Bochabela meloko Maslav le baahelani ba bona: historing, libōpeho le lintlha tse thahasellisang

Karolo ea kakaretso ea batho ba Maslav, ba ile ba lula ba pele ba Mehla e Bohareng, naheng ea Bochabela European Plain, thehoa ke sehlopha sa East Maslav meloko (ba haholo e fapaneng ho tloha karolong e ka boroa le e ka bophirimela Slavs). Sena conglomerate haufi le e ngata batho ba fapaneng.

Ho hlaha ha e Bochabela Slavs

Morao-rao epolla lintho tsa khale e na le thepa eohle ea hlokahala e le hore ho totobatsa lintlha tse qaqileng tsa moo le kamoo ho ka phela ho Bochabela meloko Maslav le baahelani ba tsona. Tsela ea ho theha ea pele ea mehleng e bohareng tjhabeng tsa bona? Esita le ka makhetlo a Roma ka karolelano Maslav lula bakeng sa Vistula le ka holimo Dniestre. Tloha mona o ile a qala kolone ea bochabela - naheng ea Russia kajeno le Ukraine.

The V le VII cc ya. Slavs ba ile ba lula sebakeng seo Dnieper, re bapile ka mahlakore Antes. Ka VIII la lilemo, ka lebaka la le matla leqhubu le lecha ho falla ha thehoa setso e 'ngoe - Romny. bajari lona ne northerners. Tsena Bochabela meloko Maslav le baahelani ba bona ba ile ba lula matamo Seym linōka Desna le Sula. Tse ling "beng" ba hlahang ka lifahleho moqotetsane. Northerners lula copses le masimo, khaola le meru le mekhoabo.

The kolone ea Volga le Oka

Ka VI la lilemo, o ile a qala kolone ea Bochabela Slavs ba nakong e tlang ba Russia North le pakeng tsa Volga le Oka. Mona fallang tobane le lihlopha tse peli tsa baahelani ba - the Balts le Finno-Ugric. Oa pele oa ho ka leboea-bochabela ba ile ba fallela krivichi. Ba ile ba lula e ka Holimo Volga. North li ikhakantse Ilmen Slovenes, ba ile ba lula sebakeng sa White Lake. Mona ba kopana Pomorie. Hape ilmentsy lula Pool Mologa le Volga Yaroslavl. Hammoho le meloko tsoakane le litšebeletso.

Bochabela meloko Maslav le baahelani ba bona ba ile ba kopanela le Moscow phetseng mehleng le Region Ryazan. Ho ne ho ralikoloni vyatichi, ka tekanyo e monyenyane - ho northerners le radzimichy. , Li kentse letsoho le Don Slavs. Vyatichi fihla Prony noka 'me a lokisa ka mabōpong a le Moscow Nōka. A tsobotsi bath ya ralikoloni tsena e ne e sebeletsa tempeleng masale. Ho ea ka eena, archaeologists ba khetholloa 'me Vyatichi sebakeng phalliso. Ka leboea-bochabela Russia khahloa fallang tsitsitseng botlaaseng temo le maruo a ka matlalo a boea, o ne a se a ntse a ile a hlōleha ka likarolo tse ling tsa Maslav fedisa. Batho ba moo - imere (Finno-Ugric) - tse seng kae 'me ka potlako tsa nyamela har'a Slavs kapa ba ile ba lelekoa ho tsoa ka bona pejana leboea.

baahelani ba Bochabela

Ho tlisa baahi ba ka fihlang ka holimo ea Volga, ea Slavs e-ba baahelani ba ea Volga Bulgarians. Ba ne ba lula ka naheng ea Tatarstan ea kajeno. Maarabia nkoa batho ba habo bona ho fetisisa northerly tsa lefatše, ho tloaela ho etsa Boislamo. Motse-moholo oa 'muso oa Volga Bulgars ne motseng oa Great Bulgaria. qhobosheane ea hae o ntse a emeng. likhohlano sesole pakeng tsa Volga Bulgarians le Slavs e ka bochabela ba ile ba qala ka nako e le 'ngoe, gare wa Russia, moo khampani hae e felile ho ba tieo meloko. Likhohlano alternated le linako tsa khotso. Ka nako ena, ruisang khoebo ea hammoho le nōka e khōlō tlisa chelete e kenang bohlokoa ho mahlakoreng a mabeli.

Phalliso ea Bochabela meloko Maslav ka meeli ea eona e ka bochabela ba boetse ba a patoa naheng ea leo ho ahiloeng ho ke Khazars. batho bana, joaloka Volga Bulgarians ne Turkic. Ka nako e tšoanang, ho Khazars ne e le Bajuda, e le hore e ne e le e sa tloaelehang haholo bakeng sa Europe mehleng ena. Ba laoloa tšimong ea bohlokoa ho tswa Don ho Leoatle la Caspian. Pelo ea ea nang le Khazar Khanate ne a ka fihlang ka tlaase ea Volga, moo haufi Astrakhan ea kajeno ho na le Khazar motse-moholo oa Itil.

baahelani ba bophirimela

Moeli o ka bophirimela oa ho fedisa ea Bochabela Slavs nkoa Volyn. Ho tloha moo ho ea Dnieper phetse Duleby - selekane tsa meloko a 'maloa. Archeologists Itekanyeng ho setso Prague-korchak. Selekane kenyelleditswe Volhynians, drevlyans, Dregovichi le setsiketsi. Lilemong tsa bo-VII, ba ileng ba pholoha Avar tlhaselo.

Bochabela meloko Maslav le baahelani ba bona sebakeng seo ba ne ba lula le zounu ya steppe. West qala tšimong ea Bophirimela Slavs, pele tsa lipalo tsohle. Kopanele liphate le bona bo ntse bo mpefala ka mor'a ho bōptjoa ha Russia le Vladimir Svyatoslavich ho nkeloa ka lapeng ea Orthodox. Lipalo ba 'nile ba kolobetsoa ka tšebeletso e K'hatholike. Pakeng tsa bona le ka bochabela Slavs e ne e le ntoa e sa feela tsa Volyn, empa hape Galicia.

Ntoa le Pechenegs

Slavs Bochabela ka nako tsa meloko ea bohetene li sa khone ho kolone ea sebakeng Black Sea. Mona e fella ka seo ho thoeng ke "Great steppe" - steppe libaka, teng ka pelong ea Eurasia. Black Sea sebakeng khahloa mefuta e fapaneng ya nomads. Lilemong tsa bo-IX na ba ile ba lula Pechenegs. Tsena se sengata haholo phelang pakeng tsa Russia, Bulgaria, Hungary le Alan.

Metse ka metso ka hare ho Leoatle le Letšo, a timetsa masabasabeng Pechenegs lula setso. Nyamela Transnistrian Maslav (Tivertsy) le Don Alani. Ka X lekholong la lilemo la ile a qala a mangata Serussia Pecheneg ntoa. Re ne a ke ke fumana hammoho le mong le e tse ling tse meloko Bochabela Maslav le baahelani ba tsona. SEBELISA Bajanaks o lefang haholo tlhokomelo, eo ha e makatse. Tsena nomads sehlōhō o ne a lula feela ka lebaka la ho utsoa thepa le ho li ne li hlorisa batho ba Kiev le Pereyaslavets. Ka XI lekholong la lilemo la sebakeng sa bona tlile sera le ho feta tšosang - Polovtsy.

Slavs ka Don

Slavs qala ho massively hlahisa Karolelano Don sebakeng mathoasong a VIII - IX lilemo tse makholo. Ka nako ena ho na le hlaha liemahale Borshevsky setso. litšobotsi tsa lona bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa (letsopa, botsoalle, mesaletsa ho rapela) e bontša hore Don ralikoloni ne a tsoa boroa-bophirimela Europe. Don Slavs ne ha northerners kapa vyatichi, bafuputsi ba nahana ho fihlela morao tjena. Lilemong tsa bo-IX ka lebaka la ho khukhuneloa ea baahi ba nametse har'a bona lepato tšebeletso ea lepato, e neng e le tsoanang vyatichskomu.

Ka X lekholong la lilemo la Slavs Russia le baahelani ba bona sebakeng seo ba ileng ba pholoha jang nama liphutuho Pechenegs. Tse ngata le letšehali 'me a khutlela sebakeng Don Pooche. Ke ka lebaka leo re ka bolelang hore naha Ryazan lieu ka mahlakoreng a mabeli - ho tloha masabasabeng boroa le bophirimela. Kgutlisa ea Slavs e Don beisine e ne e feela lilemong tsa bo-XII. Sebakeng sena, e ka boroa ea ralikoloni e ncha o ile a ho letamo Bityug noka le ka ho feletseng tseba letamo Voronezh Nōka.

Haufi le Balts le Finno-Ugric

meloko Maslav Radimichi Vyatichi le bapile ka mahlakore ka Balts - baahi ba kajeno Lithuania, Latvia le Estonia. litso tsa bona ba ile tse ling tse tloaelehileng. Sena ha se makatse. Bochabela meloko Maslav le baahelani ba bona, ka mantsoe a mang, e seng feela rekiswa, empa hape susumetsa ethnogenesis e mong le tse ling. Ka mohlala, ka metsaneng ea Vyatichi archaeologists fumane e seng ea tlhaho bakeng sa ba bang meloko amanang molaleng hryvnia.

mofuta A setso sa Maslav e ntshetswa pele ho pota Balts le lichaba Finno-Ugric ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa Lake Pskov. Ho ne ho e telele theko-joaloka litutulu, e nkeloa sebaka mabaka tsa lepato. Joalo haha feela ea moo meloko East Maslav le baahelani ba tsona. Histori ea tsoelo-pele ea litšebeletso lepato nolofalletsa profesionalce ho feletseng ho tseba nakong e fetileng tsa Balichaba. Pskov baholo-holo ba a haha mehaho e fatše Log ka stoves kapa bao adobe liontong (fapana ho ea ka tloaelo ea ka boroa halofo dugouts). Ba ile ba boela ba kopanela labo ko labo-and-fsela temo. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore Pskov barrows telele namela Podvinye Polotsk le Smolensk Dnieper. Tsena libaka tšusumetso ea Balts ne bo hlile bo le matla.

Tšusumetso ea baahelani ba ka bolumeli le litšōmo

Joaloka lichaba tse ling tse ngata tsa Europe Bochabela, Bochabela Slavs ho latela tsamaiso ea bapatriareka leloko phela. Ka lebaka la sena, ba ile ba tla 'me a tšehetsa borapeli ba lelapa le borapeli ba lepato. The Slavs ne bahetene. Melimo bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa Pantheon bona nkoa Perun, Mokosh le Veles. Ka litšōmo Maslav susumetsoa Macelt 'me ba Iranians (Sarmatians, Baskitha le Alans). tšoana tsena ba ile ba bontšoa ka litšoantšo tsa melimo. Ho joalo, Dazhbog tšoanang le Macelt molimo Dagda le Mokosh tšoanang le Maha.

Re ne re e ngata ka Slavs ho tloaelehile hore batho ba bahetene le baahelani ba bona ka litumelo le. History of Baltic litšōmo siileng mabitso a melimo Perkunas (Perun) le Velnyasa (Vélez). The mokhabiso oa sefate lefatše le ho ba teng ha Dragon (Snake Gorynycha) tlisa litšōmo Maslav le Norse. Mora mokhatlo le 'ngoe e ile ea aroloa ka meloko e' maloa, litumelo o ile a qala ho fumana se tšoane lebatowa. Ka mohlala, baahi ba Oka le Volga fumana tšusumetso e ikhethang ea ho litšōmo tsa Finno-Ugric lichaba.

Bokhoba ka Slavs e ka bochabela

Ho ea ka phetolelo ea molao, ka Slavs ka bochabela, bokhoba ne ho tloaelehile, mathoasong a Mehla e Bohareng. batšoaruoa ba ne ba nkoa, joalokaha e le tloaelo, ntoeng. Mohlala, bangoli Searabia ya nako eo pheha khang ea hore e Slavs Bochabela o ile a nka makhoba a mangata ka lintoa le Hungarians (Magyars le, le eena, o ile a isoa joaloka lekhoba haptjoa ke Slavs). sechaba sena se e ne e le boemong bo ikhethang. Sehungary ka tsoalo - the Finno-Ugric lichaba. Ba fallela bophirimela 'me a hapa sebaka seo ho pota ka fihlang bohareng ba Danube. Kahoo, Hungarians ne hantle pakeng tsa ka boroa, ka bochabela le ka bophirimela Slavs. Tabeng ena ho na le ntoa ea kamehla.

Slavs ka rekisa makhoba Byzantium, Bulgaria kapa Volga Khazaria. Leha ho fetisisa ho bona e ne e ba ba ba hapa ka lintoa tsa basele, ka VIII lekholong la lilemo la ho na le ne e le makhoba har'a beng ka bona. Slav ka fumana hore e be lekhoba ka lebaka la tlōlo ea molao kapa tlōlo ea melao-motheo ea boitšoaro.

Batšehetsi ba version fapaneng ea ho sireletsa taba ea hae ea pono, ho ea ka tseo ba Russia ba bokhoba le joalo ha aa ka a ba teng. Ho fapana le hoo, ka tsena makhoba a linaheng tse ba ne ba batla lebaka mona mong le e mong o ne a nkoa free, bakeng sa bohetene Maslav e sa le halaletsoe unfreedom (botlamuoeng, bokhoba) le ho se lekane ea sechaba.

Vikings le Novgorod

The mochine oa Khale boemo Russia simolohile Novgorod. Ho e thehiloe Ilmen Slovenes. Ho fihlela lilemong tsa bo-IX, pale ea bona e tsebahalang haholo sketchy le bobe. Haufi le bona ba ne ba lula Vikings, eo ka litlalehong tsa histori Bophirimela bitsoa Vikings.

Scandinavian nako le nako o ile a hapa marena Ilmen Slovenes 'me ba qobelloa hore ba lefa sethabathaba. baahi Novgorod ba ile ba batla ho sireletsa basele baahelani ba bang, seo e ne e le lebitso la balaoli ba bona ba ho busa a le lapeng. Kahoo e le mabopong a ea Volkhov tlile Rurik. mohlahlami oa hae Oleg o ile a hapa Kiev 'me a rala metheo ea Khale boemo Serussia.