pele ho phatlalatsa lipampiri ka litšobotsi tse sa tšoaneng tsa Marxism. Morupeli talenta le sebini se ipabola hakae entse lekgutshwanyane mosebetsi oa Kautsky e ratoa haholo har'a batho ba batšehetsi ba mekhatlo mososhaliste le tse khōlō. Har'a mesebetsi ea hae ho hlahloba le Thomas More le dystopia hae (1888), "Comments ho Eksfurtskoy Program" (1892), "Antecedents bososhiale Newest (1895 ho).

Kautsky le Bokreste

E mong oa mesebetsi ea hae, ka nkita Jeremane le rafilosofi nehetsoeng ho hlaha le ntshetsopele ya ho fetisisa khōlō tsa bolumeli motsamao oa nako ea hae - Bokreste. Bukeng ea hae, Kautsky se buang ka bakang moruo le tsa sechaba tse lekanya bohlokoa ba sechaba ka lebaka la tumelo le lecha, oa hlalosa bohlokoa ba lintho tsa sebele tsa histori le monotheism Bajuda, ka lebaka la tseo Bokreste ho ile ha hlaha e le bolumeli e ka thoko. Mosebetsi "The Origin of Bokreste" e ne e haholo ananela batho ba mehleng ea hae Leha ho le joalo, 'me hona joale e etsa hore e ngata khang har'a balumeli' me har'a latola boteng ba Molimo.

mosebetsi ya moruo

A and analysis qaqileng ea likamano tsa moruo e ile ya tshwerweng ke eena ka ka 1887. "The Economic lithuto tsa Karla Marksa" ke mohlomong e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa mosebetsi oa rasaense ena. Ho eona puo fihlellwe le utloahala beha tsoa lintlha tsa sehlooho tsa tummeng "Motse-moholo". Places moo Kautsky hlalosa khopolo ea motse-moholo, ho fana ka litšoantšo hlakileng ea bonono fihlellwa batho suthetse hōle le thuto ea moruo.

lefapha la Agrarian

likhopolo tsa bokhaphithaliste ka temo li ne li ikhethang senotsoe ka buka ea Karl Kautsky, "Potso ea agrarian." Mona o hlalosang mekhoa e ka sehloohong eo ba butle-butle ntshetswa pele e amana le naha beng ka nako e telele: ho tloha tsamaiso feudal a moruo ho mehla ea kajeno ea bokhaphithaliste e tsoetseng pele. Jeremane ya nkita ya kgona ho fanwang le hlalosang dipalopalo lintho tse bonahalang, e leng ka nako eo bokeletseng boima e khōlō. Ka mosebetsi oa eona, Kautsky e thehiloe ya data se khethehileng se tsoang dipatlisiso tse sa tšoaneng le censuses tšoaroa ka Engelane, Fora, USA, Jeremane. Ho phalla boreleli tsa pale ya ea pele ea likamano feudal ho temo ea kajeno e bontša kamoo temo ka nako e khutšoanyane o ba bile teng ba tsoa ea bapatriareka ho litlelase ea saense, ho fihlela phaello e lebetsoeng le. ho beha mabaka 'ohle a hae ka tsela e phethahetseng a bua leshano ka dipalelo tsa Marx le litletlebo tsa hae a moruo.

Ho tloha ho tloha likhopolo tsa Marxism

Qalong ea lekholo la e ile ya ho fumana le ho feta ratoa khopolo ea bompoli proletarian. Khopolo ea ho fetola sebopeho moruo le utloahetse ka II Congress ya RSDLP, le ileng la qala ka 1903 ho Brussels, 'me joale ile a tsoela pele ho sebetsa London. Kautsky e latetse haufi-ufi le mererong ea ba tlileng kopanong, empa kahlolo ea hae o ile a nka Mensheviks (ho-ba khahlanong le Iskrists). Lekhetlong lena, Karl Kautsky hatisitsoeng mesebetsi 'maloa tse ngotsoeng ka moea oa Marxism. Har'a bona ho ne "The Path ho Power", "The Slavs le Phetohelo." Jeremane nkita mesebetsi ne sekasekileng mabaka VI Lenin, bao hangata ba qotsitsoeng bona ka lipuo tsa hae. Kautsky oa sehlooho se reng Lenin maikutlo ne ba atisa ho hatisitsoeng "Iskra".

Pele ho Ntoa ea Lefatše

Butle-butle rethinking ea hore likhopolo tsa Karl Marx etsa Kautsky tloha likhopolo tsa ntoa Revolutionary le mokhatlo oa sebetsa-sehlopha sa. A tsamaisa leano la poelano le revisionists fapaneng. Leha ho le joalo, sena ha sea ka sa mo thibela mosebetsi oa hae ho tšehetsa mokhatlo oa tsa liquidators har'a Russia Social-Mademokrate. O ile a boela latolang melao-motheo ea Party tsa filosofi Marxist, ho lefa sethabathaba ho mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea ho ipelaetsa neorganizatsionnym. bososhiale saense la mosebetsi oa hae o leka ho Co-teng le mehopolo bao e seng Marxist filosofi. maikutlo a Kautsky li fetoha ka bohlokoa. Ho tloha ka pono Revolutionary tsa Marxism, o ile a leka ho hlalosa le ho kgothaletsa ka melao-motheo ea ea sechaba-chauvinists.

Kautsky ka 1917

Mathoasong a 1917, Kautsky ke ka ho toba ka setotsoana ho bōptjoa mokga e ncha, eo maikutlo a o ile a bolella ka botlalo. Ho e ikemetseng Social-Democratic Party ea Jeremane, e leng ntse a potoloha pele ea likhetho e khahloa haholo dikgetho. Empa October Phetohelo, Kautsky itšoara hampe haholo ho hanyetsa phetiso ea basebetsi ka matla 'me balemi ba, ha a ntse a ho boloka melao-motheo ea demokrasi bourgeois.

Ha e le nako ea merusu ea kgolo lipolotiki Jeremane, o ile a lula e le 'nete hore ba poelano pakeng tsa bokhaphithaliste le mehopolo mososhaliste. Boemo ba le rasaense Jeremane tabeng ena hlahloba ka ho qaqileng le ho nyatsa VI Lenin, sehloohong ba hae "The Proletarian Phetohelo le Kautsky mpefala."

Nako le nako se etsahala, likhopolo tsa bo-rafilosofi Jeremane ba menyenyane 'mōpi lona. Ka poso-ntoa Jeremane e ne e le 'muso o hlaheletseng oona tsamaisong bathapi. Ratang ngoana Kautsky ya (Social Democratic Party) fumana makgetheng tšosang. Ha fascism Europe Central sheba, Kautsky ha e so ka hlokomela ka botlalo hore seo liphello tse bosula ena e ka etsa hore. Ka 1938, ka Vienna oa hae ea ratoang Manazi tla, 'me Karl Kautsky tlameha ho falla ho Prague le ea ntan'o ba ho Amsterdam, moo a ileng a qeta mosebetsi oa hae oa.

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