E ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route. Likou tsa Northern Sea Route. Ntshetsopeleng ya boleng le ntshetsopele ya Northern Sea Route

Russia e na le libakeng tse metsing bohlokoa ka Arctic. Ka expanses tsena larileng ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route (NSR) - e ikhethang likepe tsela e khōlō ka ho fetisisa historing thahasellisang le tebello e kholo haholo.

The tsela tummeng leoatle hore tsoela ka North

E ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route ho nkoa ba ka sehloohong le bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa thoroughfare tsa thomello Russia ka libaka Arctic. O tsoela ka maoatle phallang ka Ocean Arctic. tseleng e khōlō ena e amahanya likoung leoatle teng ka European le Hōle Bochabela likarolong tse ling tsa Russia. Tšimoloho ea Northern Sea Route - the Kara Heke. E fella ka tsela e khōlō ka tataiso ea Bay. Bolelele kakaretso ea ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route - taelo ea 5600 km le, ka lekhetlo la pele ho tsohle ba tsamaea moreplavatelnaya Seswedishe leeto eteletsoe pele ke Nordenskiöld lilemong 1878-79.

E ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route e mafolofolo e sebelisoang ke basesisi ba likepe ba Soviet Union ka 1940-80-ogy. Ka 70 ea tseleng e khōlō hona re ile ra qala ho tsamaea ka maoto likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa. Ka mor'a ho putlama ha Soviet Union ho ile ha qala ho hlahella lekhotla hangata tsoang linaheng tse ling. The likoung kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Northern Sea Route ba Igarka, Dikson, Tiksi, Dudinka le Pevek tataiso. Navigation e laolwe ke Lefapha la Maritime Transport ba Federation Russia (Soviet Union o ile a Glavsevmorput, 'me joale e ntan'o ba Lekala la Morflot).

The likoung ka sehloohong

E ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route qala ka Leoatleng le Barents. Ka nako eo e tsoela pele ka metsi tse ling tsa maoatleng - Kara, Laptev le East Siberia le Chukchi. Ka mong le e mong 'mele metsi a teng le likoung senotlolo sa Northern Sea Route. Pele e Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, ho ea ka bochabela - Dixon, ka sebakeng sa ho Yenisei Gulf lijana fete Dudinka le Igarka, hata kena Leoatleng Laptev - ka Noordwijk, joale Tiksi (makgobokgobo ea Lena), Ambarchik (molomong oa Kolyma), le Pevek le boema-kepe ka tataiso.

Dintho tsena tsa tsa dibopeho tsa motheo thomello, tse teng ka tsona ka melomo ea linōka tse khōlō sebetsa jwalo ka transit ntlha ya thepa likepe eang teng. E ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route - e khōlō hammoho eo isoa lifate, mechine, mashala, thepa ea ho haha, lijo, matlalo a boea. The likoung ka Northern Sea Route ba ikamahanya le maemo ho fumana likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa e khōlō.

Mathata a ntshetsopele ya SMEs

Litsebi li lumela hore ho modernization tsa Serussia tsa dibopeho tsa motheo Arctic tla hloka mohlomong le dipeeletso tsa lichelete le tsa batho. Ho tla ba ho hlokahala hore ho ntlafatsa mosebetsi oa ka hydrography le meteorology ho theha tsamaiso ea teleskopbomlift leihlo la motsamao oa leqhoa, ho bōpa mafapha a 'muso le boikarabelo ba ho laola maikutlo a tikoloho. Ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore u eketse maruo Moe, ntlafatsa koung tsa dibopeho tsa motheo.

Ho phaella moo, bahlahlobisisi ba re, ho na le litokollo tsa ngata bileng le eona mabapi le ho normative-semolao botlaaseng laolang motsamao oa likepe hammoho NSR ena. Ka litsela tse ngata, karolo ena e tla fumana mohala motle ho feta ho batsetedi tsoang linaheng tse ling - 'me a sa feela tšimong ea thepa thomello, jwalo jwalo, empa hape le likarolo e haufi. Tse kang, ho etsa mohlala, ho Arctic bohahlauli. Ho na le batho ba bangata ba batla ho etsa leeto la ho ea North Pole, le lik'hamphani ho tloha Russia ka 'na ba ea lefatše ho ea ba fanang ka thepa kholo ka ho fetisisa ya ditshebeletso joalo maeto.

Interest tsoang linaheng tse ling

Ho ea ka litsebi tse ling li, ntshetsopele ya Northern Sea Route ke itlammeng ka tokelo e khethehileng ea Russia, e seng feela, empa hape linaheng tse ling tse 'maloa. Pele ho tsohle, matla kgolo ya Asia-Pacific - China le India. Ho bontša thahasello le e nyenyane e nang le tšusumetso e re - tse kang Singapore. Ba bang ba boholong Russia ba etsa tlhahiso ea hore re hloka melao ea molao e laolang motsamao oa ho tsamaisa likepe e name ho lik'hamphani baditjhaba thomello.

boemo bo, litsebi li re, ka thatafatsoa ke boemo ba United States ba u sa nahane hore senotlolo sa Northern Sea Route ke feela ka matla Russia. Ho feta moo, ho ea ka molao oa tsamaiso ea molao ea tseleng e khōlō esita le ho Russia ho na le ho na tumellano. Empa ho na le babuelli ba molao ba neng ba lumela hore Russia e na le tokelo ea ho e laola karolo ea likepe hammoho e ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route ka litloaelo tsa United Nations Tumellano ka Molao oa Leoatle le, e thehilweng ka 1982.

Ka tsamaiso ya anak smp

'Muso oa' mele oa ka sehloohong eo e ikemiseditse ho ho laola tsamaya ka anak smp le - ke Administration tsa Northern Sea Route, ofisi ea bohareng e teng Moscow. Ho ea ka litloaelo tsa molao Russia, thomello metsing a lipeipi e etsoa ka mokhoa o lumella. lijana beng lokela ho sebelisa pele ho sebelisa metsi NSR. Tsamaiso ea Northern Sea Route lekola le ho etsa qeto ea ho fa kapa hana eona. Ho thahasellisang ke hore tsamaiso e kopo e haholo sebjalebjale: litokomane ka romeloa elektronike, 'me, ho feta moo, ka Senyesemane, e leng e loketseng haholo bakeng sa ho seafarers tsoang linaheng tse ling. NSR Administration hlahloba kopo ea pele ho feta matsatsi a 10 ho sebetsa le beha karabo ea hao (qeto mabapi le hore na kapa ha ho fana ka lengolo la tumello) websaeteng ya semmuso.

tokelo ea ho tsamaea leoatleng

Russia Northern Sea Route - e khōlō, moo ho na le tsamaya melao hlaloswang ka molao oa Federation le Serussia. A ditlhoko moholo ba bangata ba tlalehile ka tlhaho. Ka mohlala, haeba sekepe seo se lokela ho SMEs le lifapano tsa Bophirimela (East) mola, ka nako eo hang ka letsatsi motsamaisi oa sekepe o lokela ho romela ho Administration tsa Northern Sea Route lesedi senotlolo ka sekepe sa hae.

Har'a bona - le hokahanyang libaka tsa sekepe, nako e rerile qeta metsi a anak smp, tsela e tobileng, lebelo, hammoho le boitsebiso bo mabapi le ho ba teng ha leqhoa ka tsela ea sekepe. Motsamaisi oa sekepe se tla hang-hang tsebisa Administration tsa NSR tse mehloli ea lemoha oa tšilafalo. Tseo mefuta ya lijana e ke keng susumelletsa ka mahloriso le letšo-letšo la leqhoa, e lokela ho hokahanya liketso tsa bona le pshatlang leqhoa likepe le ba le puisano e sa khaotseng le tsamaiso ea anak smp ho latela litaelo tsa mokhatlo oa ka ho eketsehileng haeba ho hlokahala.

NSR

Ba bang ba basesisi ba likepe ba khetha ho se sebetse ho ya ka dipehelo tse kang Northern Sea Route, ho tlosa e le "sebaka seo" e telele. The boholo ba SMEs, kahoo extending ka hare bophara ba paballo ya naha leoatle la lik'hilomithara tse 12 le libaka moruo mahala motsamao oa lijana ke 200 lik'hilomithara tse telele. Area anak smp - ho tloha Kara Heke ho Bering Strait.

E ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route, ho ea ka palo ea seafarers - e rarahaneng ea litsela tse 'maloa thomello. bolelele bona hantle hase kamehla le ho itšetlehile haholo-holo ka liphetoho ka linako tse itseng ka botenya le lefelo la Arctic leqhoa. E ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route - ke tse fetang 70 likoung tse khōlō le lintlha. Ho na le tse 'maloa libakeng tse Russia (Chukotka, Yakutia lebōpong le le libaka haufi) bakeng sa tse NSR - e khōlō feela tlohang bona le litho tse ling tsa naha.

likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa ea nyutlelie ka anak smp

Ka lebaka la litšobotsi tse libaka le a klimate a motsamao oa methapo ea ka Northern Sea Route ke ke ha khoneha a se na ho ba le seabo ha sekepe se pshatlang leqhoa likepe. Hona joale ea ka NSR 6 likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa a nyutlelie-tsamaisoa. likepe ena etsa bonnete ba tshebetso tsitsitseng tsa tsela kaofela leoatle le rarolla ka mathata a amanang le ho ntlafatsa mokhoa oa ho libaka tsa bo Hōle North la Russia le raka, athe Arctic. Ho ea ka litsebi tse ling li, le Serussia pshatlang leqhoa likepe - the guarantor ya tshireletso ea sechaba. Ka lebaka leo, ho icebreaking sekepe e fetang 8.000 limaele - ho tloha Murmansk, Khabarovsk le ho ipolaea. Ha e le hantle, tse peli tsa lik'hamphani kholo ka ho fetisisa ba kopanela thomello ka NSR e, ngolisitsoeng ka metse ena e 'meli. Ho ea ka litsebi tse ling li, le Serussia pshatlang leqhoa likepe lokela ho ea eketseha. Sena se tla ntlafatsa solofetsa moruo e khōlō ho bopa sri lanka jobs se secha libakeng SMEs, ho ntlafatsa boemo le ho falla baahi ho North.

tebello ya moruo

Ho ea ka litsebi tse ling li, SMEs e lokela ho ba mokokotlo bakeng sa ho ea hlōlisanang le Suez Canal le lintho tse ling tsa kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa dibopeho tsa motheo ea likepe e name ho lefatše. Ho ea ka ba bang ba bahlahlobisisi ba, e lebetsoeng le bokgoni ba SMEs - ka bang limilione tse 50 tsa boima ba lithane thepa ka selemo. Seafarers ho bona ka bobona ba lumela hore anak smp ke selemo le selemo haholoanyane le ho ho feta ratoa - haholo-holo khahlanong le semelo sa kgolo ya mosebetsi ka oli le khase lik'hamphani a le sebakeng sa Yamal le Arctic.

Karolo ea bohlokoa ho tshebediso e sebetsang hantle ya litsela tse kholo ho lumeloang hore seafarers lokela ho etsa batsetedi poraefete. Dipharologanyo ke tšepo: ka 2010, anak smp e feela e ne 4 kgolo sejana, ka nako eo ka 2011 - 34, 'me ka 2012 - se 46. Litsebi li lumela hore ho na le mong le e mong lebaka la ho lebella hore kgolo ya ho eketsehileng ka mosebetsi oa lik'hamphani thomello e metsing NSR - bobeli Russia le linaheng tse ling.

karolo e phethoang ke mmuso

Ho ea ka ba bang ba bahlahlobisisi ba, pele ho qalong ea 2000s ea, Russia e lefile tshusumetso e fokolang haholo ea ntshetsopele ya Arctic ka kakaretso le Northern Sea Route ka ho khetheha. Leha ho le joalo, lilemong tsa morao tjena boemo ba e haholo tota libakeng tsena. Qala ho bonahala melao ea se secha se hlahisa litseko tse tebileng le ama ntshetsopele ya libaka haufi ho anak smp. mekhoa tsena, litsebi li re, haholo-holo ka lebaka la e moholo phetha karolo ea histori ea Russia ka Arctic, takatso ea mmuso ho boele tšusumetso ea oona tsa pele sebakeng seo. Ka 2008, Mopresidente wa saena tokomane bohlokoa - "botlhokwa ee itshetlegileng thata tsa leano la Russia puso, Arctic ho fihlela ho 2020". Northern libakeng tse Russia ho tsejoa e le e mong oa mehloli senotlolo mosolotogamaano ea naha. Ba bang ba mehloli anak smp ke ntho e puisano ea sechaba lipalangoang. Ho na le mohloli o mong oa molao - "Leano la ntshetsopeleng moruong oa Siberia", e amohetsweng ka 2010. Ho bolela hore tšebeliso e sebetsang hantle ya SMEs mehlodi ya - e le Ntho e ka sehloohong e ntshetsopeleng le atlehileng. moruo sebakeng Siberia.

Ho eloa hloko ke China

E mong oa libapali ho fetisisa a sebetsang a tsoang linaheng tse ling mabapi le ho tsamaea leoatleng ka metsi a anak smp - China, e leng ho ts'oarana le Russia eo lilemong tsa morao tjena considers haholo-holo tshwaneleha. Ka hoetla selemong sa 2013, litsebi tse ling li hlokometse e mohlala thahasellisang, tse amanang le temana e ka Leboea Sea Route Yong Sheng sejana. Ho ile ha fumaneha hore sekepe, eaba li khetha ho tsamaea ka Serussia Railway, hlōla ka libeke tse peli bapisoa le ha sesa ka tsela ea setso bakeng sa basesisi ba likepe tsa Machaena Toropong ea Leoatle la Indian ka Suez Canal. Ya e le hantle, e ne e ka se ama keketseho eketsehileng thahasello ea ya lik'hamphani Chinese thomello ea ho sebelisa ka tsela e motle. Tšebelisano mmeedi ya tsamaya ka metsi a anak smp e mafolofolo tšohloa pakeng tsa Chaena le Russia ka phahameng ka ho mmuso.

Mopresidente oa Russia ka anak smp ho

Thahasello ea puso ea ka ho feta matla e le e atlehang ntshetsopele ya Northern Sea Route e amahanngoa ke mohlala oa boemo ba Mopresidente. Vladimir Putin e laela 'mele phethahatso hore le tlohe ka 2015 letseno ka litsela tse kholo anak smp lithane tse ho fihlela ho limilione tse 4. Ka mokhoa ona e speeded kenela laele likepe tse ncha ea nang le bokhoni ea ho ea maemo a leqhoa, hammoho le leqhoa-qartulad - ea nyutlelie le disele. Mopresidente ya o ile a hlokomela hore ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho ntlafatsa tsa motheo ea puisano, tsamaya ea likepe e name, ho boloka likepe. Pakane ea lefatše - etsa hore bo qetelle e khōlō le hore e be motle lik'hamphani poraefete ka Russia le linaheng tse ling tataiso. Kamoo le atlehileng. e tla ba tsoelo-pele ea SMEs, hlooho ea 'muso, e itšetlehile ka tsela eo ka Russia nakong e tlang tla ba khona ho ntshetsa pele ditabatabelo tsa bona ipatlele ea sechaba ka Arctic.

Bohlokoa ba NSR bakeng sa Russia

Vladimira Putina ditaelo tse dumellanang le 'nete hore' muso oa kakaretso e mabapi le kamoo e lokela ho ba ho ntshetsa pele ya Northern Sea Route. Ntshetsopele ya moruo ba libaka tse 'maloa tsa Russia itšetlehile ka kaho ea tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tla joang le atlehileng. SMEs - haholo-holo ka China Arkhangelsk, Siberia. Ho ea ka ba bang ba bahlahlobisisi ba, bohlokoa ba Northern Sea Route ho Russia ke ho le thata ho feteletsa. Bakeng sa naha ya rona, ya anak smp - hase feela e tsepisa metsing e khōlō, empa hape sesebelisoa eo o tla rarolla ho hongata ka sebaka Arctic. Ka hona, esita le haeba moruong ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route ke ke la ba joaloka e ka bolokang tjhelete ha e ntse e lebeletsoe ba boholong, litsebi, 'muso o naheng e lokela ho lumela e tla tsoela pele ho sebelise a tsa dibopeho tsa motheo koung le haha likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa - ho fetola haeba ho hlokahala, SMEs ka mosolotogamaano botlaaseng mererong ya tshireletso ea sechaba.