Khoebo lichelete ka taba ea ho etsa lipatlisiso mogopolofela

khoebo lichelete, e le bothata mogopolofela, u tobane le ho hlokahala hore a sekaseke bocha boleng ba likhanyetsano hore li bokeletseng le bopaki bo lona bonahetseng le mogopolofela tokafatso hore ho hlokahala ho ntlafatsa karolo e phethoang le bohlokoa ba tsebo. saense ea kajeno e bile khona ho theha kamano e ba lintho tsa sebele tse ngata mehleng le ho ba fa tlhaloso e bohlale. E leng se bontšang hore ho na le ke ho hlokahale hore e be paradigm e ncha, ke tse kang: litšobotsi tse sa phethahalang tsa lichelete mosebetsi le moruo oa likhoebo, libanka, mekhatlo, mismatch khopolo ea mofuta o khoebo, sebopeho le dipehelo tsa dithulaganyo le mokhathala oa maano a ea setso le mekhoa katisediwa bakeng sa characterization ea mekhoa jwale ka khoebo. Le ho hlōleha ha maikutlo jaana saense ea sechaba le ea maikutlo e lefatše ka tlhaho, e le ponahalo ea likhohlano ka lebaka la ho 'nete ea hore khoebo ea lichelete e undergone le phetoho ya boleng ba ntho e ithuta, matla a ho phela le mosebetsi.

Hore ho hlokahala generalizations e ncha ea motheo ile a etsa hore battlefield bohlokoa ka ho hōla ha tsoelo-pele ea ka kakaretso: oa ho fetola melao ea boitšoaro le boikgethelo ea tsamaiso, e ntseng e eketseha ea tswakana ea botšepehi le ho kopanela moruo. Le pono e morao-rao ka tšehetso lichelete tsa kgweboseswa ke hore ke ho hlokahala hore ho theha paradigm e ncha, 'me e thehiloe tlameha ho beha fatše kakaretso ea histori ea phihlelo eo, kutloisiso lona mogopolofela ya phetoho ikhethang le ea kajeno. khoebo lichelete, e le ntho e ithuta, o na le makgetha a ho latelang: selotlolo dimensionality le rarahaneng ea tsamaiso ea moruo, ea batho bao e seng linearity le ntshetsopele mefuta e meng ea moruo, liphofu ya boleng phetoho le boleng dikamano, tebileng phetolo ea likamano pakeng tsa bafo ba likamano tsa moruo.

Sebopeho sa e le mohlala e ncha ya moruo - tshebetso khang haholo. khoebo lichelete, e le lipono tse makatsang ka wa ea mohlala sena ha se lahla tsebo khale, 'me hokahanngwe bona, bulela menyetla e mecha ea ho tsoelo-pele. Ka maemo a morao-rao pakeng tsa moetlo khopolo a moruo le "moruo le lecha" re na le kamano eo, e leng e ka hlalosoa e le e rarahaneng methodological convergence. Ho phaella moo, e ka pheha khang ea hore ha ho na convergence ho iphetola ha lintho ba khopolo ea setso a moruo le "e ncha moruo" 'me evolutionarily tlhōlisano methodological convergence, ha mokgweng wa paradigms bobeli ka nako e tšoanang ba ka sebelisana le (ruise molemo, nonotshang e mong le tse ling) le vzaimootritsanii (ntho e makatsang ho hana), evolving ka tataiso e 'ngoe. Ha e le hantle ya paradigm e ncha ka hlalosoa likarolong tse 'maloa. Pele - ho bokella tsebo tšimong ea khoebo moruo saense, theknoloji ea lona le tsamaiso. Ea bobeli - basebetsi ba nang le tsebo, generating tsebo e ncha, 'me ka tsela eo ntlafatsa tshebetso ya tsamaiso ya moruo ka kakaretso. Ea boraro - pele tsa dibopeho tsa motheo litaba tseo khothalletsa batho phatlalatso ea phatlalatsa ea bokgoni ba saense le kelello. Bone - the sebele khoebo mokga, a phela tsebo e ncha ho tloaela ho etsa.

Akaretsa, re ka bolela hore "e ncha moruo kgweboseswa" ke ho phethahetseng ka hohlehohle saense le thuto e rarahaneng, e leng e thehiloe eneji, le-matla ba tsebo le intellectualization la mesebetsi eohle, kgothaletsa boikhathatso bohwebi.