'Muso oa mofuta

Likokoana-hloko thalo - saense tse sebetsanang le ntshetsopele ya melao-motheo ea tlhophiso ea lintho tsohle tse teng phelang le ho sebelisa melao-motheo ena ho sa kaho ea tsamaiso e lotaganngwa. The tlhophiso ea lintho tse phelang e akarelletsa tlhaloso ea bona le placement hierarchical tsamaisong ea 'mele. Ho ea ka e mong oa classifications tsena, tsohle liphoofolo tse hlaha e arotsoe mebuso.

'Muso oa mofuta - e dihlopha phahame taxonomic tsamaisong manyolo lefatshe. Karolo ea liphoofolo tse hlaha tse teng 'musong e nkoa e le ka botlalo ho ka lokafatsoang ho ya ka dipehelo ho iphetola ha lintho. Ho ea ka mo phelang tsohle li arotsoe ka tse peli tse superkingdom (pele ho ntoa ea nyutlelie le libetsa tsa nyutlelie tse phelang), tse akarelletsang le mebuso e mene: Monera, dimela, li-fungus le liphoofolo. E mong le e 'muso le eena lona arotswe podtsartva. Nahana ka dihlopha tse khōlō ka ho qaqileng le ho feta.

Pele ho ntoa ea nyutlelie le batho bao e seng tsa nyutlelie tse phelang (prokaryotes) - tse phelang tse se nang seleng khubung khabisitsoeng. The khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso ke tsa mofuta o lesale le ketane DNA teng nucleotide le, ntle le eaba ba etsa chromosomes tsena. Tsela ea ho kopanela liphate ka phelang joalo ha ho joalo. Bakeng sa prokaryotes bo-rasaense ba etsa mefuta e fapaneng ea libaktheria, ho akarelletsa le 'mala o moputsoa-tala dimelametsing.

The tse ling mebuso e meraro ea tlhaho ke eukaryotes. The pele ho tsona - limela. Phapang bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho tloha tse phelang tse ling dimela - bokhoni ba bona ba ho fepa autotrophic, i.e. ho tlamahanya itseng dintho manyolo ho tloha inorganic. dimela tala phetha tala, a sebelisa matla a sa khanya ea letsatsi. Ka tala, ka ho hlophisoa ha sepakapaka khase e hlokomelwa. Kahoo, dimela - mohloli o ka sehloohong oa matla le lijo bakeng sa lintho tse phelang tsohle tse lefatšeng la rōna.

The tlhophiso ea tlhophiso dimela e rarahaneng haholo. Qalong, ba ile ba ba aroloa ka dimela e ka tlaase le e phahameng. tlaase semela 'mele e sa aroloa ka motso, thibela le lekhasi. Ho theola dimela di dimelametsing, e leng 'mala o moputsoa-tala dimelametsing, Chrysophyta, siliceous, bosehla bo botala, sootho, e khubelu, euglenophytes, tala le dimelametsing tse ling. Ho fapana le dimela ka tlaase, limela e phahameng, 'mele holimo dissected makala khethehileng (lekhasi, bakoang, motso). Tsena li akarelletsa ho ata Moss, ts'oara ka letsohong, mefuta angiosperms ea limela, e leng emit hara litlelase motho.

Li-mushroom - 'muso oa mofuta hore kopanya likarolo tsa liphoofolo bobeli le dimela. Li-mushroom, joaloka limela, immobile; di tšoauoa ke boteng ba apical kgolo le mabota seleng. Le liphoofolo ho li-fungus a heterotrophic mofuta oa metabolism, sebopeho sa urea le litšobotsi tse ling. Li-mushroom ikatisa vegetatively, ho kopanela liphate le asexually. Ba mineralize litlhaka kahare dimela mobung. Mefuta e meng e ka bakela mafu a ea limela le liphoofolo. Re ile ra fumana palo e kholo ea hlobo e sebelisoa kajeno ho hlahisa lithibela-mafu, divithamini, li-hormone. Ho ke ho sephiri hore li-fungus tse ngata li jeoang. Ka hare ho sebaka sa ena ea tlhaho ho na le mefuta e meraro: li-fungus 'nete, oomycetes,' me hlobo e slime.

Baemeli ba 'muso phoofolo tšoauoa ka e itseng thepa tšoana le dimela, ho akarelletsa le, ka mohlala, metabolism le sebopeho lisele. ho tšoana ho tsena li bakoa ke hlahang ho yona tloaelehileng. Leha ho le joalo, sehlooho se khethollang tšobotsi - lijo. Liphoofolo tse heterotrophs, i.e. iphepe lokisitsoeng ke metsoako manyolo, ka lebaka la ho hlōleha ha bona ho synthesize thepa inorganic. Hangata, liphoofolo ka mafolofolo selefouno. Ho ea ka likhakanyo batallang, ho na le mefuta e ka bophara limilione tse peli ea liphoofolo. Joalokaha eka ke ka mebuso e meng ea tlhaho, liphoofolo tse arotswe podtsartva, mefuta e le mefuta e. Ho joalo, ho na le ba se nang balekane-e nang le sele le multicellular liphoofolo, aroloe ke e mengata e mefuta e le mefuta e. Ho batho ba e mong oa mefuta tsena.