Colima (noka) moo?

E mpa feela e ha etsahala hore lebitso la Kolyma ho bontša sebaka se hore kopanya le Region Magadan le Yakutia, fated hore e be setsi sa tsamaiso ditomotsebe tsa kahlolo ba naha eo. Mona ke likampong tsa ho fetisisa e tšabehang, 'me lebitso la ena e ntle e nōkeng e khōlō ka leboea-bochabela Russia ntse e amanang le khatello e mabifi. Empa re tla bua ka hydronyms hlollang - ea matla ruileng Kolyma noka jereng lintho tsohle tse phelang - le melokong na selivshimsya telele hammoho mabopong lona, 'me kajeno re se ke ra nahana ka teng ntle le bulehileng linaha tsena Russia batsamai.

A histori hanyane

Pele Kolyma River (Halyma Yakut) ho buuoa ka tlaleho Pomor-mofuputsi Mihayly Staduhina, hlooho ea leeto la, e tlileng ka ho sibolloa tsa linaha tse ncha ka libeisine le Indigirka Alazeya (1639), hammoho le e le setsi ka 1644 ka finyellang e ka tlaase ea e Kolyma bolulong mariha. O e boetse e hlalosa ho matsoalloa inhospitable - hantle o rata ntoa Chukchi, ho sireletsa tsela ea eona ea ho phela le ho ipha nako ea ho fana ka ho amohela baeti ho mang kapa mang. Yukagirs, Tungus, Chukchi, Evenki, ba ile ba lula ka mabōpo tsena le obzhivshie libaka inhospitable, kopanela ho tšoasa litlhapi, ho tsoma, ntja sledding hamorao.

Nizhnekolymskiy e etselitsoeng liqhobosheane le mariha selemong tlosoa kampong e ne e le qalo ea ho maeto nakong e tlang 'me trekking ka batla masimong a boima uncharted. Tloha ka ba lilemo 1647-1648 nkiloeng naha le metsi leeto, tlatsa setshwantsho sebakeng ngollana litlhaloso.

E tummeng mofuputsi Polar Dmitry Laptev, ba ile ba fihla e le karolo ea Great Northern leeto, ka 1741, moruti o ile a hlalosa ka fihlang ka holimo ea nōka, 'me ba tlisa ho molomong oa Kolyma River, ka ho toba ducts ea lona e nepahetseng Stone Kolyma, mohaho o khethehileng - e boitsebahatso mwinda, eo hamorao e ile ea e-mainstay bakeng sa diporojeke tse ngata ho etsa lipatlisiso. Tloha mona ho hloa tummeng Wrangell, Billings le tse ling tse bafuputsi ka tsela e tsoanang e tummeng. Ena ke pale ea sibolloa ha libaka tsena, inhospitable, ea bohale, empa motle le ratehang sa tloaelehang botle ea leboea. A re hlahlobeng moo Nōka Kolyma e hlaha, eo jarelang metsi a eona, e leng tsela e etsang le hore le kopana eona.

Tšimoloho ea lebitso la

Bo-rasaense ba e-s'o fihle ho dumellana ka qaleho ea lebitso la (Colima). Maleka - baahi matsoalloa libakeng tsena, tse bitsoang Kullu hae, e neng fetoletsoe ho tloha Turkish mokgwa noka. Kajeno lebitso ena e bolokiloe feela mohloli letona la Kolyma Nōka. Michael se bitsang Stadukhin Yakov 'me hamorao tloaelehileng ho monna ea kajeno - Kolyma. Paka mabapi etymological pakeng Kullu le Kolyma ke ke ha khoneha ho leha e le mang, 'me dikgakanyo khang ka tšimoloho ea lebitso Yukagir boetse ho na le ntle le bopaki. Probably ka ho sa feleng lula e le sephiri lebitso ka tsela e makatsang - Kolyma Nōka. Moo ke tšimoloho ea eona, re ithuta on.

headwaters

Kolyma thehoa ka tse peli o tlohang Okhotsk- Kolyma upland mohloding: noka Ayan Yuriakh, theohang a pakeng tsa mafika Halkan orilla le noka Kullu hlaha tsa linōka tse peli morema susumelletsa Suntar-Hayata. Ho tloha mona hore sephethephethe noka ka leboea ho ea Leoatleng la Arctic.

Kolyma River moo phallang

Beisine le melatswana lona tse ngata itihela fatše ka sefahleho ka tšimo e khōlō ea sebaka se Magadan, Khabarovsk Krai, Yakutia, ama likarolong tse itseng tsa Chukotka le Kamchatka. Paving tsela ea eona ho leoatle ka permafrost e, skirting lithaba majoe, le Kolyma River psha ka East Siberia Sea ka melomo 3 matla:

• Bochabela - thomello Stone Kolyma le o tiileng 20-kilometer dari bophara. molomo bolelele e 50 km le le botebo ba - ka 9 m.

• mahareng - Pokhodsk Kolyma, sleeve bolelele ba 25 km le, e le bophara ba 0.5 ho 2 km le ka botebo ba 3.5-4.5 m.

• West - Kolyma Chukchi, hape e na le litekanyo tsotehang haholo: bolelele 60 km le, e le bophara ba 3-4 km le le botebo - 8-9 m.

Delta bolelele ba botlaaseng e ka 110 km le, 'me sebakeng sa lona 3 fetela le hoo e ka bang likete tse lisekoere. km SE.

Bolelele le litšobotsi

bolelele ba nōka ke eng? Colima o e-ba bolelele ea 2129 km le, 'me haeba u ho bala ho tloha mohloli Kenelichi - River, e tributary tokelo ea Kullu, ho eketsa ho fihlela ho 2513 km SE. Hoo e ka bang 1400 km SE Kolyma phallang ka mose ho expanses ea sebaka se Magadan, karolo e setseng ea tsela lona matha ka Yakutia, le mehloli ea ba sebakeng sa Khabarovsk Territory.

Sebaka la nōka ea beisine e tsotehang haholo - 643 likete sq M.. km SE. Lebōpong le letšehali larileng ka Kolyma Valley, ka tlhaho ho arola libeisine tsa Kolyma le Indigirka. The mehaho Sebopeho sa Highlands akarelletsa ho inclusions a mangata a mafika crystallized igneous bao e leng nako Mesozoic, e etsa bonnete ba ho ba teng ha mobung khauta libakeng tsena. tlhaho phatloha ea thaba headwaters la nōka le liphororo kotsi butle-butle fana tsela e eang lithoteng tsa Kolyma mabalane ka tšepo ea ka-tsitsitseng phallo. Bethe haholo meander karolo nomoro ea tonanahali ea sleeveless. Libakeng tse ling hammoho mabopong tse thahasellisang haholo - e hlatsoa metsi tlosa seretse se chesang se ka majoe, a pepese seo ho thoeng ke "Tala", ea boholo-holo bo hlephileng mobung - libaka nonneng bakeng sa lithuto tsa ba lintho tse epolotsoeng tse ileng tsa fumanoa masapo a mammoths. Libakeng tse ling le lebōpo mokhoabong kapa koahetsoeng ka seretse theipi tse ka bolaea liphoofolo le esita le batho.

Ka mor'a hore Kolyma River Highlands tseleng beha ka mose ho expanses tsa Yakutia - ka sehloohong khauta behang methapong ea rephabliki Serussia. Mona, lehlakoreng le letšehali-banka ya Kolyma mabalane butle-butle e ntse e feta ho tswa lithoteng tsa tundra leboea.

Kolyma River: inflows

Ka lehlakoreng le letona la nōka ea ikutloeleng ka leboea-bophirimela haufi le otlolle la morema-schist Kolyma le lithabeng koahetsoeng ka tsela e hlollang limela phaene. Mona qala melatswana kaofela ha Kolyma - Bahapcha, Buyunda, Balygychan, Sugoy, Korkodon, Berezovka, Kamenka, Omolon, Nyenyane le Large Anuy. Ka ho le letšehali melatswana -. Seimchan, a phethang, Yasachnaya, Popovka, Zyryanka, Ozhogina, Sededema River, joalo-joalo Ha ho oa lefeela litšōmo tsa boholo-holo a qapa ka lichaba matsoalloa tsa Bochabela Siberia, Kolyma River bapisoa le bana ba bangata, a rata, hōlisa le hōlisa bana ba 35. Ke palo ea melatswana - ho feta kapa ka tlaase ho bohlokoa ka Kolyma noka moo. Ho ea ka tšōmo, tsofetse 'mè oa noka o ile a fa bana ba ba fuoe taelo e: ho ba seatla se bulehileng, bo tebileng, ho tšoasa litlhapi, ho hlokomela batho ba phelang haufi le moo. Feela e mong inflow Omolon o ne a lokela ho ba le tšehetso ho eona. Ka sebele, le keketseho ena li pele tsohle ntle le leqhoa nakong ea selemo, ho fepa le Kolyma.

A tseleng tortuous ho leoatle

Writhing ka 'nģa tsohle, le Kolyma River tseleng ea hae ho tloha ka boroa-bophirimela ho ea ka leboea-bophirimela, ka linako tse ling ka tsela e hlollang tsamaea lehlakoreng ebe ho etsa lengole khōlō. Ho joalo, ho tributary letšehali la Kolyma Shumikha le tseleng e eang ka leboea-bochabela, 'me joale o tsoela ka boroa-bochabela, butle-butle aligns tataiso ea leboea ho confluence ea Nōka ea lona Zyryanka. Ho joalo, sotha le wrapping, Kolyma fihla Vyatkina lipampitšana, moo hang hape wraps ho ea ka boroa-bochabela, ka nako eo e fetola tataiso leboea-bophirimela ho tloha motseng Srednekolymsk le hape fellang ho ea ka leboea-bochabela. tataiso ena e lula a le ka sehloohong Omolon inflows, empa ka mor'a ho confluence la nōka ea Anyuya, e leleka ho ka leboea-bophirimela ho, ho boloka se tataiso ena ho Bay ka Leoatleng la Arctic.

Sena se etsa sebopeho sa meandering hara plurality ea phallo. Ka mohlala, ka tlase Verkhnekolymsk Shipanovskaya phallo baka e kholo sebaka ka ho lekaneng hore Shipanovsky Island ka finyellang e ka tlaase ea molomo noka Konyaeva tse seng kae tse nyenyane difapho entseng hasanyang eohle ea lihlekehlekeng tse ling, e bitsoang kajeno ba sehlekehleke sena. Tloha le kanaleng ka sehloohong sebakeng sa pampitšana eo lifapano Zahrebetnaya difapho e amana ho ka Kolyma Nizhnekolymsk, ho bōpa e kholo o molelele o sehlekehleke sohle 110 km le bolelele le bophara ho tloha ka 10 ho ea ho 20 km SE.

litšobotsi tse hydrological

Kolyma - ho fepa kemisong e tsoakiloeng, ka go tlhaolega lehloa-pula le gradation 47% le 42%. 11% oela ka replenishment ea tlase ho lefatshe. Lehlabuleng metsi marotholi haholo, bochaba feela nakong lipula tse matla. La hlaha le nako e khutsoanyane likhohola. Thempereichara metsi ka nōkeng feto-fetohe tlaase, ka tloaelo ha ho feta bochaba 10-15 ° C, 'me feela ho thotseng o susumetsa lehlabuleng Letsatsi libakeng tse sa tebang July phethoeng a ka mofuthu ho fihlela ho 20-22 ° C. Kolyma e hoamisoa ka October, lilemong tse batang - qetellong ea September. Hatsele tlang pele leqhoa hoholeha, le ketsahalo e sa sludge sebopeho leketlileng matamo leqhoa, le bolelele ba nako ea eona e fapana ho ea ka matsatsi a 2 ho ea ho e etsang khoeli.

Free tsa leqhoa Kolyma River ke tlhōrōng ea almanaka eo lehlabula. Roba-up ka 'na ba teng ho tloha matsatsing a 2 ho ea ho 18, hangata a tsamaea le tsubuhlellano tsotehang.

thomello

Qalang a tsoang molomong oa nōka Bahapchi, Colima fetoha likepe. Leha ho le joalo, mokhatlo oa kamehla ea lijana e etsoa ho tloha koung Seimchan. The nako ya mafolofolo nakong nako tsamaya ke likhoeli tse 4-5. The likoung khōlō ea Kolyma - Seimchan, Zyryanka, Cherskii.

tšebeliso batho

Ka finyellang e ka tlaase ea nōka ntshetswa pele ho tšoasa litlhapi, ho hula khase oa liminerale. E matla e ntle ka leboea noka kajeno bakeng sa motho, ho fana ka mo mefuta tlhapi e seng feela, empa e boetse e le motlakase hlahiswa ka Kolyma HPP. Ena dimela fehlang motlakase li. Yi Frishter hahoa haufi le Sinegorye motse le chelete e ngata ea motlakase, e leng ke ho lekaneng hore 95% ya sebakeng seo. Kolyma HPP - feela sethaleng ka holimo ea liteishene phorosela mwinda Kolyma. Kajeno e fella ka ho hahoa ha Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP, e leng ho ba sethaleng sa bobeli sa phorosela ho. Ka 2013, re e sebelelitseng pele unit trust haeteroliki, le laele feletseng ea seteishining sa tla fana ka phepelo tshireletso ya sebakeng le ntshetsopeleng e atlehang ea indasteri ea meepo tsa sebakeng seo.

'Me hona joale phelang monna e tletseng o phallang' me ba matla ba e sa ka botlalo ile a ithuta Kolyma Nōka. Photos fanoa ka buka ena e bontša botle ba sona le matla, ho thusa 'mali ho nahana ka sekgatlhi hlollang tsa mohlolo Northern Belle River.