Prague ea bolepi ba linaleli Box: histori le sculptural mokhabiso

Prague ea bolepi ba linaleli Box (Orloj) - mehleng e bohareng oache tora, hlomamisa Prague ka Old Town Square. Ba leng teng leboteng boroa ba tora ea Khale Town Hall. Ke lilemo tsena linaleli oache boemo boraro lefatšeng. Ka tsela eo, ba tsofetse haholo, empa a sa ntse e sebetsang.

Oh, kamoo Prague ea bolepi ba linaleli Box! Orloj na le likarolo tse tharo tsa motheo tsa behoa tora plate. karolo lona bohareng ba mong'a a hlomelloa ka bolepi ba linaleli manakaneng, e bontša ba Babylona, Old Bohemian, morao-rao (Central Europe) le nako sidereal, nako ea hore letsatsi le likele letsatsi le chaba, mohato khoeli, boemo ba linaleli har'a lihlopha tsa linaleli, ba entsoeng ka lesakaneng la zodiacal.

Mahlakoreng ka bobeli a oache ea bolepi ba linaleli ba litšoantšo eo susumelletsa mong le e mong hora. Har'a bona ikhethang ka holimo ho seemahale tsohle Lefu, entsweng ho ya ka mokgwa wa masapo a batho. Ka holimo, ka lehlakoreng le letona 'me lehlakoreng le letšehali la setsi Lejoe litsoantso tse betliloeng lengeloi lifensetere tse peli hanyane kenngoa ka e mong le e mong hora, ha a ne a utloa oache chiming, alternately hlaha liemahale oa baapostola ba 12. Ka holimo u bona lejoe le seemahale sa le kerubime khauta mokoko ba lla ha Baapostola qeta mokoloko bona.

Tlasa manakaneng ea bolepi ba linaleli e behoa eo almanakeng, eo ka eona u ka fumana hore na khoeli ea selemo, mafelo a beke, letsatsi la beke, hammoho le matsatsi a phomolo a sa fetoheng ea Bokreste. Le letona 'me le letšehali ho sona le sona sculpted liemahale behoa.

tokelo e

Prague ea bolepi ba linaleli Box lokiselitsoe marobalo sebakeng ka tora ea mehaho Old Town. Ka 1338 palo ea baahi ba Town Khale ea moemphera John oa Luxembourg fuoa tokelo ea ho ba le Holo ea botho. Ka mor'a moo, bakeng sa ho sebelisoa tsa litoropo e ile ea rekoa ke ntlo e poraefete tsa mohoebi Volfina ea lejoe. Qalong, mohaho oo o ile oa tsosolosoa ho latela litlhoko tsa Lekhotla la City, 'me joale ka 1364 ho ile ha etsoa a hlomelloa le tora e. Holim 'a eona e ne e le oache, e neng e pele eo ho buuoang ka 1402. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ho tokiso hlokomoloha ne a lokela ho nka sebaka sa bona haufinyane, e le hore o ne a bōpiloe Orloj.

Ho joalo, re ka tsoela pele ho ithuta ka ho eketsehileng Prague ea bolepi ba linaleli Box. The manakaneng a bolepi ba linaleli le litebelo phetha molao ke likarolo tsa khale-khale tsa oache e, entsweng ho ya ka 1410. likarolo tsena entse clockmaker Mikulas tsa Kadan porojeke e ne setsebi sa linaleli 'me setsebi sa lipalo John Schindel. The manakaneng ea bolepi ba linaleli e na le moralo sculptural hore hlahisa kokoano ya tummeng moseti Czech le meralo Petra Parlerzha. Orloj pele ho builoeng ka tokomane ngotsoe October 9, 1410. Ho eona Mikulas tsa Kadan e tšoauoa ka e phahameng 'me o ile a hlokomela watchmaker ea bōpileng chimes le astrolabe ea ho libakeng tsa boholo-holo oa Prague.

Ho thahasellisang ke hore pampiri ena, Lekhotla City le ramotse ba qosa setsebi Albert (pele e neng e le mohlokomeli) ka lebaka la ho se tsotelle ha fetileng tlhokomelo oache le Mikolas thoriso mosebetsi oa hae o ikhethang. tokomane ea boela ea re e ka moputso bakeng sa mosebetsi oa setsebi sa ho fumana ntlo motseng hekeng Gavelskih, 3000 Prague dipeni mong nako tjhelete le chelete e tsa selemo le selemo tsa 600 dipeni.

phoso ea histori

lesedi mong videong ka Orloe hlaha 1490. E ne e ka nako eo e watchmaker Yan Ruzhe Prague, e tsejoang e le Master Hanus, lokisa sesebediswa, o ile a re pele ho fallela litsoantso tse betliloeng Lefu le ka tlaase manakaneng a le almanaka eo. Tsena disebediswa tse tsotehang le lilemo tse 80 ea ho hlokomolohuoa sa bakeli pele ya tshusumetso ya ha e le hantle hore ke na mong'a Hanus ho eketsehileng lilemo tse 450 e ne e nkoa 'mōpi oa oache e. ho nepahala ha eona ea histori e ile esita le bonahatsoa tšōmo, ho ea ka eo e leng setho sa Lekhotla la Prague ba laeloa hore ba foufatsa setsebi Hanuš mo mosebetsing oa hae ne a ke ke a pheta kae kapa kae e mong. Tlhahisoleseding ena ke haholo-holo e atileng har'a barutehi leboha ho mongoli Alois Jirasek, eketsa ho bona "khale Czech Legends" (1894).

Ka Yana Ruzhe, mohlomong o ne a ena le mora, eo ka lilemo tse ngata o ne a ile a mo thusa. E ne e le eena ea ileng a shebella ha oache ea bolepi ba linaleli ho 1530. Ena e bapisoa le watchmaker Jakubom Cech, 'mōpi oa pele lihora tse nkehang habobebe Czech. Ka Yakub e ne e le lithaka le Orla setseng ntle le tlhokomelo e lekaneng.

Ka 1552 o ile a khethoa hore a sebeletse Prague ea bolepi ba linaleli Box Yana Taborskogo. O ile a lokisa le ntlafatswa sehlahisoa, hammoho le beha hammoho hae akaretsang thupelo ea botekgeniki. Ho ka tokomane ena ka lekhetlo la pele Yang Tabore hampe bitsa 'mōpi Ian Chimes Rouge. phoso e hlahile ka lebaka la tlhaloso fosahetseng tsa nyako ea nako eo. Ka 1962, ho otlolloa le setsebi sa linaleli Czech le rahistori Zdenek Gorski, ea ileng a ithuta histori ea saense.

Poloko ea oache ea

Lilemong tse makholo tse latelang, Prague ea bolepi ba linaleli Box emisoa makhetlo a 'maloa ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke baboloki litsebi le banyalani ba bang ba linako tse ling li ne li lokisoa. Ka 1629, 'me 1659 lihora latellana li ne li beha ho lokisa, e leng nakong eo ba batter mochine ho e se e ba ile ba fallela theoha tora,' me setšoantšo sa Lefu hlaha lehong "balekane." Nakong ena bo khethehileng tsamaiso e khopo ho lokisa patiloeng motsamao oa la Moon, le bontša mohato lona e se e thehiloe.

lilemo tse mashome kaofela ema li eme Prague ea bolepi ba linaleli Box. Prague lilemong tsa bo-XVIII ne ke sa ela hloko boemo ba bona tse mahlonoko. Ha ka 1787 mong'a tsosolosoa toropong holo Orloj bile ba batla ho kenngoa tšepe sephephechaneng. Dihora tse pholosoa basebetsi timetso ea Prague Clementinum: Hlooho ea sheba le Professor Strnad Antonin entse dithusa le ho lokisa hammoho watchmaker Simon Landspergerom ho 1791 batla a lokisa bona. Ha e le hantle, o ile a khona ho matha feela oache sesebediswa, 'me e ke astrolabe senyehile' me a lula.

Ka nako e tšoanang, ho ile ha eketsoa ka liemahale e susumetsang ea baapostola. Overhaul la oache e ne e tšoaroa ka la lilemo 1865-1866: likarolong tsohle tsa mochine ba 'nile ba khalemela, ho akarelletsa le astrolabe ea, e leng mokoko figurine ile a phaella ka. E o tsejoa hore ha moetsi oa litšoantšo Manes Josef khabisoa ka tlaase almanakeng ka drive. Le ho laola ho nepahala ha litsebi leqeba theha chronometer Bozheka Romuald.

tshenyo

A mangata baetsi ba litšoantšo ba a bōpa Prague ea bolepi ba linaleli Box. Czech Republic ke motlotlo ka sengoathoana ena ea bonono. E o tsejoa hore e se e baka tšenyo e tsotehang qetellong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea World oache. Prague, ka 1945, la 5 May,-ba khahlanong le Manazi bofetoheli qhoma. Motseng ntoa e ne e le hohle, e ne e ba haha barricades. Haholo-holo likhohlano phehellang hlahile bohareng, haufi le mohaho oa Czech Radio, marabele ao a haptjoa. Marabele a ka thuso ea e fetisang seea-le-behoa tora ea Khale Town Hall, hasa boipiletso ho batho ba Czech.

Prague, e ne e le karolo ea "setsi sa" ea Jeremane Army Group. Ba ile ba leka ho beha fatše borabele le ho mo kena hanong kgaso. lebotho la Jeremane ho thunya ho haha flak projectiles incendiary Old Town Hall, a etsa hore ea May 8, 1945, e epelaki. Joale e ntan'o ba oache ea bolepi ba linaleli e ile hampe senngoa ke mollo: bolepi ba linaleli e ka koloi sa soahlamana fatše le almanaka eo manakaneng le liemahale tsa lehong la baapostola ba ne ba chesoa.

hlaphoheloa

E o tsejoa hore ke July 1, 1948 chimes ba ile ba tsosolosoa barab'abo feletseng Jindřich le Rudolf Vesetskie lokisa likarolo robehileng le kobehileng ho tsamaea 'me a tsosa hape,' me setsebi ka lehong le lecha betliloeng liemahale tsa baapostola. Last Litokiso tse nyenyane tsa oache e ne e entsoe ka 2005. Kajeno, ke ho bōptjoa ha 3/4 na le likarolo tsa khale.

bolepi ba linaleli manakaneng

Ke hobane'ng ha batho ba bangata hakaale ba batla ho bona Prague oache? matšoao ea bolepi ba linaleli e tšoantšetsoa ka tsoileng matsoho ena, khahla mong le e mong. The manakaneng la oache e ke astrolabe ea, a hlomelloa ka drive ho tsamaiso oache. Orloj phetha Ptolomeevskoe geocentric sebōpeho sa lefatše: bohareng ke Earth pota eo ho bapaloa khoeli le letsatsi.

Ho ea ka ntse mmala ea bolepi ba linaleli tiske bontšang lefatše le leholimo le, thepa ea motheo e latelang susumelletsa: lesale ka ntle le bolepi, matšoao le litlhaku le Moon le Sun manaka a watjhe banyalani ba bang ba ka letsoho la khauta le e asterisk qetellong. Ho fapana le litebelo ba tloaelehileng, mona manaka a watjhe ho na.

eo almanakeng manakaneng

ho feta tummeng Prague ea bolepi ba linaleli Box ke eng? Calendar oache ea oache li ile tsa pele etselitsoeng Yanom Ruzhe (Hanuš mong'a) ka 1490. E o tsejoa hore chimes qalong e ne e feela ea manakaneng bolepi ba linaleli. Pele eo almanakeng disk, ka bomalimabe, ha ba pholoha. tlhahiso lona hona joale o ne a bōpiloe ke archivist K. J. Erben ho tloha Prague nakong ea tsosoloso ea lilemo 1865-1866, e thehiloeng likopi tse setseng ka 1659, e leng e ne e thehiloe litšoantšo ba boholo-holo. Lilemong tse 1865-1866 almanaka eo tiske penta pentiloeng Manes Yozef. Ke ka lebaka leo e atisa ho bitsoa manakaneng a Manes.

Mokhabiso sculptural ea litloloko

Re se tseba mokhoa oa ho bitsa Prague ea bolepi ba linaleli Box. Orloj - lebitso la bona la bobeli. Liemahale, ae kgabisa e, ba ile ba bōptjoa ka lilemo tse makholo a 'maloa. Ke ka lebaka leo ha ba na e le 'ngoe ho bōpa maikutlo. Ho lumeloa hore lejoe lijaneng tse betliloeng tsa ae kgabisa manakaneng ea bolepi ba linaleli, 'me ka litsoantso tse betliloeng lengeloi ka karolong e ka holimo ea oache ea, kokoano etsoa Petra Parlerzha. The libaka tse ling tse hlaha hamorao.

Nako le nako lihora liemahale tsosolosoa, ka linako tse ling re ne re etsa bocha hore hlakoloa kutloisiso e bona e ka sehloohong. Ka lebaka leo, kajeno ho thata haholo ho hlalosa se emeloang ke moralo meralo ea chimes ena.

matla a sa tloaelehang

Batho ba nang le mindset mehleng e bohareng e dumela hore sebopeho leha e le efe e ka ba kotsi tšusumetso ea makhotla a phahametseng tlhaho. Kahoo ba ile ba khabisitsoeng ka tlung ea hae lebelang likarolong tse sa tšoaneng. Ho tloha ka bolepi ba linaleli oache teng ka kene lekokong la mohaho oa boipheliso (it ba ne ba sa sireletsa sebaka sebeletsa tempeleng), ho hlokahala hore eketsehileng lithatho. Ka tsela eo, e leng karolo e ka holimo ea Prague tsoileng matsoho itebela hore mokōkō le basilisk lengeloi.

Ka marulelo mekgokolosa ba tšōmong libōpuoa tse - basilisk tse pedi, tse khonang ho sokolla le chabang le le likelang u le lesoha libōpuoa tsohle tse phelang ho lejoe. E mong le e ba bona ba nang le mapheo a mabeli, nonyana molomo, 'me motsu-mohatla Noha' mele. E o tsejoa hore basilisk fumanoeng botumo ka lebaka la sehlooho la morena noha. Manehiloe mokoko - e le letsoao la boholo-holo oa falimehile le sebete e le hore le lumelise ba letsatsi le letsatsi le lecha e behiloeng tlas'a marulelo a chimes ena. Litumelo ba bolela hore le mohoo oa pele oa nonyana ena disappears matla bobe, pusong ea bosiu.

Central seemahale sa tlhōrōng ea hora, ke e seemahale sa lengeloi le nang le mapheo. lenģosa la Molimo e ntse e tsoela fluttering lente le ka molaetsa oa hore kajeno ho ke ke ha khoneha ho bala. Angel ke seemahale khale tsa fumanoa seoelo e le moloaneli phehellang khahlanong le makhotla a lefifi. Ho relies ka ledge e, tlas'a e leng e behoa lefika sehlopha unidentifiable ka ho feletseng. Ba bang ba re ke pastiche linoha, batho ba bang - moqolo le mongolo o sa tsejoeng. Ka lehlakoreng le ka ya mokhabo-lengeloi lifensetere tse peli behoa, e hlaha mong le e mong liemahale hora oa baapostola ba 12.

Re tšepa hore u thabetse sehlooho sa rōna ka Prague ea bolepi ba linaleli Box, 'me u na le takatso ea ho fana ka bopaki tsoileng matsoho ena.