North Caucasus: sebopeho le tlhaloso. Haholo-holo ka sebopeho sa Caucasus

The North Caucasus - tšimo se seholo hore fetela le ho tswa Lower Don. Ho ae phethang karolo ea Russia sethaleng le lipheletsong e Moholo Caucasus Range. Liminerale, diminerale metsi a, ntshetsopele ya temo - e ntle le e sa tšoaneng North Caucasus. Tlhaho, ka ho maoatle le landschap itlhalosang, boa ikhetha. E ngata ba leseli, mocheso, fapanyetsana libakeng tse omeletseng le mongobo e fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ya limela le liphoofolo.

E khabisitse naha mona ea North Caucasus

Ka naha ea North Caucasus ke Krasnodar le Stavropol Territory, Rostov Region le Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia le Dagestan, Chechnya le Ingushetia. le lithabeng hlomphehang, masabasabeng sa feleng, seka-mahoatateng, meru ho etsa sebaka sena e le motle bakeng sa bohahlauli.

lithaba ranges tsamaiso eohle ke North Caucasus. mofuta ho fapana le bophahamo holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle. Sebaka landschap e arotsoe likarolo 3:

1. Mountain.
2. Foothill.
3. Steppe (thota).

Northern leliboho sebakeng fetela le pakeng tsa linōka Kuban le Terek. Ho na le ke libaka steppe. E qala ka boroa ea sebaka se Piedmont, eo e qetella ka mekoloko ngata.

Boemo ba leholimo e ama ho hongata haholo tsa lithaba le planar la maoatle - la Seoa, Azov, la Caspian. Thermal metsi, e leng ho ka lemoha ka Northern Caucasus na bromine, radium, a iodine litareng e, potassium.

Lithaba tsa North Caucasus

Ho tswa ho leqhoa libaka ka leboea ho libaka chesang ka boroa otlolla mofuta wa Russia. Caucasus - lithabeng phahameng ka ho fetisisa naheng eo. Li ileng tsa bōptjoa ka nako ya phutha Alpine.

Tsamaiso ea Caucasus Mountains ho nkoa e mocha lithaba dibopeho, hammoho le ho Apennines, le Carpathians, ho Alps, ho Pyrenees, lithaba tsa Himalaya. Alpine orogeny - ea puso ea ho qetela ea orogeny. E ile ea etsa hore mehaho e mengata ea thabeng. E mong ea bitsoang ho tlotla ya Alps, moo tshebetso nka ponahalo fetisisa tloaelehileng.

Northern Territory Caucasian emeloang ke lithaba tse Elbrus, Kazbek, le Rocky makhulo orilla Cross feta. 'Me sena ke tse nyenyane feela, e leng karolo tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ba matsoapo le maralla.

The litlhōrō phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea North Caucasus - ke Kazbek, eo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ntlha e ho pota 5033 limithara tse le seretse se chesang foqohe Elbrus -. 5642 m.

Ka lebaka la ho tiea Geological ntshetsopeleng ya tšimo e le mofuta wa Caucasus le lithabeng masimo a khase e le barui, oli. Ho na le tluoa linthong meepo - mercury, koporo, tungsten, polymetallic tšepe.

Haholo-holo ea mofuta oa North Caucasus

Ho bokella matsoai liliba tsa fapaneng lik'hemik'hale le mocheso, li ka fumanoa sebakeng sena. The molemo e sa tloaelehang tsa metsing se entse hore ho ho thehoa ha libakeng tse sa phomolo. Tsebahala haholo bakeng sa liliba tsa eona le Spas Mineralnye Vody, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk.

Mofuta wa North Caucasus e arotsoe libakeng tse metsi le e omme. Mohloli o ka sehloohong oa pula e Leoatleng la Atlantic. Ke hore na ke hobane'ng ha piedmont sebakeng ka bophirimela ho lekaneng e kolobisitsoeng. Ha a ntse a ka bochabela ba batsho pepesa sebakeng lifefo (lerōle), e omeletseng moea, komello.

Haholo-holo ea mofuta oa North Caucasus ke mefuta e fapaneng ya matšoele moea. Ka linako tsohle, le sebaka seo ho ka kena ka phallo ea a batang, e omeletseng Arctic metsi - Atlantic, e chesang e mongobo - Mediterranean. Air matšoele, e mong ka mor'a e mong, ke mefuta e fapaneng ya maemo a leholimo.

Ka naha ea Northern Caucasus 'me ha ho moea o ea moo - foehn. Pholileng lithaba moea, oela fatše butle-butle halefile. Ho fihla fatše ke ntse a chesang le molapo. Ena e bopa moea Dryer.

Hangata e batang moeeng matšoele phunyeletse ka orilla Caucasian, ho fetisetsa ho se potoloha ho ea ka bochabela le e ka bophirimela mahlakoreng. Joale ka tšimo eo e e-ba leholiotsoana ea timetso ea limela thermophilic.

boemo ba leholimo

The North Caucasus e moeling oa libaka tse futhumetseng le tropike. Ho fana ka softness le mofuthu la tlelaemete ya. Short mariha, eo nka tse ka bang peli le likhoeli tse telele lehlabuleng - ho fihlela ho likhoeli tse 5.5 go. Bongata ba khanya ea letsatsi sebakeng sena ka lebaka la hole lekanang ho tswa ho equator le lipalo tse. Ka hona, le mofuta wa Caucasus fapane morusu le mebala e khanyang.

Lithabeng, e khōlō palo ya pula oela. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore ba bangata moeeng, le ho emisa ho tsona matsoapong bochaba hodimo folisoa, mongobo o fuoa. Ka lebaka leo, boemo ba leholimo e fapaneng ho tloha libakeng tse sa meepo tsa mosiko le lithota. Nakong ea mariha lehloa lera bakoang ke ho fihlela ho cm, 5. On matsoapong ka leboea haufi le leliboho qala leqhoa ka ho sa feleng.

Ha e bophahamong ba 4000 limithara, esita le ka mongolian thempereichara e lehlabuleng holimo lefela e sa bone. Ka mariha, e avalanches khoneha tswa utloahalla efe kapa efe e bohale, mokhatlo oa atleha.

Mountain linōka, sefefo le a batang, e na le tšimoloho ea eona nakong ea qhibiliha ea lehloa, glaciers. Ka lebaka leo, likhohola e joalo e matla ka selemo le hoetla ke hoo e ka bang e omeletseng ha mocheso o tlase. Qhibiliha lehloa nakong ea mariha emeisa le ka potlako lithaba melapo ngatafale tebang.

Ba babeli ba linōka kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa North Caucasus - Terek le Kuban - fana ka naha ea melatswana tse ngata. Thanks ho bona, o nonneng o motsho mobu ruileng kotulo.

Lirapa tsa lifate, lirapa tsa morara, masimong tee, monokotsoai hantle ka libaka le omeletseng. Tsena ke lintho tse hlahang ka sebopeho sa Caucasus. Lithabeng tse batang fana tsela e eang mofuthu oa lithoteng le mosiko, mobu o motsho fetoha sootho mobu.

metsi matsoai

O lokela ho tseba hore ho peculiarities ya North Caucasus - ke e rarahaneng ea lintlha. Tsena li akarelletsa sebaka se tswang maoatle, maoatle. Mofuta wa lenaneo la liphallelo la naha ena. Sebaka se tswang ho equator le lipalo tse. Tataiso ea boima moea, e ngata pula.

Ho joalo etsahala hore sebopeho sa Caucasus tse sa tšoaneng. Hape ho na le linaheng tse nonneng le drylands. Mountain makhulo le meru phaene. masabasabeng Dry le linōka tebileng. Leruo la lirafshoa, ho fumaneha ha metsi matsoai etsa sebaka seo motle bakeng sa indasteri le bohahlauli.

Tlhaloso ya mofuta wa Caucasus ka tsela e hlollang bakeng sa ha e le hantle hore tse fetang 70 liliba tse ka fumanoa sebaka sa eona. Ho ke ho bata, mofuthu, le chesang diminerale metsi. Ba fapaneng ka ho hlophisoa bona, e thusang ho thibela le kalafo ea mafu a:

• gastrointestinal pampitšana;
• letlalo;
• tsamaiso ea ho potoloha ha mali;
• e tsamaiso ea methapo.

Ka ho fetisisa tummeng metsi sulphurous tse motseng oa Sochi. mehloli Ferruginous - ka Zheleznovodsk. Hydrogen sulfide, radon - Pyatigorsk. K'habone - Kislovodsk, Essentuki.

Flora

Limela sekoahelo sa sebaka seo sa tšoaneng joaloka liphoofolo tse hlaha Russia. Caucasus e arotsoe lithaba, mosiko, lithoteng area. Ho itšetlehile ka sebakeng sena phetoho le limela. E bakoang ke maemo a leholimo, mobu le sediments.

Mountain makhulo - tlokomang Alpine, makhulong. Moferong oa rhododendron fa forbs mebala-bala. Ho na le u ka fumana tsa junipere, hahabang shrub, tse ikamahanya le tsela ea bophelo tlas'a lehloa. Ho nka sebaka sa bona ka potlako meru deciduous, moo ho na le eike, beech, chestnut, hornbeam.

Meadow-Marsh limela alternates le libakeng tse omeletseng seka-ea lehoatata. Ba tletse ka masimong maiketsetso - poppie, irises, lalele, meru la leoka le the oak.

Aronia hlahisa monokotsoai le a pharaletseng a naha, lirapa tsa morara. Nature Caucasus e loketseng sefate le ditholwana morung - pere, ciliegia plum, Hawthorn, blackthorn, dogwood.

liphoofolo

Steppe lula liphoofolo tse kang gopher, jerboas, 'mutla, ferret hlaha, phokojoe, phiri. Ba ruileng liphoofolo tse hlaha le Russia. Caucasus le semidesert libakeng lona e loketseng hedgehogs eared, gerbils sefate sa tamarisika le har'a mpa ea motšehare, lefatše mutla le phokojoe-Korsakov. Ho na le antilopen (antilopen). Merung leo ho ahiloeng ho ke likhama, sootho bere, bison.

Caucasus Nature litšobotsi palo e kholo ea lihahabi. Mongobo le mofuthu boemo ba leholimo - boemo phethahetseng bakeng sa ho pholoha ba bona, le ho ikatisa. Sena marabe steppe le Boa Noha le mokholutsoane.

Lehlaka libethe ka fumanoa boar hlaha, morung katse, jackal. Ho na le metsi a linonyana, hammoho le ntsu, Hawk, kestrel, nonyana, bustard, harrier, nkholi.

liminerale

Large mobung ea oli le khase morui, mofuta wa Caucasus. Industrial bohlokoa mobung ea thata le sootho mashala, koporo le mankanese manya, asbestos, lefika letsoai.

lithuto tsa mobu li bontšitse hore ho hlokahala hore kaofela bakeng sa tšepe ea sechaba moruo ka fumanoa Karolong e ka Leboea Caucasus. tšimo ena:

• zinki;
• koporo;
• chromium;
• aluminium;
• arsenic;
• lebisa;
• tšepe.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena ba ratoa haholo ke tsoelo-pele ea ho haha lejoe. Haholo-holo tsa bohlokoa tse matsaranka seretse se chesang se tuff le letlapa. Bakeng sa kaho ea meaho sebediswa ea moo Neogene lejoe la mokoetla. The North Caucasus e tumme ka mobung lona la morema, 'mabole, basalt. Fumanwa mobung tsa khauta le silevera.

bofello

Likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa mofuta wa North Caucasian leshano ka mefuta-futa ea eona. Ha e kopana le ea lithaba glacial le Aronia mabalane, Alpine makhulo le seka-mahoatateng. pula ea tletseng libakeng tse ka bophirimela a ba susumelletsa meea e ba libaka tse ka bochabela.

Maholiotsoana, mofuthu le a batang shebaneng moea theha tšobotsi ea Northern Caucasian. Phallang ho tloha Leoatleng la Atlantic le Leoatle la Mediterranean tse mongobo. Dry moea matšoele ho tloha Asia Bohareng le Iran, tšela holim'a moea chesang.

Hloekileng, moea hlakile phelelang ho khanya mahlaseli fana phela nako e telele ho baahi ba oona ba merabe e fapaneng. Mofuthu, mariha e khutšoanyane, maemo a phahameng a lefapha la ea temo hohela baeti. Healing liliba, mobung ea lirafshoa etsa sebakeng sena motle bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo le indasteri.

Split-boemong ba naha, linōka tse ngata - le botle ba tlhaho ba bohale ba literaeke ke khanya ea eona. maeto histori le setso e fana ka pulse length matla tšimong ena e nonneng.