Permittivity

lera polarizability lintho tse bonahalang e tšoauoa ka sa boleng khethehileng, e leng o bitsoa dielectric permittivity. Nahana ka seo mofuta wa boleng.

Nahana hore junifomo tšimo matla pakeng tsa tse peli tse lipoleiti qosoa ka vacuum cleaner lekanang E₀. Joale tlatsa lekhalo efe kapa efe pakeng tsa dielectric ena. liqoso motlakase, e leng se tla hlaha ho moeli pakeng tsa dielectric le mokhanni ka lebaka la karohanyo phello ea oona mokhoa o sa fellang koalloa liqoso ka lipoleiti ena. Le matla le matla E tšimo fetoha tlase E₀.

Experience e bontša hore ha ho tlatsa lekhalo pakeng tsa latellanang lipoleiti dielectrics lekanang, ea tšimo matla tla fapana. Ka hona, ka ho tseba ka kamano pakeng tsa tiisetso tsa naha ea motlakase ea lipoleiti ka ho ba sieo ha dielectric E₀ le E ka ho ba teng ha dielectric e, ho ka etsahala ho fumana hore na polarizability, i.e. dielectric lona kamehla. palo ena e hangata denoted ke Segerike lengolo ԑ (epsilon). Ka lebaka leo, re ka ngola:

ԑ = E₀ / E.

Permittivity bontša kamoo ka makhetlo a mangata ea tšimo matla ea ya data qoso ka kobo e (homogeneous) ho ba ka tlase ho ka vacuo.

Fokotsa matla a sebelisana pakeng tsa liqoso tseo e bakiloeng ke dithulaganyo tsa karohanyo ea mahareng ka. Tšimong e motlakase, dieleketerone ka liathomo le limolek'hule tse fokotswa mabapi le ions, 'me ho na le ka moment motsotso. ke hore, limolek'hule tseo hore na le moment motsotso (haholo-holo limolek'hule metsi), ba sekametseng tšimong e motlakase. linako tsena bopa bona tšimo motlakase hore o hanyetsa tšimong e bakileng ba shebahalang ka eona. Ka lebaka leo, kakaretso ea tšimo ea motlakase e fokotsehile. Masimong nyane ketsahalo ena e hlalositsoeng ke khopolo ea ho ea kamehla dielectric.

Mona ka tlase ke le permittivity ka lephaka la dintho:

Air ................................. 1,0006 ....

Parafini .............................. .... 2

Plexiglas (Plexiglas) ...... 3-4

Ebonite ................................. .. ... 4

Porcelain ................................. .... 7

Khalase .............................. .. ...... .4-7

Mica ................................. .. ... .4-5

Silk ke likoluoa tsa tlhaho ............ 4-5

Letlapa .............................. 6-7

Amber .............................. ... ...... 12,8

Metsi .................................... ... ... .81

Tsena makgabane dintho permittivity bua ka mocheso le ka hare ho 18-20 ° C. Kahoo, dielectric kamehla-butle fapana hanyenyane le mocheso, ntle le mabaka a ba ferroelectrics.

Ho fapana le hoo, ho decreases khase ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha mocheso le ho eketseha ka lebaka la ho khatello ea eketseha. Ka mokhoa ona, ho dielectric kamehla moea e nkiloeng e le e mong.

Litšila tse nyenyane le phello e fokolang ho boemo ba maro dielectric kamehla.

Haeba tse peli tse hatellang ntlha liqoso kenngoa ka kobo e sa, ea tšimo matla generated ka mong le e mong liqoso ka ntlha moo qoso e mong decreases makhetlo ԑ. From ena e latelang hore lebotho la ka leo liqoso tsena kopana le mong ho e mong, joaloka nakong e ԑ tlaase ho moo. Ka hona, molao Coulomb ya bakeng sa liqoso tsa kenngoa ka dielectric e ileng ea fanoa ke:

F = (q₁q₂) / (ԑₐr²).

ka diyuniti SI :

F = (q₁q₂) / (4πԑₐr²)

moo F - ke matla a sebelisana, q₁ le q₂, - bongata liqoso ԑ - e ke permittivity feletseng mahareng ka, le d - sebaka pakeng tsa liqoso ntlha.

Ԑ boleng dipalo ka di behilwe ka diyuniti hatellang (amanang le ho boleng feletseng tsa lephaka permittivity ԑ₀). Boleng ԑ = ԑₐ / ԑ₀ bitsoa permittivity e lekanyelitsoeng. E senola kamoo ka makhetlo a mangata ho sebelisana pakeng tsa liqoso tseo ka ke keng ba lekanngoa homogeneous mahareng e fokolang ho feta e lephaka e; ԑ = ԑₐ / ԑ₀ eo hangata e bitsoang e rarahaneng dielectric kamehla. Ԑ₀ boleng dipalo, le teba lona e itšetlehile ka mofuta oa diyuniti e khethileng; le boleng ԑ - ikemetseng. Kahoo, tsamaisong ena ea ԑ₀ esu = 1 (ena ea bone ka sehloohong unit trust); The SI lephaka permittivity e bontšoa ke:

ԑ₀ = 1 / (4π˖9˖10⁹) farad / mitha = 8,85˖10⁻¹² f e / limithara (tsamaisong ena ke ԑ₀ boleng sehlahisoa).