Protists - sena ... Characterization le litšobotsi mehaho

Ka chebo ea mahlo, ho bonahala eka systematics morao-rao o ne a se a tsebahatsa taxa tsohle tse ka sehloohong 'me a sa ho pheha khang. Empa ho ke ke ha ho joalo. U utloa ka bonngoe bo joalo ba tsamaiso e le protists? Haeba ha ho joalo, ka nako eo sehlooho sa rōna ke sa hao.

History of sibolloa

Protists - khopolo e neng pele hlahiswa ka saense ea Jeremane tlhaho Ernst Haeckel. Sena se etsahetse ka 1886. Ka nako eo, ho ne ho se ho tsebahala hore ba babeli ba mebuso ea mofuta: limela le liphoofolo. All tse ling phelang tse phelang Setsebi 'me ba tlisa ho protists. Empa saense e ha e ema. Systematics thōko makgetheng ntjha e kgolo, ho bōpa taxa. Le ka 1969, ho ecologist American Roberg Whittaker hlalositswe protists be le maikutlo a kajeno. Ke tsela eo, rasaense ena e bitsoang mongoli ea tsamaiso "mebuso e mehlano." Jwalo tlhophiso ea lintho tsohle tse phelang e ntse e le tsa bohlokoa kajeno.

Litšobotsi tsa protists

Ke protists tse phelang tsohle, eo 'mele ha o hlahise masela ana. Le ha ho tsotellehe kamoo ba thehoa liseleng. sebopeho e tšoauoa ka protists khubu. Har'a limela ho matleng a dimelametsing sehlopha sena. protists Heterotrophic tse hlahisoang protozoa le lintho gribopodobnymi.

Sebōpeho sa dimelametsing le

Tlhaloso protists qala ka dimela pele e ileng ea hlaha lefatšeng - dimelametsing. Har'a bona ke baemeli ba metazoans. Ho chlamydomonas le chlorella. Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore' mele ea bona kaofela e emeloang ke seleng e le 'ngoe, ba ile ba etsa le thulaganyo tsohle tsa bophelo. ho hema ena ka khetla propelled ke flagellum e, autotrophic phepo e nepahetseng, ho ikatisa ka ho arola ka ba babeli kapa sporulation. dimelametsing Multicellular tse ngata tse sa tšoaneng. Ka lisele tsa 'mele ea bona li amana anatomically, empa u se ke ua theha lisele. mehaho e joalo ba bitsoa thallus kapa thallus.

protists heterotrophic

sehlopha sena se akarelletsa mefuta e khona ho ja feela metsoako manyolo lokile. Heterotrophic protists - masoha-e nang le sele, kapa protozoa. Ho sa tsotellehe ho lebitso, sebopeho bona e boetse ke ho le thata haholo. E mong oa atileng ka ho fetisisa ke baemeli ba bonolo ba Paramecium caudatum. Joaloka liphoofolo kaofela unit trust bona holim'a emeloang ke lero la mali lera le pellicle emelang tletse bethe cytoplasm. organelles ka ho sa feleng ea protists tsena ke tshilong ya dijo le contractile vacuole. Pele e etsoa enzymatically rarolla dintho manyolo, 'me ea bobeli - ho molao oa tsamaiso la khatello osmotic le metsi le phapanyetsano letsoai.

Ka ciliates le hlaha esita le thulaganyou e ho kopanela liphate, tseo nka sebōpeho sa conjugation. Tabeng ena liphoofolo tse peli tse converge thehoa cytoplasmic borokho, leo motheo oa lesedi liphatsa tsa lefutso fanana pakeng tsa bona. tse fapa-fapaneng haholo organelles mokhatlo oa heterotrophic protists. Ka ciliates ke cilia tse ngata ka Euglena - e flagellum le 'ngoe. Empa amoeba game Proteus bopa e protrusions bao e seng ka ho sa feleng ea cytoplasm, eo ba bitsoa pseudopodia, kapa pseudopodia.

Gribopodobnye protists

Sehlopha sena sa protists remoutu tšoana li-mushroom ba sebele. Ka mohlala, letlooeng 'mele bo emela labyrinthulomycetes lelera plasmodia. Lerako le seleng e le bopilwe ka thata Oomycetes selulose. Ho feta moo, ba ntse ba tsoela diplobiont, ba theha zoospores selefouno. le matšoao ana a tloaelehileng ho polryadka gifohitridievyh, tseo boholo ba tsona li intracellular likokoana-hloko tsa dimelametsing le invertebrates.

E ikhethang thepa

Protists - tse phelang tse nang le makgetha a ho sa tloaelehang haholo. Tsena li akarelletsa pseudopodia gribopodobnyh labyrinthulomycetes. Ba kopane le dibopeho le tshwanang ea lisele tsa boahelani, ho bōpa e marangrang eohle. baemeli ba ka taelo ea hore a fane ka le se ikemetseng protuberance hrizofitovye bitsoa gaptonemoy. Ho na le microtubules, pota-potiloe ke kotopo ea reticulum endoplasmic. Ka dinoflagellate hlokomela sebopeho bona e ikhethang ea khubu ea, chromosomes tse kamehla ka boemo ba spiralizirovannom.

polyphyly ke eng

hangata haholo protists bitsoa polyphyletic sehlopha, kapa taxon. Sena se bolela hore e entsoe ka lintho tse ileng tsa proven amana le baemeli ba diyuniti tse ling taxonomic ha kenyelelitsoe ena. Ho joalo, feela li bua ka 'muso o ka phoofolo, le dimelametsing - ho ' muso semela. taxa Polyphyletic ke se karolo ea lenaane-thalo ea kajeno, hobane baemeli ba bona ha ba na ho moholo-holo a tloaelehileng. Mehlala ea lihlopha tse joalo li batang-sehloho, liphoofolo kapa libaktheria autotrophic.

Ho joalo, protists - e eukaryotic phelang, e leng u se ke ua theha lisele tsena. Har'a bona ba se nang balekane le multicellular mefuta, auto- le heterotrophs. Ka baemeli ba kajeno oa protists ke dimelametsing, protozoa le gribopodobnye phelang.