Tlhophiso ea lithibela-mafu

Lithibela-mafu li sehlopha sa lihlahisoa chemotherapeutic, tse hlahisitsoeng ke microorganisms ho thibela kgolo ya likokoana-hloko, kapa ho hōla ha neoplasms (lihlahala tse kotsi). Ba bangata ba bona ka ho toba, empa tsela e sa tobang ama thepa le sireletsang ea 'mele, Stimulating (immunomodulators) kapa inhibiting (immunosuppressants) sireletsehile maloetseng ana.

Ho ithuta lithibela-mafu o ile a qala ka 1929 ka mor'a ho fumanoa ba folisa thepa ea penicillin.

Ho fihlela joale, a fumana le ho a hlalosa mashome a 'maloa tse likete ea lithibela-mafu, empa ho phekola ka mashome a mahlano mefuta e hangata ka ho fetisisa sebelisoa, e fapaneng ho loantša mafu a sa tšoaneng.

Le sehlopha sena ba dintho e ka u phekola ba makholo ba mafu a, ho akarelletsa le lefu la seoa, lefuba, koatsi, tse ngata tse ling tse tšabehang, ka potlako amang mafu batho kapa liphoofolo.

Joalokaha eka ke ka lithethefatsi tsohle, le tlhophiso ea lithibela-mafu e itšetlehile ka hlahang ho yona bona, mochine oa bohato, lik'hemik'hale sebopeho.

Lithibela-mafu li dintho tswang sefa ea libaktheria, li-fungus le lisele liphoofolo. Ha sephetho le likolone tse qotsitsoeng moemeli ne ke sa arabela ho ntšetsa pele phekolo, e nkoa e le sethibela-mafu se tsa tlhaho. Ha molek'hule e lik'hemik'hale fetoloa ho ntlafatsa litsobotsi life tse lona, re ka bua ka qaleho ea lintho tse seka-a maiketsetso a.

Kahoo, tlhophiso se hlahang ho yona ea lithibela-mafu e bolela lithibela-mafu tsa tlhaho le semisynthetic.

Ha re nahana ka tsela eo lithethefatsi tsena li ka ba loana le lefu lena, e tlhophiso ea lithibela-mafu ho latela mochine oa bona oa bohato arola ba kenya:

• lithethefatsi hore sitisa ea ka tšebetso tloaelehileng ea lera la seleng ea ;
• ntho, emisa protheine tswakana le amino;
• inhibitors, ho timetsa kapa ho hatella ba tswakana tsa mabota a ka cell ea microorganisms.

Ke mofuta oa ama gorole le, lithibela-mafu ka 'na ba bactericidal le bacteriostatic. Pele haholo ka potlako bolaea lisele tse kotsi, ea bobeli kenya letsoho hore ho a liehe kgolo ya bona, ho thibela ho ikatisa.

Classification ea lithibela-mafu ke sebopeho lik'hemik'hale o nahanela mehato manyenyane sehlopha:

• beta-lactam (tlhaho, seka-maiketsetso, sephara-manyenyane mahlahana a), ba le liphello tse fapaneng ka likokoana-hloko;
• aminoglycosides, ama baktheria;
• tetracyclines thibela metsoako microorganisms;
• macrolides, a loana le cocci a mob mobile ea HIV, ho susumetsa ba intracellular, tse akarelletsang Chlamydia, Mycoplasma le joaloka;
• ansamycins, haholo-holo ka mafolofolo ho phekola a mob mobile ea HIV libaktheria, li-fungus, lefuba, lepera;
• polypeptides, emisa kgolo ya libaktheria mob mobile-mpe;
• glycopeptides leboteng hlephileng ea libaktheria e emisa tswakana tsa ba bang ba bona;
• anthracyclines, tse lekanyetswa go ya ka ho mafu hlahala.

Jwalo tlhophiso ea lithibela-mafu thusa baoki ho khetha e nepahetseng ea meriana, e atlehang ho loantša ena kapa hore moemeli.

Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa kalafo e atlehileng, le lithethefatsi khethiloeng ka nepo, ngaka e tlameha ho qala ho nahana ka hantle joang moemeli a bakiloeng ke lefu, 'me joale ho hlwaya ena hanyetsa pathogen ho lihlopha tse sa tšoaneng tsa moriana.

Ka mor'a moo, setsebi sa hlalosa Optimum chelete ea boleng ba sebele ea nang le bokhoni ba ho timetsa lefu, empa ho etsa bonnete ba ka palo fokolang haholo ea litla-morao, ka nako ea phekolo.

Classification ea lithibela-mafu, ba lokela ho tseba hore ka thuso leha e le efe ea litsebi, haeba ho hlokahala, nka lithethefatsi tse seng kae e le hore thusa ho matlafatsa e le hantle ka bobeli kapa lelefatsa fapaneng ya bohato ba moriana.

Hobane lithibela-mafu ke dintho tse matla tseo ho ka etsa hore liphello tse matla lehlakoreng, ba ka sebelisoa feela bakeng sa ho setsebi morero oa.