Sesole sa 'mele

Qalang lisele pele ba boitshireletso ba mmele (ka 1887) - phagocyte (macrophage) - e leng I. I. Mechnikovu. Phagocytosis (absorption ea ba bang ba liseleng tse ling) o ile a se tsebileng ho tloha 1862. Leha ho le joalo Mechnikov lekhetlo la pele ha thehoa sehokelo lipakeng tsa tshebetso ena le mosebetsi sireletsang, le nang le boitshireletso ba mmele. Ho ea ka bafuputsi ba bang ba bangata, ho tloha nakong eo ba ile ba qala ho ba teng e le lekala le lecha la moriana - ea matla a.

The sesole sa 'mele ea' mele oa motho ke pokello ea mehaho e anatomical. mosebetsi oa eona ke ho etsa bonnete ba tshireletso ya khahlanong le ho kenella ka hare tsa mahlahana a fapaneng a tšoaetsanoang ho tloha dihlahiswa tshilong ya dijo ka bona, dintho le lisele filoe baditjhaba antigenic thepa.

boitshireletso ba mmele ke khona ho hlokomela chelete ea tonanahali ea likokoana-hloko - ho tloha likokoana-hloko ho liboko, e leng se khetholla ba ho tswa ho limolek'hule tsa likokoana-hloko le ka liseleng tsa bona. Maemong a mangata, tlhaloso ya e moemeli a tšoaetsanoang e thata haholo ka matla a ho ikamahanya ka ho ntlafatsa mekhoa e mecha ea ho kenella ka hare le tšoaetso.

Antigens ke limolek'hule hore qholotsa liphetoho itseng. Se hakaalo hore e pathogen kena 'meleng le tsoang ka ntle. Ka mohlala, ka pathologies autoimmune ka antigens ke ea 'mele ea lisele tsa hae.

Sepheo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ke ho senya sebopeho sireletsang kotsi pathogen. boitshireletso ba mmele e filoe mefuta e fapaneng ya mekhoa le lisebelisoa bakeng sa ba bonoa 'me ho felisoa ha mahlahana a tsoang linaheng tse ling. Tshebetso ena kaofela e tsejoang e le "karabo". Karabelo boitshireletso e ka fumanoa kapa congenital.

Fumanweng karabelong e fapana le leng teng phahameng khethehileng tlholeho itsoara joang ka tsa mofuta ke ikemiselitse ho ba moemeli tsoang linaheng tse ling. E lumella bakeng sa ho kenella ka hare khafetsa pathogen ho hlwaya le felisa ka potlako.

Maemong a mang, motho a ka e thehoa tšireletso bophelo bohle khahlanong le ho kenella ka hare tsa antigens itseng, ho etsa mohlala, ka mor'a hore khoho pox, metso o mosoeu, maselese.

From ntlha anatomical maikutlo, boitshireletso ba mmele le batla le le arohaneng. Ho sa tsotellehe ho ba bang ho hasa ea 'mele, kaofela ha mehaho e lona ba le kamano e haufi le lymphatic le methapo ea mali. Mekhatlo sebopeho sireletsang e arotsoe bohareng le pheriferale. Ho na le boetse ho na le lisele tsa 'mele.

Ho makala bohareng lymphoid sebopeho sireletsang kenyeletsa thymus (thymus), sebopeho lymphoid ka mala, sehlomathisong, fetal sebete, lesapo moko.

lisele tse Immunocompetent li nkoa ho leukocytes polynuclear, monocytes, lymphocytes, lisele tse Langerhans (letlalo tšoeu epidermotsitov Process), le ba bang.

Ho sireletsa pheriferale lymphoid makala kenyeletsa spleen, lisele tsa mmele nodes.

Le boima kakaretso ea lisele tsohle le makala a seo se akarelletsa ho boitshireletso ba mmele wa motho e moholo ke hoo e ka bang kilogerama.

The dibopeho pheriferale dipharologano fa le hlaha (ketsahalo la ho se tšoane pakeng tsa lisele tse homogeneous) le keketseho ea antigen. Ka makala a karolong e bohareng le mehaho e pakeng tsa lisele tse hōlileng ka ho feletseng immunocompetent. A ho qetela (boholo ba bona ba) ba ba lula ba e potoloha. Kahoo, e le karolo ea lisele tse ba mmele ho tloha bethe vascular susumelletsa ikutloeleng karete efe kapa efe sebopeho sireletsang le khutla. All dikarolo ea likarolo ho sireletsa mohaho ke kokangana. lisele tsa sebelisana le balekane ba bona ka ho sa feleng ka ho toba kena mabapi kapa ho lokolloa ea tse ling le immunoglobulins (lisireletsi) ka tikoloho. Ea tse ling, tse thehoa ka ho monocytes le macrophages, e tsejoang e le monokines, 'me ha thehoa ke lymphocytes - lymphokines.

Kahoo, interrelationship ya dibopeho kaofela boitshireletso ba mmele le lona antibody abetswe tsona seleng e bopa e mochine o rarahaneng oa ho intša tšireletso.