Steam litanka: molao-motheo oa tshebetso le sesebediswa

Steam tanka ke sesebediswa bakeng sa ho fetola metsi mouoane hore e sebediswa ka bobeli lapeng le ho indasteri. Steam e sebediswa ho futhumatsa le mafelo a le, likoloi le lipeipi, hammoho le bakeng sa le manakana a potolohang turbomachinery. A re ke re fumana ho eketsehileng seo ke karolo litanka mouoane. Molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa, tlhophiso e sesebediswa, ho pharalla le tse ling tse ngata - tsohle ena e tla tšohloa mona ka tlase.

tlhaloso

Joalokaha u tseba, e le mouoane a boiler unit trust e hlahisa mouoane. Ka tsela eo litanka tsa mofuta ona e ka hlahisa lipara tsa mefuta e 'meli: phelelang le superheated. Tabeng ea pele, mocheso ke ka bang 100 likhato, 'me khatello ea - ba ka bang 100 kPa. Superheated mouoane mocheso e hlaha ho likhato tse 500 le khatello ea - ho fihlela ho 26 MPa. Phelelang mouoane e sebelisetsoa merero e ruuoang, haholo-holo bakeng sa ho futhumatsa matlo a poraefete. Superheated mouoane o fumane kopo ho indasteri e ngata le matla. O lumella mocheso, kahoo ho e sebelisa ho eketsa haholo ho ka bokgoni ba ho semela.

Boholo

Ho na le likarolo tse tharo tsa sehlooho tsa kopo ya litanka mouoane:

1. Futhumatsang tsamaiso ea. mouoane le sebetsang sebakeng sa hae e le mohloli oa matla.
2. Matla. dienjini Industrial mouoane, kapa ha ba ntse ba ba bitsoa mouoane lijenereithara li sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa eneji, le motlakase.
3. Indasteri. The mouoane ho indasteri e sebelisoang eseng feela bakeng sa ho futhumatsa, "lihempe" didiriswa tse le lipeipi, empa le bakeng sa ho sokoloha matla mogote ka likoloi mechine le ho fallela.

litanka Household mouoane sebediswa bakeng sa futhumatsang ruuoang. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, mosebetsi oa bona ke halefile le metsi mouoane mokhatlo oa ka lipeipi e. Joalo tsamaiso hangata hlomella ka sebōping ema kapa tanka. Ka tloaelo ho, lisebelisoa lapeng hlahisa phelelang superheated mouoane, e leng ho lekaneng ho e phetha mesebetsi ea bona.

Ho indasteri, mouoane ke superheated - tsoela pele ho futhumatsa ka mor'a e le mouoane le sepheo sa ho eketsa ka ho eketsehileng mocheso. mehaho ena na le ditlhoko boleng khethehileng, ho tloha overheated tanka mouoane likotsi ho phatloha. The mouoane superheated fumaneha tanka ya, 'na ea moloko oa motlakase kapa ho phetha molao feela tshisinyo.

jwale motlakase le mouoane thehoa ka tsela e latelang. Steaming, mouoane le kena turbine moo e ke ka lebaka la phallo e teteaneng a dikologela le theko. Ka tsela eo, matla a mogote e fetoloa ho phetha molao feela, 'me eena, le eena, a e fetoloa eneji, le motlakase. Ke kamoo matla a turbine ena.

Chenchana tsa theko, e leng le hlaha ka e le mouoane ya e ngata ea superheated mouoane, o ka a tšoaetsanoang ka ka ho toba ho ya metsamao ya mmele le lebili. Kahoo mokhatlo oa ke ho tsamaisa mouoane. E le mohlala o ratoang oa mouoane enjene ea mashala ho ka etsa hloohoana kapa leoatleng tanka. opereishene ea ho qetela molao-motheo e bonolo: le mashala combustion e etsa chelete mocheso eo heats metsi le chelete mouoane. Hantle bobeli, le eena, a a dikologela lebili, kapa tabeng ea woman stage sekepe.

Steam litanka: tshebetsong

A re hlahlobeng ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane joang ho sebetsa litanka tsena. Mohloli oa mocheso o hlokahalang bakeng sa ho futhumatsa metsi, e ka ba mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa matla: motlakase, matla a letsatsi, geothermal, mocheso ho tloha go tuka ga molelo tsa khase kapa mafura a tiileng. Steam generated nakong futhumatsang ea metsi ke mocheso phetiso mokelikeli, i.e. fetisetsa mogote matla a ho futhumatsa sebaka sebakeng sa sebelisoa.

Ho sa tsotellehe ho fapaneng merero, le sesebediswa ka sehloohong le molao-motheo oa tšebetso ea litanka mouoane ha fapana. Kakaretso ea metsi futhumatsang oa potoloho ka ho sokoloha ha lona morago ga moo e ka mouoane e tjena:

1. Hloekisa ka metsi-filter le phepelo lona ho tanka futhumatsang ka pompo ea. tanka e ka kakaretso teng ka karolong e ka holimo ea sethusathuto ena.
2. From tanka metsi ho kena ka methapo ka ngata ka, teng ka ho latellana tlase.
3. Metsi hlaha hape, feela lekhetlong lena ha ka phala le ka libaka futhumatsang.
4. Ka libaka futhumatsang thehoa ke lipara. Tlas'a bohato la phapang khatello e pakeng tsa metsi 'me se ntho gaseous, ho tla hlaha batho' ho ya hodimo.
5. Holimo mouoane halefile e fetisitswe ka kgaoganyo, moo e ile ea qetella e arohane a tsoa ka metsing. Litlhaka kahare mokelikeli khutlela pokello, 'me mouoane e lokela ho ba ka mola mouoane.
6. Haeba sena ha se e tanka tloaelehileng, le jenereithara mouoane, ho se ho eketsehileng halefile ka liphaephe. Ka mekhoa ea bona futhumatsang a hlalosa mona ka tlase.

sesebediswa

Steam litanka emela tanka eo ho eona metsi a halefile ho theha mouoane. Ka kakaretso ba ile ba ba etsoa ka mokgwa wa liphaephe tsa boholo bo sa tšoaneng. Ho feta moo phala le tanka ea metsi ka linako tsohle na le kamore e combustion e (sebōpi). sebopeho lona le ka fapana ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa mafura sebediswa. Haeba ho ke ke lehong, kapa mashala thata, e ka tlase ea sebōpi ke instolwe grate leo mafura spongebob. Ho tloha botebong ba grate, e leng moea o kena ka kamoreng go tuka ga molelo. A tlhōrōng ea sebōpi hlomella le chomela, e hlokahalang bakeng sa traction e atlehang - e potoloha moeeng le combustion e mafura.

Molao-motheo oa litanka mouoane bakeng sa tuki tiileng le batla le e fapaneng ho tloha disebediswsa eo setsidifatsi sebelisoa e le lintho tse bonahalang mokelikeli kapa gaseous. Tabeng ea bobeli, boapeelo akarelletsa combustion e kamoreng eo sebetsa joaloka burners ea stoves khase ea lelapa. Bakeng sa ajoa moea hape sebelisa grate le flue, hobane ho sa tsotellehe mofuta oa mafura, combustion e moeeng e le boemong bo bohlokoa.

Combustible khase fumaneha mafura combustion e, e hlaha ho tanka ea metsi. O fana ka metsi mocheso lona le exits ka chomela sepakapakeng. Ha metsi a halefile ho a phehile le mocheso, e qala ho mouoane. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela le hore metsi a e pshang kateng pele, empa e se ka tekanyo e joalo 'me ka joalo mocheso mouoane. Le fetola mouoane mouoane feela kena phala. Kahoo, ajoa mouoane le phetoho ya aggregation maemong a metsi ho etsahala ka tlhaho. Molao-motheo oa tšebetso ea ho tanka mouoane a ajoa ka likopi tsa tlhaho hloka fokolang haholo kenella batho. Sohle seo u lokelang ho se etsa le opareitara e ke ho etsa bonnete ba e tsitsitseng ea metsi a chesang le ho laola tshebetso ka disebedisweng tse khethehileng.

Tabeng ea motlakase metsing futhumatsang tanka bonolo. E halefile ke thepa ea motheo e futhumatsang kapa heaters mofuta ofe liketsong tse ka tataiso le e halefile ke Joule-Lenz.

tlhophiso

Steam litanka, molao-motheo oa e re nahana ka kajeno, ka classified ka litsela tse ngata.

Ke mofuta mafura:

1. Mashala.
2. Khase.
3. Boima oli.
4. Motlakase.

Ka taetsano:

1. Lelapa.
2. Matla.
3. Industrial.
4. Botjha ha thepa.

Ke moralo:

1. -Tube.
2. Metsi tube,.

ke phapang ea khase le tube, metsi litanka mouoane seo

Molao-motheo oa tshebetso e thehiloe litanka futhumatsang le tanka ea metsi. Bokgoni oo metsi a tsoela ka mmuso mouoane hangata ke tube, kapa methapo tse ngata. Devices oo heats phala mafura, ke tsoha, ho litanka bitsoa-tube,.

Empa ho na le khetho e 'ngoe - ha combustion khase susumelletsa ka phala e, teng ka hare ho tanka ea metsi. Tabeng ena, lik'hontheinara metsi bitsoa meropa le tanka ka boeona e - metsi tube,. Ka parlance neng li tloaelehile ho o boetse o bitsoa mollo-tube, tanka ea metsi. Ho itšetlehile ka lefelo la litanka meropa metsi a mofuta ona e arotsoe: tshekaletseng, paatsepama le radial. Hape, ho na le dikai hore di kenngwa tshebetsong litaelo fapaneng methapo.

Sebopeho le ho sebetsa molao-motheo o mollo-tube, tanka ea metsi-tube, fapane hanyenyane ho tloha. Pele, e ama phala boholo le metsi le mouoane. Ka metsi-tube, tanka ea metsi methapo tlase ka kakaretso, ho feta ka-tube,. Tabeng ya bobedi, ho na le ho se tšoane ka sebaka matla. -Tube tanka e fana ka khatello e sa feteng 1 MPa le na le mocheso o fehla motlakase bokgoni ba ho fihlela ho 360 KW. Lebaka la sena ke phala kgolo. E ileng ea thehoa ka methapo e lekane mouoane khatello, mabota bona lokela ho ba teteaneng. Ka lebaka leo - litsenyehelo tsa ho ba litanka joalo e overstated. Ea matla le metsi tube, tanka ea metsi. Ka lebaka la ho methapo tšesaane leboteng, mouoane heats molemo. Le thirdly, metsi tube, litanka sireletsehileng. Ba hlahisa mocheso le sa tšabe overload bohlokoa.

likarolo tse eketsehileng tsa litanka

Molao-motheo oa tšebetso ea tanka ea mouoane o bonolo haholo, leha ho le joalo li entseng ka eona e na le palo e ka toka khōlō ea lintho. Ho feta moo likamore combustion e le liphaephe tsa ajoa ka likopi tsa litanka metsi / mouoane a hlomelloa le disebediswa tsa ho ho ntlafatsa tsela ea bona (eketsa mouoane mocheso, khatello ea sona 'me palo). disebediswsa Tsena li akarelletsa:

1. Superheater. E sebeletsa ho eketsa mocheso mouoane ka holimo ho likhato tse 100. Overheating ea mouoane ho eketsa bokgoni ba ho sesebediswa le bokgoni lona. Superheated mouoane a ka finyella thempereichara e sa likhato tse 500 Celsius. Joalo thempereichara e phahameng etsahala dimela mouoane ea liteishene tsa matla a nyutlelie. Motheo oa superheat ke hore ka mor'a hore e le mouoane tla ka phala e tlas'a Steam reheated. Bakeng sa morero ona, ka didirisiwa e ka 'na ea ho a hlomelloa le a betsa tlatsetsang kapa piping le' ngoe eo pele lipara khumo ka tšebeliso e reretsoe, le fetisa makhetlo a 'maloa ka sebōping khōlō. Reheaters ke mahlaseli a le cavity. Mosebetsi pele makhetlo 2-3 sebetsang hantle haholoanyane.
2. Kgaoganyo. Sebelisitseng bakeng sa "drainage" mouoane - arola e tsoa ka metsing. Sena se eketsa ka bokgoni ba ho semela.
3. Steam accumulator. sesebediswa sena e reretsoe ho boloka boemo ba lula semela mouoane. Ha banyalani ba bang ba ha hoa lekana, ho phaella ka ho re ho tsamaiso le, ka fapana le hoo, ka ho joalo khetha ea overabundance.
4. Tsa go baakanyetsa sesebediswa bakeng sa metsi. Bakeng sa mochine ho sebetsa nako e telele, metsi e oelang ho oona, ba lokela ho finyella litlhokahalo tse itseng ka ho khetheha. sesebediswa sena ho fokotsa palo ea oksijene ka metsi le liminerale. Mehato ena e bonolo le ka thibelang ts'enyeho ea lipeipi le sebopeho sa tekanyo e ka mabota bona. Mafome le hloa e seng feela ho fokotsa ho atleha ha sesebediswa, empa hape ka potlako mo tataisang ba mo ka lokisoeng, haholo-holo tabeng ea tšebeliso mafolofolo.

thepa go baya leitlho

Ho phaella moo, tanka ea metsi e hlomelloa le disebediswa tsa ho ba thusang ho laola le tsamaiso. Ka mohlala, li lekanngoe switjha basekaseki metsi boemo ba ho boloka ka linako tsohle boemo ba mokelikeli ka moropa ena. Molao-motheo oa tshebetso ya pontshi menyako tanka mouoane thehiloeng phetoho Boima ba thepa e khethehileng nakong ea phetoho bona ho tloha mohato mokelikeli ho mouoane le sekgoeng. Tabeng ea ho kheloha ho tswa tloaelehileng le e tla bipi ho hlokomelisa basebeletsi ba kgwebo ya.

Boemong taolo metsi ke e boetse e sebelisoa standpipe tanka. Molao-motheo oa tšebetso ea ho sesebediswa thehiloeng conductivity ea motlakase oa metsi. lenaneng la ho ke tube, a hlomelloa le li-electrode a mane, ho laola metsi. Ha lenaneng la metsi fihla letšoao tlaase, e le fepa ka pompo amana, 'me ha ka holimo - tsamaisoa metsi a boiler khaotsa.

sesebediswa se seng bonolo ho lekanya ka boemo tanka ea metsi ke metsi-khalase, o kopantswe ka unit trust e. Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa metsi lekanyetsa bokhoni khalase mouoane tanka e bonolo - e reretsoe ho laola bonwang ya metsi.

Hape boemo ba mokelikeli tsamaisong ea ka tsela mechine e lekanyang khatello le ditemometareng lekanya mocheso le ho hatelloa ke ho latellana. Sohle se hlokahalang bakeng sa ho tshebetso tloaelehileng ea tanka e le ho thibela ka monyetla oa ho hlaheloa ke likotsi.

Steam lijenereithara

Re se re bua ka molao-motheo oa tanka ea mouoane, hona joale ka bokhutšoanyane tloaelane le peculiarities ea lijenereithara le mouoane - the litanka matla ka ho fetisisa a hlomelloa le disebediswa tsa ho eketsehileng. Joalokaha u ka bona, le phapang ka sehloohong pakeng tsa mouoane ho tswa ho tanka ke hore sebopeho lona e kenyeletsa reheaters le 'ngoe kapa ho feta, e leng ho o dumella ho thempereichara e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea mashala. Ka dimela tsa nyutlelie matla, e loketseng ho banyalani ba bang ba chesa haholo, fetola matla a athomo disintegration ka eneji, le motlakase.

Ho na le litsela tse peli tsa motheo: metsi futhumatsang, le phetolelo ea eona e be boemo gaseous ka melena ho:

1. Metsi hlatsoa 'mele oa melena ena. Ha melena e folisoa le metsi e halefile. Kahoo, mouoane e hlahisoang ka oa potoloho ka thoko. Tabeng ena, ho jenereithara mouoane o sebeletsa e le mocheso exchanger.
2. Liphaephe lekoa ka metsi ka hare melena ena. Ka mothofatso ena, melena ke kamoreng combustion e tsoang ho eo mouoane e fuoa ka kotloloho ho jenereithara e. moralo ona o bitsoa a phehile metsi melena. Mona tsohle sebetsa ntle le mouoane.

bofello

Kajeno re ile a kopana le mochine o joalo e metle e le tanka e mouoane. Sebopeho le molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa ba sesebelisoa sena ke bonolo le thehiloe banal thepa 'meleng ea metsi. Leha ho le joalo litanka ntsetso-peleng haholo bophelo ba motho. Ba mofuthu moaho le thusa hlahisa motlakase.