Ho coking mashala le moo e sebediswa

Keketseho ea litheko oli le batla mehloli e meng eneji, le se ke feela ile sa etsa hore tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e ncha, empa hape lefa a lebisa tlhokomelo ho tse ling, lintho tse bonahalang ha ho na tlase le thuso e tala - mashala. Indasteri ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e coking mashala. ke eng boleng ba eona le moo ho hlahisoang - e ngotsweng sehlooho sena.

ke coking mashala seo

mashala sena, ho tloha eo ka eona maemo a coking Coke fumana matla a itseng le boholo. E emela boleng ba e moholo bakeng sa ho indasteri e 'me o thabela ho batloang matla ka liindasteri tse ngata. Kahoo, coking mashala e le mafura a ka sehloohong o ile a sebelisa ka steelmaking le matla.

Coking mashala a fapana ho ea ka tse ling mashala a bontšang fallela boemong polasetiki le ho sinter holim 'kgahlamelo ya maqhubu a ho thempereichara e phahameng ntle oksijene.

Sebopeho coking mashala

Coking mashala e foromo khobokellane le unfortified tšoauoa ka e tlaase molora dikahare (ka tlase ho 10%), e dikahare tlaase ea dikarolo hloka botsitso (15 ho 37%) le sebabole (ka tlase ho 3,5%). Ha ho bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea mashala, mashala coking ba le phahameng combustion e mocheso le tšoauoa ka e dikahare ka tlaase ea litšila. The karo-karolelano ea dikarolo tse fapaneng mobung thepa mashala a ka tsela e sa tšoaneng. Ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka ho tshebetso ya ho coking. Ho joalo, ho hlile a ikemiselitse ke ho hlophisoa lona, coking, sintering boitšoaro ba le litsupa tse ling ho e lokisa ya mashala. Ka naha ea Soviet Union ea mehleng bakeng sa mashala coking sebelisoa mefuta ena:

• By - Coke.
• F - mafura.
• G - khase.
• OS - otoschenno-caking.
• SS - silnospekayuschiesya.

thulaganyou e coking

Tlas'a fana ka maikutlo a coking tshebetso ya ho fetola leshala ho Coke. Ho e na le mekhahlelo e 'maloa. Ka ho ba sethaleng pele ho ba lokisetsa ho ea mashala coking. Epilwe mashala e fatše le theha e leng motsoako khethehileng - motsoako. Ka mohatong o latelang o etsoang coking. E hlaha ka likamoreng khethehileng tsa Coke khase setofo sebelisa futhumatsang. Lokisetsa qoso kenngoa ka ontong ka lihora tse 15 moo ka nako eohle o etsoa ho hōlisa mocheso ho 1000 ° C. Ka lebaka la mokhoa ona o fumanoa ka "Coke kaka."

Coking thekenoloji lekholong la mashome a mabeli, e leng e se e fetohile, e leng ile a lumella ntshetsopeleng ya mobung o motjha mashala.

Ho hakanngoa hore hoo e ka 10% ea tlhahiso ea lefatše lohle ea thulaganyou e mashala carbonization e bang teng. Sena se tiisa ho ba teng ha e phahameng liindasteri tlhokeho ya mashala coking.

Seo distinguishes e coking le mashala mogote

Boleng khōlō ka ho fetisisa ho indasteri e fana coking mashala, e leng e sebelisoa e le mafura a thulaganyo mafapha a mangata liindasteri tsa moruo. Ka mohlala, bakeng sa ho qhibilihisa tšepe. The tšobotsi sehlooho tseo distinguishes e mashala coking ka matla a - ho ba teng vitro. Sena molora motsoako ya mashala, e leng thehoa ke li bole kapele 'ea limela ka ho ba sieo ha oksijene. thepa Vitrain ke bokhoni ba ho qhibiliha le sintered tlas'a mocheso phahameng. Ka tsela eo, carbon microparticles ba lamellar ka boima mong tiileng. E khōlō ea mahloriso ea vitro a phahameng boleng ya mashala coking.

Lenane moholo ka ho fetisisa ntho fusible tse mashala litempe joalo: Coke, Gas, mafura, otoschenno-caking le coking mafura.

letšoao la mashala

Ka tlhaho, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea mashala tse fapaneng botekgeniki sebopeho, le litsupa sinterability dikarolo hloka botsitso. Coking mashala a loketse bakeng sa Brands feela e seng mekae. Empa eseng kaofela ha bona ke a loketse bakeng sa sintering foromo e hloekileng. Ka linako tse ling u lokela ho eketsa ba bang ba dikarolo. Ho joalo, ho na le limaraka tse latelang tsa mashala coking:

1. By - Coke. Ka coking ena mashala sehlopheng e fumana foromo e hloekileng masusu metallurgical Coke. Ka e phahameng mashala boleng eketsa bakeng Brands tse ling - ka sebete kapa khase.
2. QL - Coke mafura. Ho na le coking molemo ka ho fetisisa, haholo-holo sebelisoa ho fumana Coke ntle phaella ka ho re limaraka tse ling tsa mashala. Sebopeho sa mafura Coke mashala e na le ho fihlela ho 30% ya dikarolo hloka botsitso. Ponahatso vitrain - 1.3%. The bokima jwa lera polasetiki e 18 limilimithara. Ha ho liphetoho tse Coke boleng lumelloa go tlaleletsa ka setempe ho 20% nt, OS, le KO.
3. KO - Coke otoschenny. The bokima jwa lera ke 10-12 limilimithara, ponahatso vitrain - ho fihlela ho 1%. E le busa, cha ena e sa sebelisoa feela, empa feela ka kopanelo le LCD le mashala combustible.
4. SPE - Coke caking nizkometamorfozny. Nakong ea sintering ea mofuta ona ea mashala Coke thehoa washable tlaase matla a, kahoo, ho e haholo-holo sebelisoa bakeng sa sintering le matshwao a mang kapa ho hlahisa khase ea maiketsetso.
5. COP - Coke caking. The bokima jwa lera polasetiki e 9 limilimithara. Ho tšoauoa ka sinterability tlaase. Nt sehlopheng mashala Coke e sebediswa e le likhoebo emaciated motsoako. Hape e sebelisoa libakeng tse ling ea tlhahiso bakeng sa go tuka ga molelo stratified.
6. Reba - khase Coke. Ha carbonization ka lihlahisoa tse ntle Coke fused, empa le matla a tlaase phetha molao feela. sintered sehlahisoa e habonolo arohane likoto tse nyenyane. Ka tloaelo ho, khase mashala e sebelisoa ka metsoako le mashala a mang coking.

Sintering nkoa molemo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa matshwao joalo coking mashala: sebete, caking, khase, otoschenno-caking le coking foromo bo hloekileng. Ba na le chelete e monyenyane ka ho fetisisa litšila 'me ba na le ductility phahameng.

Masimong a kopo

Sepheo se ka sehloohong sa coking mashala - liindasteri mafura. Nakong combustion ea mashala coking ntša e ngata ea eneji, le mocheso. Ka tsela eo, sena mafura thothetsang molelo mocheso ke 470ºS. Empa tukang - se tsela feela ea ho Ntša thepa le thuso ea matsoai ena. Ho na le tse ngata mafapheng tse ling tsa moruo eo ho eona mashala coking sebelisoa ka katleho. Tshebediso ya mohlodi ena ea tlhaho ka dithulaganyo liindasteri dumella ho fumana ho tloha e loto, molybdenum, zinki germanium, sebabole, gallium le likarolo tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale. dikopo Industrial ba boetse ba senya le indasteri mashala. Ho joalo, ba ile ba ba sebetswa ka refractories le abrasives. Hape senya hlahiswa thepa ea ho haha.

Ka palo yohle, ho mafura e etsoa ka lejoe holim'a mefuta e sa tsoaneng 300 tsa lihlahisoa. Mashala e sebediswa e le lintho tse bonahalang tsa motheo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea k'habone le graphite likarolo mehaho vysokoazotnyh acid tse sebelisoang ka menontsha. kopo ea atlehang dintho tse lokolloa nakong tshebetso coking. Kahoo, nakong ea distillation ommeng oa mashala sekontiri bōptjoa ka 'ona metsi ammonia. Ba boetse ho na le recyclable.

Ho feta moo, ba ntse ba tsoela coking ba abelwa lihlahisoa gaseous, eo na le benzene, phenol, toluene le ammonia. Ba e le mohloli oa limatlafatsi tse ling.

Tse qotsitsoeng ea coking oa mashala Ukraine

Coking oa mashala Ukraine e haholo-holo sebelisoa ka likhoebo metallurgical. Kahoo, ho indasteri e tšepe litlaleho e ka bang ka 90% ya tlhokeho palo yohle ya mofuta ona wa mafura. indasteri e meepo fana ka naha coking mashala hare maraka% 60 feela. Tse setseng 40% ya mashala chesa eo. Moabi o ka sehloohong oa mashala coking ho Ukraine ke Russia.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho eketseha ha ho hlokahala thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling e tala ka har'a naha. Sena ke ka lebaka la ho fokotseha tlhahiso ruuoang. Hape, ho se ho hlokahala lintho tse bonahalang malapeng tala oela ka lebaka la phokotseho ea boleng ba eona, e le tšepe Mills ka se ke ua sebelisa mashala le dikahare phahameng sebabole.

Ukraine, le coking mashala hlahisoa libeisine: Donetsk, Lvov-Volyn, Dnieper. Palo e khōlō ea mehloli ea mashala ba concentrated ka Donetsk, Luhansk le Dnipropetrovsk libaka. Ka nako eo, ka lebaka la ho se tsitse ha lipolotiki tsa coking mashala ka bochabela ho Ukraine emisitswe.

tlhahiso ea mashala Russia

mobung kgolo mashala ba sebakeng Russia. Ho ea ka lipalo, naha e 'ngoe ea libaka la pele lefatšeng ka mehloli mashala. Ho feta 67% ya bona ka mashala. Ho bana, 10% ba coking mashala.

Russia coking mashala epilwe ka matamo: Kuznetsk, Pechora, Yuzhno-Yakutsk, Donetsk le Kizel. Pele matamo a mabeli a hlahisa mashala a mangata ka ho fetisisa.

Mehloli ea coking mashala Russia e limilione tse likete tse 47,3. Lithane tse. Leha ho le joalo, karolo e nyenyane feela e loketse ea ho sebelisa. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho hlahisoa ha coking mashala Russia ka boemo ba 70 mln. Lithane tse ka selemo. Sena ke ka ho lekaneng hore fana ka lihlahisoa tse tala, likhoebo le liindasteri hare ho naha.

mashala Coking e epilwe Russia tsitsitseng lebelo. Kgolo ya tlhahiso ea mashala e ke e etsahale ka tabeng ea ho eketseha ha tlhokeho ya mofuta ona wa lihlahisoa tse tala e bakiloeng ke tsoelo-pele ea liindasteri metallurgical le amanang ya moruo Serussia.

Litebello tsa coking maraka mashala

Lilemong tse tlang ea Russia indasteri mashala a emetse phetoho. libakeng tse ka sehloohong ea tsoelo-pele ea indasteri e tla ama tsamaiso ea paatsepama ea tlhahiso mashala. Kahoo, leano la setjhaba e fana ka bakeng sa ho thehoa ha merafong ea mashala motheong oa mehaho e eneji, le matla a tse nyenyane le tse mahareng. E boetse e rerile ho kenya thepa ea ka dimela mashala, eo dumella hore ho sebetsa mashala ka tuki hloekileng a maiketsetso a.

Mabapi le meqolo thekiso, tlhokeho ya coking mashala Russia e tla hōla. 'Nete ke hore, ho phaella ho likhoebo tšepe Coke sebedisa batho bao e seng ferrous metallurgy le liindasteri tse ling tse ngata. Kahoo, ho hlahisa thane e le 1 ea tšepe fariki hloka ka 0,4 tsa boima ba lithane Coke. Empa theknoloji e mefuta e meng e ka nka sebaka mo ka lithibelo mohlodi chelete e ngata ho feta sebetsa.

le coking lefatše mekhoa maraka mashala

Ho fihlela joale, batho ba bangata mashala lik'hamphani tsa linaha tsohle tobane le bothata ka litheko coking mashala. bothata bona e exacerbated boemong boo fana Coke ka tekanyo e fetisisang. E boetse e ba le tšusumetso e khōlō ka litheko na le tšekamelo ea ho fokotsa ditjeo moreki. boemo bo bong malimabe hlaha ho tswa ho ba le takatso ea ho bahlahisi tšepe ho fokotsa ditjeo tlhahiso. Europe le Chaena, ho se ho hlokahala coking mashala tsoela pele ho hōla, empa ho ke ke loketseng ho ho hlahisa dihlopha phahameng. Empa ka kakaretso, e bophahamo ba modumo ea reka ya lihlahisoa tse tala ka 'maraka lefatše oa.

Nakoana ho tsitsisa boemo le thepa eneji, le tala 'marakeng US. Empa theko nile a tsoela pele ho a oa ka lebaka la ho ya tlhokeho tlaase bakeng sa tšepe. Ka lebaka leo, ena e ka 'na ea fokotseha tlhahiso ea coking mashala ka US le Europe.

Empa litsebi li bolela esale pele ka ho phahama ka naha ea thepa ea matla a India. Ka bohlokoa ba modumo ea mashala coking naheng ena palo ea boraro lefatšeng.

litsenyehelo tsa ho lihlahisoa tse tala

Ka kotara ea bobeli ea 2015. The hlokomela ho fokotseha ha ditheko bakeng sa coking mashala. lik'hamphani a maholo a lefatše fana ka lihlahisoa tse tala ka theko e ka 5-10% tlaase bapisoa le kotara ea pele. Kahoo, k'hamphani ea South African Anglo American e filwe Japane coking mashala ke ea boleng phahameng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa 116 USD ka ton 1. Theko karolelano bakeng ton 1 of coking mashala ke 117 liranta US.