Tanka "Challenger 2" tlhaloso ea moralo wa, litšobotsi tse, ho sireletsoa lihlomo, libetsa

Challenger 2 ke pele British lebotho la tanka ho tswa Second Ntoa ea Lefatše, e neng e reretsoe, ntshetswa pele le e hlahisoang ke ho konteraka bohatong Vickers Defense Systems. ea mohlala e ileng ba bōptjoa le ho hlahiswa ka lifeme le khampani tse peli, Barnbow (Leeds) le Scottswood (Newcastle).

Features senotlolo

Le 'mele le likarolo li thehiloe ea mohlala ea pele ho eena lona Challenger 1, eo e undergone lintlafatso tse fetang 150 ikemiseditse ho ntlafatsa ho tšepahala le maintainability (litšoantšo tanka bontšoa hamorao sehloohong sena). Tower "Challenger 2" ile tsa ba le moralo o motjha ka ho feletseng. Sena ke ka ho fetisisa o ile a sireletsa armored NATO, a hlomelloa ka ntafaditsweng phetolelo ea qobelloa chobemskoy multilayer lihlomo. Tsamaiso ea nyutlelie, likokoana-hloko le tsa lik'hemik'hale tšireletso ea NBC ka sireletsa khahlanong le ditshoso tsohle tsebahalang, 'me ke oa pele oa British tanka, eo basesisi ba lekareche ka halefile le folisoa.

The armament ka sehloohong kenyelletsa ditokiseletso e 120mm rifled sethunya L30, jarolla ka ho iketsa sethunya 7.62mm McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems, e leng se a ntse a le tšebeletsong ea ka British Army 'me o ne palame Mechine ntoa koloi GKN Defense Mohlabani, le 7,62 limilimithara-ba khahlanong le lifofane morathatha. Tsamaiso ea mollo taolo ke k'homphieutha ditsitithale ke khamphani ea Canada le CDC ke e ntlafetseng ya tlhahiso ya ea mohlala e thehilweng ke American M1A1 Abrams. Ho na le le monyetla oa ho boela la atolosoa nakong e tlang tse kang o tlohang ho ntoa oona tsamaisong lesedi taolo le lisebelisoa tsamaya. Crew "Challenger 2" e 4, 'me ntoa ea hae ho bekha 62,5 m. The tanka e khona ho ntshetsa pele palo e kahodimodimo e khōlō lebelo la 56 km SE / H le na le pokello ea 250 km le tseleng le tsela e khōlō 450 Km.

histori ea mohlala

Challenger 2 porojeke e ne e akarelletsa ho ntshetsa pele le tlhahiso ea 386 ntoeng e khahlanong ditanka ka sehloohong (MBT), likoloi 22 bakhanni thupelo, likhetla Khahleho 3 le sephutheloana feletseng tsa tšehetso logistical, ho akarelletsa thepa ea thupelo le likarolo a qenehela.

khampani "Vickers" e ne e le rakonteraka khōlō. khamphani qala mosebetsi oa ka tanka ka November 1986 e le khampani poraefete, 'me nakoana ka mor'a moo, ka March 1987 UK Lekala la Tšireletso o ile a ikokobelletsa ho sampole pele. Ka February 1988, konteraka ea rometsweng ka tshisinyo Seroma. Ka December 1988 ho ile ha phatlalatsoa hore VDS win konteraka milione 90 bakeng sa mohato totobetseng, eo e ile ea nka ho fihlela September 1990, batho ba la 30 September, 2002 k'hamphani e sa tsoa qeta ho bokella Alvis Vickers. tshebetso VDS ne di ne tsa kopanngwa le Alvis Vehicles Ltd. Ho rua molemo ka ho lefa le botumo ba lik'hamphani tse peli, ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho bolela khampani e ncha Alvis Vickers Ltd. Ho ile o ile a fumana ke Bae Systems ho theha le lecha Land Systems karohano, bonngoeng Alvis le RO Defense.

Ka June 1991, 'muso oa UK o etsa qeto ea ho reka Challenger 2' me ba tsamaisa odara bakeng sa palo ea milione 520. Liponto ka diyuniti 127 tsa VLT le ea 13 ho fana ka koetliso ditanka. Production ile ea qala ka 1993, le likopi tse pele ba ne ba a fana ka July 1994. New British ditanka ne hlahiswa ka VDS lifektheri ka Leeds le Newcastle. Ka ho etsa joalo ho hlahisa hape le seabo fetang 250 subcontractors (ka go t. H. Tsoang linaheng tse ling). Har'a bona, Royal Ordnance (mathomo le armament mahareng) ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, Blair Catton (le lenane la dipina) le GEC-Marconi (tataiso oona tsamaisong).

likoloi British armored hloka modernization eketsehileng. Ka July 1994, VDS o ba amohetse e le hore e mong bakeng sa phepelo ea 259 ntoa le 9 fuoa koetliso mechine, hammoho le koetliso le ts'ehetso ea logistical. Boleng konteraka ea e-ba liponto tse limilione tse 800.

Pontšo ISRD tšepahala ho ile ha tšoaroa ka January 1999. Ho ile ha etsahala ho tloha ka September ho fihlela ka December 1998 'me amehang liteko 12 MBT landfills Bovington le Lulworth Bindon. liteko ba ne ba atleha, ke hore. A. litanka se feela khotsofatsa se hlokoang ke moreki, empa hape fetoa bona ka litsela tsohle.

Ka January 1998, ho Royal scots manar Balebeli Jeremane, ea pele ea regiments tse tsheletseng armored qala ho nka ka matsoho a CR2 le ne 38th ka June 1998 le ho pepisa ka tsoela pele ho ea qetellong ea 2000. E mong le e sa regiments tse tsheletseng armored ne a hlomelloa ka ho feletseng 'me MBT sephutheloana lona oa tšehetso logistical. Last 386 tanka "Challenger 2" o ne a ka molao a fana ka tšebeletso ho Salsibury Plain September 17, 2002.

Retelehela ho sete ea bobeli ea dikai etsa hore ho ithuta - ho tloha lichate e bonolo leboteng ho simulators ya khomphuta ya hao gunners. Hape e fana ka thupelo le lintho tse bonahalang tšehetso ea Royal Baenjiniere Repair mabotho a ho thusa ho ditharollo tsa mathata, liteko, ho lokisa, lekanyetsa le tshebetso oona tsamaisong go baya leitlho.

Malala ka regiments 6 tsa Royal Armored botseta United Kingdom le Jeremane MBT "Challenger 2" o ile a etela Bosnia le Kosovo, ho sebedisa ka Canada, Oman le Poland. Nakong ea liteko le lintlheng tsa boitlhakiso li feta tsa hlaseloa tšepahala-index. ditanka British ne amehang tshebetso "Iraqi Bolokolohi."

Ka July 2004, UK Lekala la Tšireletso o ile a phatlalatsa merero ya ho khaola 7 squadrons armored (ka 100 diyuniti) ka March 2007 'me ba sokoloha ha e armored reconnaissance Regiment. "Challenger 2E" ea mohlala e se e ntshetswa pele bakeng sa diyantle bakeng le reretsoeng ho etsa mesebetsi ka libakeng hlabang. The tanka lekoa haholo ka Greece, Qatar le Saudi Arabia.

libetsa tse ncha

Mathoasong a 2004 Bae Systems a amohetseng konteraka ea ho hlahisa 120-limilimithara smoothbore sethunya. Tlasa dipehelo tsa konteraka eo, tanka "Challenger 2" tse lokelang ho a hlomelloa le Rheinmetall L55 sethunya, o ile a sebelisa ka MBT "Leopard 2A6", 'me ka January 2006 ba ile ba qala liteko tsa lona.

Ballistic seletsa ho latela Jeremane 120mm L55, empa ka 'na ba kwa lumellane ka sebaka neng lula L30. mabenkeleng libetsa jwale rifled Cannon belehoa moqomo fastening ts'oarello housings, tsamaiso khase sehokelo le le go lebagantsha selekane sa sethunya mahlong a selekane. Mora liteko Jeremane e le seletsa se e ile ea lekoa ka le tsobotsi ee sa fetoleng boemo mounted ka cheisi tsa MBT "lekholo" ka bohareng ba bo-2005, 'me hamorao hona selemong seo, e ile ea qetella o kopantswe ka "Challenger 2". modernization ena o ile a lumella ho fana ka litanka British li ne li sebelisoa 120-limilimithara mahlaahlela NATO e tloaelehileng. liteko a betsa ee sa fetoleng boemo li ne li khannoa ka mefuta e fapaneng ya mefuta e ka merero ea lihlomo tsa ho phunya projectiles ea 120 limilimithara Rheinmetall DM53 APFSDS le liboto tloaelehileng. Ba ile ba bontša hore DM53 mahlaahlela na le litšobotsi tse molemo ho feta mehleng ea 120-limilimithara ha mo qeta uraniamo.

Kou Ntoa

"Challenger" Ho ile ha rekoa bakeng sa British Army mora ea Shah tsa Iran ile lihuoa 'me ka taelo ea hore o ne a koetsoe. Ho ileng ba bōptjoa ka e le setsi sa tanka, "morenana", empa ho ne ho le lintho tse ngata ka potlako, ho molemo a hlometseng 'me o ile a sireletsa, le hoja ho utloa bohloko ho tswa ho e fokolang ya tsamaiso e khopo mollo taolo. "Challenger" e lumelloa ho modernize Brithani Army bakeng sa dilemo tse 10 pele ho moo ho feta rerile. mochine o ne a etselitsoeng ho lehoatateng, empa ba ne ba sa na le monyetla oa ho bontša hore pele Koung Ntoa.

khamphani "Vickers" ba ne ba sa hlahisa ditanka ho tsohle, empa feela Regiment qetela. "Challenger" o ne a ya hlahiswa ka boemo ROF fektheri Leeds, eo pele thekiso e ile ea rehoa Royal Ordnance. Vickers reka feela pele odara ile behoa bakeng sa ho hlahisa tsa Regiment bo7.

A hlomelloa ka ho le 120-limilimithara sethunya L11 A5, feela fokolang ntlha ya "Challenger" e ne e le tsamaiso ea hae mollo taolo, e neng e ntlafatswa le Gulf Ntoa. Cannon ka roba 400 limilimithara lihlomo le ho timetsa tanka efe kapa efe Russia le thutsoe pele. Hoo e ka bang kaofela ha likoloi ho armored ka Iraq ba ne ba ya hlahiswa ka Russia, 'me "Challenger" Ho ka ba bonolo sebetsana le eona. Ka tšehetso ea a maholohali a moea, hammoho le Searabia, French le American entseng selekane le litanka ntle bothata haholo bo qhetsola ka tshireletso ya Republican Balebeli. "Challenger" nakong ea opereishene "Lehoatata Storm", haholo-holo sebelisoa phahameng-phatloha squash hlooho le e mengata e fapaneng e seng kae, 't. Ho. Tšireletso ea Armored tsa mechine Iraqi ba ne ba sa kopana le melao-motheo ea Serussia,' me tshebediso ya ea matla le ho feta, empa tlase nako e telele libetsa ne lefeela.

Tower le matlo

Litekanyo tsa tanka fihlela 8,3h3,52h2,49 limithara bolelele le sethunya sa o lekana le 11,57 limithara Tank laola le basebetsi ba tsa batho ba 4: .. Molaoli, gunner, mokhanni le carrozzeria. Ho fana ka ea phahameng, e atlehang, bao e seng setopong ntoa bokgoni. molaoli oa sebaka se ka ho le letona 'me e ena le 8 periscope le eketseha 1x le 360 ° ho shebella. Phehella ho konopo e khubelu tlas'a e 'ngoe ea tsona e etsa hore mokhatlo oa tora le beha boemo loketseng. Gunner lutse ka pel'a le ka tlase molaoli le carrozzeria ka le letšehali. Beha carrozzeria e hlomelloa le periscope ka. terakeng khanna ka pel'a tanka.

libetsa

The armament khōlō ea "Challenger 2" - 120mm rifled tanka sethunya L30 hlahisoang ke karohano ea Royal molao British Aerospace Ltd Company ka Nottingham. L30 moralo akarelletsa google chrome barbotage, ho bōpa e tiile 'me e be tse boreleli ka hare feela. E fana ka eketsehile ka makhetlo lebelo le hona, le matla a phunyeletsang oa projectile e, ho nepahala ha eona e khōloanyane le ho fokotsa moqomo qhoaele. Cannon tanka entsoe ka celik electroslag qhibiliha le mogote insulated kenapa. Ho fanoe ka tsamaiso selekane lolamisiwa ga le selekane Optical tsa mahlong le ho tebelwa mosebetsing likhase tswa moqomo. The tora e ka rotated ka 360 °, le paatsepama a betsa mefuta e fapaneng ke ho tswa ho ho -10 ° ho + 20 °.

Tatelano ea phumano le ho timetsoa ha liphofu tse etselitsoeng ho phehelleng boiketlo ya tshebediso maemo ntoa. Ho na e fapaneng bakeng sa liphofu ee sa fetoleng boemo e hahabang motšehare kapa bosiu. Gunner kapa molaoli oa letšoao sighting aligns le morero oa, tobetsa konopo ya mong bang laser tšehang ba bang mefuta e fapaneng, 'me joale - ka konopo mollo.

L30 mello 120-limilimithara mahlaahlela. Mahlaahlela e 50 diyuniti, 'me' na a akarelletsa lihlomo tsa ho phunya projectiles le stabilizer le detachable floating (APFSDS), lihlomo tsa phunya phatloha (HESH) kapa mosi. Sethunya ke hape a khona ho a betsa projectiles le liboto tsa mo qeta uraniamo (Du) le a betsa qoso Shestov. segokanyipalo sa tsa uraniamo ha mo qeta ke ka 2,5 linako tse phahameng ho feta tsa tšepe, e leng e fana ka phahameng ho kenella ka hare bokhoni. Le Du L30 ke karolo ea "Cannon-shell-qoso» Khahleho 1. tsamaiso e khopo e ka sekgatlhi 3, moo ea mantlha ea uraniamo ha mo qeta o e-ba bolelele bo boholo ho bophara karo-karolelano ea ho eketsa bokhoni ba fatang maikutlo. Liqhomane le palamisitse arohaneng bolokwa tlasa turret lesale la litanka armored.

sethunya e sebetsa tsamaiso ea oona ka botlalo motlakase oa tataiso le tsitsisoa khampani GEC Marconi Radar le Defense Systems (Leicester). Tanka "Challenger 2" e hlomelloa le 7,62 limilimithara jarolla ka ho iketsa Cannon McDonnell Douglas, eo e teng ka le letšehali la sethunya ka sehloohong. Lefisa le letšehali le hlometseng 7.62mm antiaircraft morathatha mofuta L37A2, mounted ka Dome.

Mahlakoreng ka bobeli a le pel'a tora e teng 5 mosi liqhomane khampani Helio Seipone (Kent, UK). "Challenger 2" e boetse ke khona ho theha mosi skrine ke injecting mafura disele ka tsamaiso ea ho qeta monono oa enjene.

tanka e hlomelloa le tekanyetso sesole ya data bese Military Standard 1553. The mollo taolo ya khomphuta ya hao ke tsa digital dikhomphiutha sesebediswa go dirisiwang dikhomphiutha Devices Company (Ontario, Canada). Ho ka bontšoa, ho etsa mohlala, tsamaiso ea litaba tsa ntoa, tsamaya le thupelo tsamaiso ea.

Ka 2004 Bae Systems a amohetseng konteraka ea ho hlahisa 120-limilimithara smoothbore sethunya. Ho finyella sena, e Jeremane khampani Rheinmetall L55 sethunya faneng disampole, beha ho "Leopard 2a." sampole le 'ngoe feela e ile lokisitseng, e lekoa ka January 2006 Tungsten DM53 o ile a bontša bohlokwa ba tsamaiso bo boholo ho feta Khahleho 3 Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa ho kenya tshebetsong lona lokela ho fetola tsamaiso ea "Sebetsa projectile-qoso".

e hlahlobang

Gyro-tsitsisoa mahlong molaoli le ke mohlala o VS 580-10 khampani SFIM Industries (France). E ka holimo unit trust VS 580, e nang le ka gyro tsitsisoa mahlong hlaka le elektronike, o palame marulelong a tora. Rangefinder tham mong bang laser e thehiloeng ND: YAG e aa ageletsweng phuthehong lipakeng o tlohang karolong e ka holimo le seboka se ka tlaase telescopic eo kenyelletsa ditokiseletso e Optical oona tsamaisong go baya leitlho, taolo pukwanana, elektronike, le tsamaiso tsitsisoa. Mahlong fana tšimo chitja maikutlo ho sa hlokahale ho retelehela a hlooho ea hae. sheba phetoho mefuta e fapaneng ke ± 35 °. tšimo ea pono optics o lekana le 3,2x 16,5 °, empa le eketsa 10,5h - 5 °.

The imager TOGS II ea Pilkington Optronics (Glasgow, UK) e fana ka bosiu pono. Ho sebedisa TICM British 2. imager kutlo hlomamisa ka har'a barbettes armored holimo Cannon ena. Microcomputer konpresser le fana Cooling kutlo khase silindara. Ka matšoao mogote setšoantšo superimposed tsa letšoao se boneng, le tsamaiso boemo tlhahisoleseding. Thermal setšoantšo le e leng keketseho ea 4 kapa 11,5h bontšana ka disebediswsa gunner le molaoli, hammoho le ka e hlahang lifiliming tsa bona ntle le magnification.

Re na le ka sehloohong gunner mahlong etsoa ke Pilkington Optronics. Ho na le 'mele o nang le tlhahlobo le kanaleng hlooho unit trust le tsitsisoa sighting seiponeng 4 Hz tšehang ba bang ka laser mefuta e fapaneng le ho hlokomela le monographic ka. Rangefinder le wavelength ea 1,064 microns na mefuta e fapaneng ho tloha km le 200 m 'ho 10. Ho nepahala ke ± 5 limithara ho 30 limithara ka khetholla. Shooter hape a hlomelloa le reversible Optical telescopic mahlong a L30 Nanoquest, mounted coaxially le sethunya sa.

setulong sa mokhanni o nkile le periscope etseng letho Pilkington Optronics. E sebelisa mochine o bosiu pono. Ka lebaka la sena bosiung ba ho tanka khonang ho finyella lebelo tšoana le motšehare, ntle le ho sebelisa mabone maiketsetso.

Gunner le imager amanang ho k'homphieutha mollo taolo ka tsela bese ya data Military Standard 1553.

"Challenger 2": a tanka ntoeng

Photo tanka ka hare ho fanoeng ka holimo. basesisi ba molaoli oa laela hlomamisa marulelo a mahlong hlaka ka shebiloeng le phehella konopo, ea fella ka hore ba chenchana tora, ha ba kutu e tla se ke ua ka tsela e iketsang o ile a bua ka korotse ka. Gunner nka taolo ya phofung e akarelletsa le tham mong bang laser rangefinder le mollo konopo bakeng sa sehlahisoa thunngoa. Ka nako ena, molaoli tanka na le matla a ho lemoha le ho tsosolosa mahlong ho shebiloeng hlahlamang. merero ea tsena tse peli li boloketsoe ka ditsitithale mollo taolo k'homphieutha. Ka mor'a ho thunngoa le ho otla shebiloeng pele Molaoli mechine e konopo, tora e hlohlelletsoa hore u finyelle pakane ea bobeli le ea thunngoa ka tsela e iketsang. Thanks ho Tsamaiso ena ea tanka ka ntoa e eketsehile firepower ho ka tsela e atlehang le ho ka potlako otla korotse ka.

teko

"Challenger 2" o ne a atlehile ho lekoa ka British Army le Royal Army ea Oman. entsprechen tsohle sebetsa ka sa t. H. sebetsa tsamaiso e khopo tšepahala le robustness di fihlellwa. Features chobemskoy lihlomo tsa di tiisoa ka tsela ea ya thuno ya lona ka libetsa morao-rao-ba khahlanong le tanka. Phello teko e ne e le polokeho tse feletseng tsa tora, le matla a ho tsamaisa sebetsa tse boikaelelo jwa tsone tsamaiso e khopo 'me le etse Shots.

drive

Tanka "Challenger 2" nkile le 12-silindara enjene disele bokgoni ba 1200 k. e. ea Perkins dienjini (Shropshire, UK). Phetiso - David Brown TN54 paterone ke le 6 pele 'me ba babeli ba likere khutlisetsang. Lebelo tanka fihla 59 km SE / H le karolelano off-tsela - 40 km SE / H. Mathang pokello ke 450 km SE ke tseleng le 250 km SE ea sefapano-naha.

polokeho

Moralo oa tanka "Challenger 2" lefang lebisa tlhokomelo e khethehileng ho polokeho ea basesisi ba sekepe le survivability tsa mochine. tora e hlometse ka bobeli oa lihlomo tsa chobemskoy isa molokong o mong, e leng e fana ka e se e eketsehile ho hanyetsa ho kenella ka hare ea likhetla-ba khahlanong le tanka. tanka e sireletsoa liphellong tsa libetsa tsa nyutlelie, tsa likokoana-hloko le tsa lik'hemik'hale le thuso teng ka turret NBC oona tsamaisong ya tshireletso e pressurized tlhotliloeng moea. Electronics e sirelelitsoe ke sa ea nyutlelie motlakase pulse length.

Movement tsa sethunya turret le hlahisoang ke motlakase sebakeng sa actuator haeteroliki. Sena se felisa likotsi tse amanang le otlile ea hoses phahameng khatello ea ho basesisi ba lekareche. Storage ea liqhomane e teng ka tlase tora eo e fana ka tlase ba tlokotsing ho feta karolong lona ka morao.

Tanka entsoeng ka thekenoloji stealth hore kokitisa radar lona saena.