Tsebahalang bafuputsi Arctic

Arctic itokolla botho mathoasong ea XIX le XX lilemo tse makholo. Sena se ka thata-to-bohale fuputswa daredevils tsoang linaheng tse ngata: .. Russia, Norway, Sweden, Italy, joalo-joalo The nalane ya sibolloa ha Arctic - ha saense feela, empa e boetse e le lipapali peisong e tsoela pele ho fihlela letsatsing lena.

Nils Nordenskiöld

Arctic mofuputsi Nils Nordenskiöld (1832-1901) o ile a hlaha ka Finland, ka nako eo e le ea Russia, Leha ho le joalo, ho ba le Swede ke pelehi, leeto la hae a khanna tlas'a folakha Seswedishe. Bocheng ba hae o ile a etela batho ba bangata ba Spitsbergen. Nordenskiöld e ne e le lekhetlo la pele baeti 'alime' ea Greenland leqhoa lakane. All tsebahalang bafuputsi ba ka Arctic qalong ea lekholo la lilemo la XX e deservedly nkuwa eena e le a emetse ea sekepe ea hae.

Katleho e khōlō ea Adolfa Nordenshelda ne leeto la hae ho ea temana North-East ka 1878-1879 biennium. The steamer "Vega" e ne e le e 'ngoe ea pele bakeng sa leeto le e ne e le haufi le lebōpo e ka leboea ea Eurasia le botlalo skirted k'honthinente e khōlō. Lokeloe Nordenskjold hakanngoa litloholo - lebitso la hae e ileng ea fuoa tse ngata makgetheng libopeho tsa Arctic. Sena ke ho akarelletsa le lihlekehleke tsa haufi le Taimyr le Gulf ka New Lefatšeng.

Robert Piri

Bolela Roberta Piri (1856-1920) - haholo-holo ka histori ea maeto Polar. E ne e le o - pele Arctic mofuputsi ba hapa North Pole. Ka 1886, ho mofuputsi e ngotsweng ho tšela Greenland ka sled ka. Leha ho le joalo, a matha peisong a lahlehetsoe ke ho Fridtjof Nansen.

The bafuputsi ebe Arctic ne EXTREMALS kutloisiso e esita le ho feta ho feta kamoo ho hona joale. Leha ho le joalo ho na le ne ho se na thepa ea morao-rao, 'me le daredevils ile a tlameha ho sebetsa hoo e ka bang ka bofofu. Ikemiseditseng ho hlōla North Pole, Peary a etsa qeto ea ho retelehela ho bophelo le meetlo ea Eskimos. Ka lebaka la "phapanyetsano setso" American tlohela tšebeliso ea mekotla robalang le litente. Ho ena le hoo, o ne a tla retelehela ho mokhoa oa ho haha igloo.

Home Travel Piri - leeto la hae la botšelela ho Arctic ka 1908-1909. The sehlopha kenyelleditswe 22 Maamerika le 49 Eskimos. Le hoja, ka e le busa, bafuputsi Arctic ba ile ba romeloa ho ea lipheletsong tsa lefatše ka maikemisetso le saense, khampani Piri bopilwe feela ho tswa ho ba le takatso ea ho beha tlaleho ea. North Pole e ile ea haptjoa ke bafuputsi ba la 6 April, 1909.

Raul Amundsen

Ka lekhetlo la pele Raul Amundsen (1872-1928) o ile a ea ho Arctic ka 1897-1899 GG., Ke hokae moo o ile a nka karolo ka leeto Belgian, eo e neng e le navigator ba e mong oa likepe. Ka mor'a ho khutlela naheng ea habo ea Norway o ile a qala ho lokisetsa leeto e ikemetseng. Pele ho mona, bafuputsi ba tsa Arctic ha e le hantle ba nka leeto le lihlopha tse khōlō ka lijana tse 'maloa. Amundsen etsa qeto ea ho tlohela mokhoa ona.

Polar mofuputsi reka yacht tse nyenyane "Joa" me ba bokella lebotho tse nyenyane tse neng li ka nosi iphelisa ka ho tsoma le ho bokelloa. leeto lena o ne a qala ka 1903. Ntlha qalang e ne e le Norse Greenland, 'me ea ho qetela - Alaska. Kahoo, pele Raul Amundsen hlōloe ka leboea-bophirimela temana - tsela leoatle ka Canada Arctic sehlopha sa lihlekehleke. E ne e le katleho e ikhethang. Ka 1911, pele mofuputsi Polar historing ea moloko oa batho e ile ea fihla ea South Pole. Nakong e tlang, Amundsen o ile a thahasella ka ho sebelisoa ha lifofane, ho akarelletsa le airships le seaplanes. mofuputsi eo a hlokahala ka 1928, ho batla bakeng sa leeto haellang ho Umberto Nobile.

Nansen

Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930) o ile a qala hlahloba Arctic feela monate. Ka skater litsebi le skier, o lilemo li 27 a etsa qeto ea ho a cross-naheng Ski e khōlō ea Greenland leqhoa cap, le hona ho leka pele entse histori.

North Pole e-s'o hlōloe ke Peary, Nansen me a etsa qeto ho fihlela ntlha baballoa, ke kene ka leqhoa ka goletta "Fram". sekepe se ne se ka kholeho ea leqhoa leboea ea Cape Chelyuskin. sehlopha Polar tsoela pele ae palameng e, empa ka April 1895 ho, e fihla ho likhato 86 leboea bolokolohi, khutlisitse.

Hamorao Fridtjof Nansen o ne a sa ameha ka maeto a ho bula maliboho. Ho ena le hoo, o ile a ikakhela ka setotsoana litabeng tsa saense, ho ba le zoologist e ikhethang le ka mongoli oa lithuto tsa ka dozen. Boemo ba palo tsebahalang setjhaba Nansen loana le liphello tsa pele World Ntoa Europe. O ile a thusa baphaphathehi ba tsoang linaheng tse fapaneng le ea lapileng Volga. Ka 1922, ho Norwegian Arctic mofuputsi ile a fuoa ho Nobel Khotso Moputso.

Umberto Nobile

Mataliana Umberto Nobile (1885-1978) o tsejoa e seng feela ka mofuputsi Polar. lebitso la hae le amahanngoa le ea puso ea khauta ea airship. Amundsen, ea ileng a otla ka mohopolo oa moea sefofane fetang North Pole, o ile a kopana le setsebi se tšimong ea aeronautics Nobile ka 1924. Se ka 1926, khampani Setaliana Argonaut Scandinavian le American eccentric rrammilione Lincoln Ellsworth ile ka ea sefofane epochal. The airship "Norway" lateloa seng mohla e kileng ea pele tsela Roma - North Pole - Alaska Hloahloeng.

Umberto Nobile ile ea e-mohale ea sechaba, le Duce Mussolini o mo entse kakaretso le kakgolo setho sa Bofasista Party. katleho ea susumelletsa botjha sehahi ea airships ho hlophisa e leeto. Ka nako ena, ho fiolo pele ka ketsahalo e bapala Italy (lifofane Polar le 'nile la bitsoa "Italy"). Tseleng morao ho tloha North Pole airship soahlamana, karolo ea basesisi ba shoa, 'me Nobile ile pholosoa leqhoa hae Union pshatlang leqhoa "Krasin".

Chelyuskinites

Chelyuskinites feat, - e ikhethang leqephe historing ea meeling Polar morolo. Le amana le ho leka atleha ho theha tsamaya hammoho e ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route. E o ile a bululeloa rasaense Otto Schmidt le Captain-Polar Vladimir Voronin. Ka 1933, ba ile ba o ile a romela steamer "Chelyuskin" me a tsoela pele ho leeto hammoho le lebōpo la leoatle karolong e ka leboea ea Eurasia.

Union Arctic bafuputsi o ile a batla ho bontša hore e ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route ka ho fetile eseng feela ka koloi ho khethehileng lokisetsa, empa e boetse e le freighter bonolo. Ya e le hantle, e ne e le Gamble, 'me ho ile ha hlaka hore timetso e sa Bering Strait, moo leqhoa sithabetseng sekepe se ileng sa soahlamana.

Basesisi ba "Chelyuskin" potlakela ho ba ntsoa sebakeng sena, 'me motse-moholo oa khomishene muso ho hlophisa ho pholosa bafuputsi Polar ileng ba bōptjoa. Batho ba 'nile ka khutlela hae ka sefofane borokho ka thuso ea lifofane. Histori ea "Chelyuskin" le sehlopha sa hae hlōtse lefatše. Bakhanni ba, pholoso ba pele ba ho fumana e le sehlooho sa Hero oa Soviet Union.

Georgy Sedov

Georgy Sedov (1877-1914) amahanngoa bophelo ba bona ka leoatleng e le mohlankana e mong, kena Rostov litlelase nautical. Pele e e-ea Arctic mofuputsi, o ile a kenya letsoho ka Serussia-Japanese ntoa, nakong eo o ile a laela e torpedo sekepe.

Pele leeto Polar Sedov ileng sa etsahala ka 1909, ha a ne a hlalosoa e le melomo ea ba Kolyma Nōka. Joale a hlahloba lefatše le lecha (ho akarelletsa le Krestov lona Guba). Ka 1912, molefothenente phahameng etsa tlhahiso ea hore tsarist porojeke e ne muso selei leeto, morero oa seo ka sona e ne e le North Pole.

Ba boholong ba ile ba hana ho baemanokeng ba lenaneo leno kotsi. Joale a bokella chelete ho tloha chelete poraefete le ntse a hlophisa leeto. sekepe sa hae "St. Foka" e koetsoe ke leqhoa ka Novaya Zemlya. Sedov ebe o ile a kula ka scurvy, empa a sa ntse a tsamaea le bo-mphato ba 'maloa o ile a ea sled ho North Pole. Polar shoa tseleng haufi le Rudolf Island, moo o ile a patoa.

Valery Chkalov

hangata ho feta Russia bafuputsi Arctic amanang le likepe, sleighs le ntja sledding. Leha ho le joalo, monehelo lona ho ithuta libaka Polar le bakhanni ba entse. Ka sehloohong Union Ace Valeriy Chkalov (1904-1938) ka 1937 o ile a etsa pele khaotse sefofane ho tswa ho Moscow ho Vancouver ka tsela North Pole.

Buddy Brigade molaoli le moeeng e ile ea e-sebedisana motsamaisi Georgy Bajdukov le navigator Alexander Belyakov. Over 63 lihora tse la bohloa-25 entse tsela-e telele lona km 9000. The bahale ba Vancouver emetse batlalehi ho tloha lefatšeng ho pota, le Mopresidente US Roosevelt ka boeena o ile a fumana bakhanni ka White House.

Ivan Papanin

Hoo e ka bang ka sebele Ivan Papanin (1894-1896) - e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa Soviet Union Arctic mofuputsi. ntate oa hae e ne e le Sevastopol koung basebetsi, ho ke ke ha ho makatse hore ebe moshanyana bongoaneng mathoasong a hotetsa leoatle. Ka leboea Papanin hlaha ka lekhetlo la pele ka 1931, ke etela ka sekepe "Malygin" Franz Josef Land.

Sealuma tlotlisa bafuputsi Arctic tlile a le lilemo li 44 ba lilemong tsa ho. Ka 1937-1938. Papanin se ile sa etsa mosebetsi oa pele lefatšeng hoholeha "North Pole" seteishene. matsatsi a 274 a qeta bo-rasaense ba bane ka leqhoa, ho shebella le Sepakapaka le hydrosphere ea Ocean Arctic. Papanin ile ea e-Hero oa Soviet Union habeli.