Itseng le batho bao e seng e itseng maloetseng: bopa dikgopolo tsa ho se tšoane. Seo se tiisa boitshireletso ba mmele

Maloetseng - the mosireletsi e khōlō ea 'mele ea rōna hore ho mo thusa ho loana le lefu lena. Hore e matlafatsa boitshireletso ba mmele? Seo ama sebopeho lona? Seo ba tsebahala ka maloetseng itseng le batho bao e seng e itseng? A re ke re tseba ka eona.

boitshireletso ba mmele le mosebetsi lona

Na u hlokometse hore ho na le batho ba neng ba fumana a kula makhetlo a 'maloa ka selemo,' me ba bang ba - hoo e ka bang mohla? Ke hobane'ng ha ba bang ba haholo bonolo hore mafu a, ha ba bang - ha ho joalo? taba tsohle sireletsehile maloetseng ana. Ho mofuta oa balebeli, e leng e fana ka ho potoloha oache tshireletso rona. Haeba a sa matla ka ho lekaneng, 'mele o ka habonolo inehella lefu bang.

Mong le e mong ka motsotso re hlaseloa ka mefuta e fapaneng ya dikokwanyana (protozoa, libaktheria, li-fungus). Maloetseng loana ka thata le bona, ho thibela ho tloha ho ka 'mele le ntshetsopele ho eketsehileng. Ho fana ho hanyetsa chefo, o bolokang, lik'hemik'hale, 'me hape felisa lisele tse se felloe ke nako kapa haelloang ka phelang.

Ho itšetlehile ka mokhoa oa ho fumana lona khetholla maloetseng tlhaho le e entsoeng ke motho, e itseng le batho bao e seng e itseng. Sena ke e rarahaneng ho phethahetseng ka hohlehohle mochine ea kenyelletsoa ke makala a khethehileng le lisele tse. Hammoho ba etsa boitshireletso ba mmele, mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa leo - ho boloka tiisetso ya tikoloho ka hare le kokobetsa ho likarolo tsoang linaheng tse ling.

Features ya boitshireletso ba mmele

Ho sireletsa 'mele e fana ka mosebetsi o lumellanang ea likarolo tsohle tsa tsamaiso ea' mele. makala hae ba arotsoe ka bohareng le pheriferale. Tsa pele kenyeletsa thymus, lesapo moko, Bursa tsa Fabricius. Ba hlahisa lisele tse sa 'mele (macrophages, lisele tse lero la mali, T le lymphocytes B) likarolong tsohle tsa' mele.

makala pheriferale ke lisele tsa mmele nodes, spleen, glia, letlalo, lymphatic dinama tse nyenyane tse. Sena se makala mahareng hore ba sebakeng libaka tsa khoneha ho kenella ka hare tsa antigens. Ba sebelisa lisele tse sa 'mele ho loantša "tse senyang lijalo".

Sebopeho sa lisele tse sireletsang le hlaha ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng. Ba bang ba bona ba se futsitseng, 'me karolo e' ngoe e ya hlahiswa ho pholletsa le bophelo ba, ka mor'a hore mafu. Ho joalo, ho na le ke a itsireletse maloetseng e itseng le batho bao e seng e itseng. Ho hanyetsa 'mele mojaki phelang ka ba le tsela tsa tlhaho kapa ka ho ba ente e. Ka lebaka leo, boitshireletso ba mmele o boetse o arotsoe ka tlhaho le maiketsetso.

maloetseng congenital

maloetseng itseng le batho bao e seng e itseng hangata e bitswang congenital le fumaneng, ka ho latellana. Last fumaneha ho rona ho tloha matsatsing a pele a ea bophelo. Ho e fetisoa liphatsa tsa lefutso ka hare ho mefuta e tšoanang. Thanks ho eena, motho a ka ka ba ea sa tšoaetsoa ke itseng mafu a tloaelehile haholo ho liphoofolo tse ling, tse kang letšollo, tlhako kapa canine distemper.

maloetseng tlhaho ke le teng ka phelang tsohle tse phelang. Nonspecific o ne a e mong ea bitsoang hobane ha a loantša le antigen ho khetheha. Ho ile ha thehoa ho qaleha ha ho iphetola ha lintho, 'me ka lehlakoreng le leng ho fumana e, ha e na memori kapa ho hlokomela mofuta oa pathogen. Sena ke mokoallo rona mathomo, e bakoa hang-hang ka mor'a hore ponahalo ea le kotsi hlahelang. E 'ngoe ea liponahatso tsa lona ke mefuta e meng ea ho ruruha.

maloetseng tlhaho e nkoa e le e feletseng. Ka ho feletseng timetsa e thata ka ho fetisisa. Leha ho le joalo, ho thehoa ha mamello immunological, kapa kgahlamelo ya maqhubu a nako e telele ho mahlaseli ionizing ka fokotsa eona.

maloetseng fumanweng

Mokhahlelo oa bobeli oa ntoa khahlanong le microorganisms tsoang linaheng tse ling le lintho ke a itsireletse maloetseng e itseng. Ho Ho thehoa ho pholletsa le bophelo ba motho le liphetoho le e mong le e mafu a jere.

Ha tšokelo e lemoha maloetseng fumanweng qala ho mafolofolo hlasela hae. Tšobotsi la ntlha la oona ke "tsoara lintho ka hlooho" ea likokoana-hloko sebelisa lisireletsi. Di hlahiswa ho loantša lintho tse itseng linaheng tse ling 'me hamorao o ile a khona ho hanyetsa ho eena.

Kahoo, e mong le e lefu le lecha e etsa hore tlhahiso ea lithibela-mafu tse ncha, ho beha ho ya memori ea tsamaiso ya rona sa 'mele. Hang ha ba "sera" e tla hlaha ka 'mele hape, lisele tse sireletsang lemoha hore le tla ba khona ho felisa haholo ka lebelo.

Ha likokoana-hloko tsohle, 'mele a leka ka tsela e tšoanang. Ba bang ba mafu a ba le nako feela ho lekaneng ho e boitshireletso ba mmele ho feta le "haufi ba ne ba sa bua 'nete" likokoana-hloko. Sena ke tloaelehileng bakeng sa chickenpox, maselese, tularemia, whooping khohlela. Ntaramane le letšollo tse fapaneng haholo. Hang ba hlahiswa maloetseng nakoana feela, e ntse e le teng ho fihlela ho likhoeli tse 'nè. 'Me haeba moemeli causative ke khatello e tšoanang. Ha re ntse re tseba, ho na le tse likete ntaramane ...

Mefuta maloetseng itseng

Rekoa mekgwa ya tshireletso ne ho bonahala eka hamorao haholo ho feta tsoalo ea. Ba ile ha hlaha ka tsela ea ho iphetola ha lintho, 'me ba emela e mong oa dikamohelo bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa libōpuoa tse phelang. Ntle le maloetseng itseng re tla utloa bohloko haholo khafetsa.

Ha e se e hlahisitseng 'meleng (mora ente kapa nosi), e bitsoa mafolofolo. E bitsoa etseng letho ha lisireletsi tse loketse ho kena 'mele ho tloha mehloli ntle. Ba ka tšoaetsanoang ka hammoho le ngoana oa ho colostrum ea 'mè eo,' me li ka tsamaisoa hammoho lithethefatsi kapa ente nakong phekolo ea meriana.

Chelete le tsona maloetseng maiketsetso le tlhaho. Pele e akarelletsa ho toba batho kenella, ke hore, ente. maloetseng Natural Ho thehoa ka tlhaho. Ho ka 'na na le mofuta etseng letho (a tšoaetsanoang ka colostrum) le a sebetsang a (ho kula bonahala ka mor'a fetisetsa).

lintlha maloetseng

'mele o gana likokoana-hloko, tšoaetso le likokoana-hloko ka lebaka la ho lintlha tse sa tšoaneng. Ba ke lisele, humoral, kapa mekgwa fisioloji. Nonspecific maloetseng lintlha hlahisa letlalo, lera la mucous, potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale. Ho boetse ho akarelletsa ho acid e-alkaline tikoloho ya la mala, 'me esita le ... e thimola.

Tools ba sireletsehile maloetseng ana tlhaho, le ho ikopanya le pele le tšokelo hlahelang. Ba etsa sohle se khoneha ho rarolla eona. Ka mohlala, secretion ea litsoelesa sebaceous 'me mofufutso oa ka letlalo se lumella likokoana-hloko lokela ho ngatafala. Mathe le meokho di timetsoa.

Lintlha maloetseng itseng - e sete ya mekgwa e thusa ho nka khato ka 'mele oa mojaki, kokobetsa ho le thibela ho ata tsa bona. Tsena li akarelletsa antibody sebopeho le memory immunological, e alejiki itšoara joang, le bokhoni ba lymphocytes molai. Ntho e 'ngoe e boetse ke sa' mele phagocytosis, moo phelang pathogenic li ananelang lisele tse khethehileng - phagocytes.

Seo se tiisa boitshireletso ba mmele?

Ha ba ntse ba bophelo ba rōna boitshireletso ba mmele lula fetola le ntlafalitsoeng, kahoo, ho ke ea bohlokoa ho e boloka e le sebōpehong sa molemo. E, haholo itšetlehile ka lefutso, empa e boetse e le tsela ea bophelo e ama tšireletso ea 'mele ea ho toba. Tips ho matlafatsa boitshireletso ba mmele ke toka maemo a, le ntho e ka sehloohong mona, mohlomong kamehla. Mona ba bang ba melao eo e lokela ho lateloa:

• Khomarela phepo e leka-lekaneng.
• Ho ikoetlisa.
• Iphe nako ea ho phomola.
• Qoba ho imeloa kelellong le overwork.
• Tsamaea ka moea o hloekileng.
• Tšeha hangata e le ba maikutlo a nepahetseng.