Glial liseleng. Mesebetsi le litšobotsi tsa lisele tse glial

The tsamaiso ea methapo e na le, e seng feela ba methapo ea kutlo 'me dithulaganyo tsa bona. 40% e emeloang ke lisele tse glial, e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa bophelong ba hae. Ba ka ho toba le fokotsa boko le tsamaiso ea methapo ho tloha ba bang kaofela ba maro a 'mele le netefatsa tšebetso ea oona ikemetseng, eo e hlileng e le habohlokoa hore batho le liphoofolo tse ling tse nang le tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng. Le lisele tse glial khona ho arolela ba bang seo etsa hore ba fapane le methapo ea kutlo.

Khopolo kakaretso ea glia

Behantsha ea lisele glial bitsoa glia. Ena e khethehileng, baahi ba seleng, tse tsamaisong ea bohareng methapo le periphery. Ba tšehetsa boko le lesapong la mokokotlo foromo, hammoho le fa ka limatlafatsi. E o tsejoa hore nakong e tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha mali boko mokoallo, na likarabo tsa 'mele. Leha ho le joalo, ka ho ikopanya le antigen tsoang linaheng tse ling ka boko kapa lesapo la mokokotlo khoele, hammoho le ka cerebrospinal mokelikeli lisele tse glial, fokotswa macrophage manaka lisele pheriferale, phagocytose eona. Ho feta moo, ho ke ho arohana le lisele tse sa pheriferale ea boko e fana neuroglia.

Ya boitshireletso ba mmele ho sireletsa bokong

Boko, e leng nka a mangata a itšoare skeletal, 'me kahoo theha e boima ba dintho immunogenic, e lokela ho sireletsoa maloetseng humoral. Ke habohlokoa ho utloisisa hore ho dinama tse nyenyane tse neuronal ea boko e ela hloko haholo ho senya, ka mor'a moo methapo ea kutlo tse tsosolositsoeng mokhoa o sa fellang feela. Ho joalo, ponahalo ea sebaka ka tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng, e leng tla amohela ba sebakeng seo e le karabelo ya boitshireletso ba mmele, 'me o tla etsa hore lefu la ba bang ba lisele tse e potolohileng kapa methapo ea kutlo demyelination dithulaganyo.

Ka periphery ea 'mele e senyehile lisele tse somatic tla haufinyane tlala e sa tsoa thehoa. Le bokong ho tsosolosa lahlehile mosebetsi wa neuron e ke ke ha khoneha. 'Me e lekanyetsang ea neuroglia boko ho tswa ho kopana le boitshireletso ba mmele, ho eo tsamaiso ea bohareng tšohile - palo e khōlō ea antigens tsoang linaheng tse ling.

Classification ea lisele glial

lisele tse Glial li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli, ho itšetlehile ka phetoho le hlahang ho yona. lisele tse Microglial secrete le macroglia. The mofuta pele lisele tse e simoloha ho tloha lakane mesodermal. Sena se le ka liseleng tse nyenyane le dithulaganyo tse ngata ba nang le bokhoni-butle phagocytose. Macroglia - ka sehlahisoa sa ectoderm ena. Glial lisele tse macroglia arotsoe ka mefuta e 'maloa ho itšetlehile ka phetoho ena. Abelwang karolo ya ependymal le astrocytic lisele le oligodendrocytes. Tsena mefuta e sa baahi seleng e ba boetse ba arotsoe ka mefuta e 'maloa.

Ependymal glia

lisele tse Ependymal glia li fumanoa libakeng tse itseng tsa tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng. Ba theha endothelial lera ya ventricles tsa boko le e bohareng lesapo la mokokotlo kanale. tšimoloho ea eona embryogenesis ba nka ho tswa ho ectoderm sa, 'me ka hona emela mofuta o khethehileng oa neuroepithelium. O selotlolo mekhahlelo le etsa palo ya mesebetsi:

• ngoe e re: ke phetha molao foreime ventricles, eo hape tshehetswa ke khatello hydrostatic ea ho mokelikeli cerebrospinal;
• secretory khethang bo tahang ka lik'hemik'hale tse itseng;
• fihla moo ho arohanang: arola boko dinama tse nyenyane tse ho tloha CSF ena.

mefuta ependimotsitov

Har'a ependimotsitov na maikutlo a lona. Ho ependimotsity 1st le botsitso 2nd le tanitsity. Pele ea pele foromo (basal) lera ependymal lera le bobeli lera ependimotsity leshano holimo bona. Ho ke ke bohlokwa hore ho ependymal glia 1st odara amehang sebopeho gematoglificheskogo mokoallo (pakeng tsa mali le tikoloho ka hare tsa ventricles le). Ependimotsity 2nd odara li villi sekametseng ka tataiso ea CSF jwale. Hape ho na le tanitsity eo etsa lisele receptor.

Ba leng teng likarolong tse ka lateral ba tlase ya ventricle boraro. Le microvilli lehlakoreng apical le e 'ngoe ka tshebetso basal, ba ka e fetisetsa tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le ea ho hlophisoa ha methapo ea kutlo ea CSF mokelikeli. Ka tsela eo ka boeona e joala ka tse ngata openings nyane slit ependimotsitami pakeng 1st le botsitso 2nd 'na a oa ka ho toba liseleng tsa kutlo. Hona ho bolela hore ependyma ke mofuta o khethehileng oa epithelium. A tshebetso empa ha morphological manaka ho periphery ea 'mele - the endothelium ea methapo ea mali.

oligodendrocytes

Oligodendrocytes - le mefuta ea lisele glial hore a lika-liketse methapo ea kutlo le dithulaganyo. Li fumanoa ka tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng, hammoho le haufi le methapo pheriferale le autonomic tsoakileng. Sami oligodendrocytes lisele tse polygonal ba a hlomelloa le makala a 1-5. Ba ba letlooeng le mong ho e mong, ho itšehla methapo ea kutlo ho tloha tikolohong ka hare le ho fana ka maemo a bakeng sa conduction methapo ea kutlo le pulse length o mong. Ho na le mefuta e meraro ea oligodendrocytes, e fapana ka phetoho:

• seleng e bohareng teng ho pota bokong 'mele seleng ea;
• Lula gorole potolohileng 'mele oa neuron ka ganglia pheriferale;
• lisele tse Schwann koahetse lehlomela neuronal le setšoantšo sa hae, e myelin selateng.

Oligodendrotsitarnye lisele tse glial fumanoang ka boko le lesapong la mokokotlo, le methapo pheriferale. Ho feta moo, ha le tsejoe se fapane le sa lula setsi seleng. Fuoa hore boitsebiso bo liphatseng tsa lefutso liseleng tsohle tsa 'mele, ka ntle ho kopanela liphate, e tšoanang, ho ka etsahala hore ebe ho oligodendrocytes ka bona baa nka sebaka sa e mong le e tse ling. oligodendrocyte mosebetsi ka tsela ena:

• tšehetso;
• kwahelang;
• ho itšehla thajana;
• trophic.

astrocytes

Astrocytes - e glial boko lisele tsa boko ntho. Ba naleli e bōpehileng joaloka le e le mokhutšoanyane ka seemo, le hoja ba li feta lisele tse microglial. Tabeng ena ho na le mefuta e 'meli feela ea astrocytes: fibrous le protoplasmic. The mofuta pele lisele tse teng ka tšoeu le taba ea bohlooho ea boko, le hoja ba tse ling tse ngata ka e tšoeu.

Sena se bolela hore ba ile ba ba atileng ka ho fetisisa libakeng tse moo ho na le palo e khōlō ea dithulaganyo myelinated neuronal. Protoplasmic astrocytes - e boetse e glial lisele tse: fumanoa tšoeu le bohlooho taba ea boko, empa ho na le ba bang ba bangata ka o moputsoa ka. Sena se bolela hore mosebetsi oa bona ke ho fana ka tšehetso bakeng sa 'mele oa methapo ea kutlo' me mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng mehaho ea mali-boko mokoallo.

microglia

lisele tse Microglial - sena ke mofuta ea ho qetela ea glia. Leha ho le joalo, ho fapana ho liseleng tse ling kaofela ha tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng, ba na le tšimoloho mesodermal le emela mefuta e itseng ea monocytes. precursors bona ba thibela lisele tsa mali. Ka lebaka la litšobotsi mehaho ea methapo ea kutlo le dithulaganyo tsa bona tsa likarabo boitshireletso ka tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng ba na le boikarabelo ba liseleng tse sa tsoa glial. Le mesebetsi ea tsona e haholo tse tšoanang le tsa ka macrophages dinama tse nyenyane tse. Ba na le boikarabelo ba phagocytosis le antigen nehelano le ho amohela.

Microglia na le mefuta e khethehileng ea lisele glial hore na le lesihla la receptors khethollo ea, e leng se tiisang hore lesapo moko hlahang ho yona le ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha mesebetsi bona sa 'mele ka CNS. Ba ne ba boetse ba na le boikarabelo bakeng sa ntshetsopele ya demyelinating mafu, lefu la Alzheimer le lefu Parkinson. Leha ho le joalo, ka seleng ka boeona e - e 's feela e le tsela ea ho phethahala ha tshebetso pathological. Hobane, mohlomong, ha tla kgona ho fumana mochine oa Tshebediso ya ya microglia, di hatella dithulaganyo tsa mafu ana.