Tera h, lona physico-lik'hemik'hale le ho sebelisa thepa ea ho

Tera h o boetse o bitsoa k'halsiamo hypochlorite kapa soeufala phofo. Leha e qetellang poleloana e reng ha e nepahetseng haholo, hobane ntho e ka motsoako rarahaneng le e akarelletsa se hypochlorite feela (Ca (ClO) 2), empa e boetse e oxychloride (CaClO), chloride (CaCl2), k'halsiamo hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2). Hape le ka ho ba teng e le se hloeke ba chloride tšepe (III), e fa ka bb yellowish. Tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng, motsoako ona o na le tiileng boemo aggregate, e monko o matla oa chlorine le hangata e tšoeu coloration. metsi ho qhalana feela k'halsiamo hypochlorite, chlorine lokolloa sepakapakeng, le ho leka-lekana molao motsoako ka theha precipitate teteaneng - slurry.

Ha e tobileng mahlaseli a letsatsi perchloric kalaka lokolloang oksijene, 'me holim' a futhumatsang ho bola le ho iphetola ha lintho ea mocheso, e leng ho ka etsa hore phatloha ya. Tabeng ena, ntho e lokela ho bolokoa ka ho lefifi, pholileng (unheated) le ventilated likamore. Ha ho sebetsa le kenngoa ka har'a sesoeufatsi phofo lokela ho sebelisoa bakeng sa ho sireletsa letlalo, tsamaiso matšoafo, haholo-holo ka tlhahiso le lipalangoang libaka tsa hae.

Ponong ea k'hemistri, tera h moemeli eo moralo e tlalehiloe CaCl (OCl), o re ho e tsoakiloeng (habeli) matsoai, i.e., E na le anions tse peli. Hape, komponeng ena ke oxidant matla ba nang le bokhoni ka tharollo alkaline ho sokolla MnO (mankanese oxide e (II)) → MnO2 (mankanese oxide e (IV)); ke itšoara ka dintho manyolo ho etsa hore go tuka ga molelo tsa bona. Ke itšoara joang le sulfuric kapa acid hydrochloric le hlaha chloride kgetho: Ca (ClO) CL + H2SO4 → Cl2 + CaSO4 + H2O.

boitsebiso boo ne a lokisitsoeng ke chlorination ka tlhahiso ea hydroxide k'halsiamo. Ka tšebetso e joalo e fumanoa tera h limaraka tse tharo - 26, 32 le 35% ea chloride le mafolo-folo (tjhelete ya chloride e hloekileng lokolloa ke ketso ka motsoako ona HCl kapa H2SO4 acid). mosing 'ngoe ea boitsebiso boo ke hore e ba le motho ea mafolofolo holim' a polokelo chloro, 5-10% ka selemo. Leka ho loantša ena ka hore o lokolle botsitso ntlafatsoa sehlahiswa ka ho fetisa chloride khase ka ho fanyeha tsa Ca (OH) 2. Active chloride ka motsoako ka tsela eo o ile a fumana ke 45-70%. drawback e 'ngoe ea lintho tse bonahalang ena ke' nete ea hore ho etsa hore ts'enyeho ea corrodes tšepe, 'me masela a k'hothone. Ka hona, le lule le e ka setshelo lehong, lik'hontheinara polasetiki kapa mekotla polasetiki le liphutheloana.

Tera h hlahisa bactericidal le sporicidal thepa ikemiselitse ke ho ba teng ha acid e hypochlorous le oksijene ka tharollo. Ka lebaka la sena, ho e ho pharaletseng sebelisitsoeng ka tlhoekiso ea metsi litšila ho tswa likhoerekhoere tse fapa-fapaneng le mekgatlo ya kalafi ka sebolaya ditwatsi (sebetswa holim, libaka tsa sechaba). Le boetse le sebelisoa ka houseold bleach ka tlhahisong ea dinama tse nyenyane tse makhasi ao le pampiri.

Kahoo, tera h - ke motsoako o rarahaneng oa hore ke lik'hemik'hale ba mafolofolo haholo ntho le hlahisa 'matla thepa oxidant. Ka hydrolyses ea metsi tharollo ya ho theha acid e hypochlorous (NS1O). Le eketseha mocheso (futhumatsang) le tlas'a bohato la khanya ea letsatsi bola, ho lokolloa oksijene le chloride le.