Khatello ea metsi

Hydrostatics ke e 'ngoe ea likaroloana tsa li-hydraulic tse ithutang boemo ba metsi bo lekaneng le khatello e etsoang ka metsi a phomolang libakeng tse sa tšoaneng.

Khatello ea metsi ke motheo oa motheo oa hydrostatics. A re nahaneng ka molumo oa metsi o lekanang oa ho lekana. Ka hare ho moqolo ona, tšoaea ntlha A le kelellong e arohane ka halofo ka sefofane se fetang motseng A. Ka sefofane sena, khetha sebaka le sebaka sa S le bohareng ba ntlha A. Re tlosa halofo ea molumo mme re nkela matla ao e sebetsanang le 'ona ka lebelo le lekaneng. F. Kahoo, metsi a halofo ea bobeli a ntse a phomotse.

Hona joale re qala ho fokotsa sebaka sa S e le hore ntlha A e lule ka hare ho eona. Ka ho fokotsa ho lekaneng, ntlha A e lumellana le sethala S. Le khatello ho ntlha A e tla khethoa ka mokhoa oa P (A) = lim dF / dS bakeng sa dS ho fetela ho zero.

Joale khatello e sebelisoang ho pad S e tla lekanngoa le likhatello tse etsoang lintlheng tsohle tsa sebaka sena. Ke hore, ka mantsoe a mang: p = F / S. Khatello ea hydrostatic ke bohlokoa bo lekanang le quotient ea ho arohana ha matla F ka sebakeng sa S.

Lebaka la khatello ea hydrostatic ke: boima ba metsi ka boeona le khatello e sebelisoang holim'a metsi. Kahoo, khatello e bakiloeng ke boima ba metsi le khatello ea ka ntle ke mefuta ea khatello ea hydrostatic. Haeba metsi a kenngoa piston, 'me matla a mang a sebelisoa ho eona, ka tlhaho, khatello kahare ho metsi e tla eketseha. Tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng, mokelikeli o hatelloa ke khatello ea sepakapaka. Haeba khatello e ka holim'a metsi e tlas'a khatello ea moeeng, khatello ena e bitsoa khatello ea gauge.

Mokelikeli o lekanngoeng haeba khatello eohle e qobella ho sebetsa ka mokhoa leha e le ofe o lekaneng oa metsi o leka-lekana.

A re hlahlobeng khatello ea hydrostatic le thepa ea eona:

• Bakeng sa ntlha leha e le efe e kenngoang ka mokelikeli, motsoako oa khatello ea hydrostatic o lebisitsoe ka hare ho molumo oa eona le ka tsela e lumellanang le sebaka seo ho fanoeng ka sona.

A re ke re bonts'a setša sena: nka hore sebaka seo matla a sebelisoang ho sona sebakeng se itseng ha se toba. Re emela matla F le P (a tloaelehileng), P (tangential). A re nke hore karolo ea tangential e ke ke ea lekanngoa le zero, joale e tlas'a tšusumetso ea eona metsi a tlameha ho phalla ka tsela e sekametseng, empa e phomola ntlha. Kahoo sephetho se fana ka maikutlo a hore khafetsa e nkoa 'me phello ea khatello e etsahala ka hohle ho sebaka seo. Thepa e paka.

• Khatello ea hydrostatic e tšoana hohle.

A re ke re bonts'a setša sena sa hydrostatic khatello: ka molumo oa metsi o se nang moeli re khetha tetrahedrone eo lifofane tsa eona tse peli li lumellanang le lifofane tsa bohokahanyi, 'me ea boraro e khethoa ka ho toba. Ka botlaaseng re fumana tharo e meraro e nepahetseng. Ketso ea mokelikeli ka sefahleho ka seng e hlalosoa ke: X * (P), Y * (P), Z * (P) Mokelikeli o lekana, ka hona phello eohle ea mabotho ohle ke 0.

E * (x) = 0

X * (P) dz -E * (P) ea sebe a = 0,

E * (y) = 0, E * (z) = 0

Z * (P) dx -E * (P) de cos a = 0

Ho totobetse hore z = sin e, dx = de cos a

Ho sena: X * (P) = E * (P), Z * (P) = E * (P)

Sephetho: X * (P) = Y * (P) = Z * (P) = E * (P)

Thepa e paka. Kaha sefahleho se khethiloe ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho lekanana hona ho nepahetse bakeng sa nyeoe leha e le efe.

• Khaello ea hydrostatic e fapana ka ho toba ho ea ka botebo. Ka botlalo bo ntseng bo eketseha, khatello e ntseng e eketseha e tla eketseha, 'me ka botebo bo fokotsehang ba ho kolobetsoa - keketseho.

Ntho leha e le efe ea mokelikeli o lekanang le o lekanang le o latelang: j + p / g = j (o) + p (o) / g = H, moo j e leng mohokahanyi oa ntlha, j (o) ke khokahano ea metsi, p le P (o) ke bophahamo ba melamu, g ke matla a tebileng a metsi, mme H ke hlooho ea hydrostatic.

Ka lebaka la liphetoho, re fumana: p = p (o) + g [j (0) -j] kapa p = p (o) + gh

Ke botebo ba ho kolobetsoa ha ntlha e fanoeng, 'me gh ke ntho e' ngoe feela ho feta boima ba kholu ea metsi e lekanang le bophahamo ba h le ho ba le litekanyetso sebakeng se ka tlaase. Sebaka sena sa khatello ea hydrostatic e bitsoa Molao oa Pascal.