Sebopeho, Thuto mahareng le likolo
Sebōpeho sa lipid ena. Features ya sebopeho sa lipids
Fats - e mong oa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa dintho tse phelang ho hlokahala ke lintho tsohle tse phelang. A sehloohong sena a re tla sheba sebopeho le mosebetsi wa lipids. Ba tla ka mefuta e fapaneng ya bobedi ka sebopeho le ka mosebetsi.
Sebōpeho sa lipid le (baeloji)
Lipid - e rarahaneng manyolo lik'hemik'hale komponeng. Ho e na le metsoako e 'maloa. A re ke re sheba sebōpeho sa lipids ka ho qaqileng le ho feta.
lipids e bonolo
Sebopeho lipids tsa sehlopha sena e fana ka metsoako e 'meli: joala le tse mafura acid. Hangata ka lik'hemik'hale tsa lintho tse joalo e akarelletsa likarolo tse tharo feela: k'habone, haedrojene le oksijene.
Mefuta e fapaneng ya lipids e bonolo
Di arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo:
- Alkilatsilaty (waxes). Ho esters ea mafura acid e phahameng le alcohols mono- kapa dihydric.
- Triacylglycerols (mafura le oli). Sebōpeho sa lipids ea mofuta ona e fana ka ho ba teng ka glycerol (trihydric joala) le litlhaka kahare ea mafura acid e phahameng.
- Ceramides. Esters tsa sphingosine le tse mafura acid.
lipids rarahaneng
Dintho tsa sehlopha sena se akarelletsa likarolo tse tharo. Ntle ho tsena, ba kenyeletsa ho litho tsa bona tse ngata tsa Sebabole, naetrojene le phosphorus.
Classification tsa lipids rarahaneng
Ba ka boela ba arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo:
- Phospholipids. Sebōpeho sa sehlopha lipid akarelletsa ho, ho phaella ho litlhaka kahare ea alcohols polyhydric le tse mafura acid e phahameng, ho ba teng ha litlhaka kahare ea acid e phosphoric, ho tse khomaretse lihlopha tse eketsehileng tsa likarolo tse sa tšoaneng.
- Glycolipids. Tsena ke lik'hemik'hale dintho tse hlahisoang ke ha e kopana le lipids le lik'habohaedreite.
- Sphingolipids. Sena aliphatic aminoalcohols.
Pele mefuta e 'meli ea lipids, le eena, ba aroloa ka subgroups.
Kahoo, mefuta e meng ea phospholipids ka 'na ba nka phosphoglycerolipids (na ka sebopeho glycerol lona, litlhaka kahare tse pedi tse mafura acid, acid e phosphoric le alkanol Amine), cardiolipins, plasmalogens (na ka sebopeho unsaturated monohydric phahame joala phosphoric acid e le alkanol Amine), le sphingomyelins (dintho tseo bopilwe ea sphingosine, acid e mafura, acid e phosphoric le choline aminoalcohol).
The mefuta e sa glycolipids ke cerebrosides (ntle sphingosine le tse mafura acid e nang galactose kapa tsoekere), gangliosides (e nang le oligosaccharide tsa hexose le acid sialic) le sulfatides (khomaretse ho acid e sulfuric hexose).
Karolo e phethoang ke lipids 'meleng
Sebopeho le mosebetsi wa lipids amana. Ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore limolek'hule tsa bona ba le teng ka nako Polar le nonpolar mehaho lingoathoana, dintho tsena le khona ho sebetsa ka segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo ea.
Lipids na robeli mesebetsi ea motheo:
- Matla. Ka lebaka la ho ho kena moea oa lintho tse tsena 'mele o fumana liphesente tse fetang 30 tsa matla a mo hloka.
- Sebopeho. Features lipid dibopeho ba lumella ho ba le bohlokoa karolo ea likhetla. Ke karolo ea lera ka lera la 'mele e sa tšoaneng ho etsa lera ya lisele methapo ea kutlo.
- Stock tsoha. dintho tsena di acid e mafura foromo chelete phelang.
- Antiokisdantnaya. lipid sebopeho lumella hore ba ho phetha karolo ea joalo, 'me ka' mele.
- Taolo. Ba bang ba lipids ke mediators hormone ka lisele tsa tsona li. Ho feta moo, ba bang ba lipids li thehoa li-hormone le dintho hore susumelletsa immunogenez.
- Sireletsang. Subcutaneous lera mafura fana mogote le phetha molao ho sireletsa phoofolo. Ha e le dimela, ka nako eo ka boka ba linotši ka bopa khetla e sireletsang holim'a makhasi le litholoana.
- Information. Lipids gangliosides fana mabitso pakeng liseleng.
- Tshilong ya dijo. Lipid k'holeseterole tloha eaba ba etsa acid bile amehang mosebetsing oa ho ba tshilo ya dijo.
The tswakana tsa lipids 'meleng
metsoako tse ngata tsa sehlopha sena tse tsa maiketsetso ka seleng ea tšoanang tshimololang lintho tse bonahalang - acid e acetic. Laola li-hormone metabolism mafura tse kang ho thusa insulin, adrenaline le pituitary-hormone.
Ho boetse ho na lipids hore 'mele oa ka ha hlahisa lona. Ba lokela ho kena 'meleng oa motho ka lijo. Ba leng haholo-holo ka meroho, litholoana, litlama, linate, khoahlapisitseng, sonobolomo le sa mohloaare oli le lihlahisoa tse ling se hlahang ho yona semela.
Lipids, divithamini
Ba bang ba divithamini ka lintho tsa tlhaho tsa bona tsa lik'hemik'hale tse sehlopheng sa lipids. Tsena ke divithamini A, D, E le K. Ba tlameha ho ingested lijo.
| vithamine | mesebetsi | Ponahalo ea ho hloka | mehloli |
| Vithamine A (retinol) | Kopanelang papaling ea ho e kgolo le ntshetsopele ya dinama tse nyenyane tse epithelial. Akarelletsoa Bo-rhodopsin - pigment bonwang. | Omile le flaking tsa letlalo. Litsebeng Pono leseling mafutsana. | Sebete, spinach, lihoete, parsley, pepere e khubelu, apricots. |
| Vithamine ea K (phylloquinone) | Ho kopanela metabolism k'halsiamo. Activates le liprotheine le boikarabelo ba ho coagulation mali, ho akarelletsa le sebōpeho sa dinama tse nyenyane tse masapo. | Ossification la lefufuru, mali hoama, mobung letsoai ka marako a methapo ea mali, lesapo deformation. Vithamine ea K khaello e sa tloaelehang haholo. | E tsa maiketsetso ke libaktheria tsa intestine le. Hape tse makhasi a lettuce, bobatsi, spinach, k'habeche. |
| Vithamine D (calciferol) | Kopanelang papaling ea ho ka metabolism k'halsiamo, sebopeho lesapo le leino enamel. | rickets | Cod sebete oli, lehe yolk, lebese, botoro. E tsa maiketsetso ka letlalo ka ho ho pepesehela mahlaseli mahlaseli. |
| Vithamine E (tocopherol) | Ho di hlohleletsago boitshireletso ba mmele. Amehang dinama tse nyenyane tse tsosa morolo. Ho sireletsa lera la seleng e tsoang ho senya. | Eketsa e lumellang metsi ho kena ea lera la seleng, fokotseha ba sireletsehile maloetseng ana. | Meroho le oli ea limela. |
Mona re hlahloba sebopeho le thepa ea lipids. Hona joale hore u tseba seo ke dintho tsena, seo ke phapang pakeng tsa lihlopha tse sa tšoaneng, ho lipids karolo ea phetha ka batho.
bofello
Lipids - dintho rarahaneng manyolo, tse arotsoe ka le bonolo le le e rarahaneng. Ba phetha ka 'mele oa mesebetsi robeli: matla a bolokoa, mehaho, antioxidant, sireletsang, taolo, tshilong ya dijo le litaba. Ho phaella moo, ho na le lipids, divithamini. Ba phetha mefuta e fapaneng ya mesebetsi likokoana-hloko.
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