Mesoderm ke eona e ka pele ho litho tse ngata le lisele tse ngata

Lintlheng tsa mofuta leha e le ofe o khetholloa ke ho thehoa ha maqephe a emmone. Mefuta e joalo ea liphoofolo tsa khale joaloka li-coelenterates le liponche, lesea le e-na le lihlopha tse peli feela: endoderm le ectoderm. Ha nako e ntse e feta, lekhasi la boraro, mesoderm, le hlaha mefuteng e mengata ea lintho tse phelang.

Mesoderm ke eng?

Ontogeny ke tsoelo-pele ea sebopeho sa embryo, e tsamaeang le liphetoho tse 'maloa morpholoji le mokhoa oa anatomy oa bokamoso ba' mele o monyenyane. Mesoderm ke lekhasi le nang le karolo ea bohlokoa ho thehoa ha litho tse ngata le lisele tse ngata. Liphoofolo tse ngata tsa khale tse kang hydrasa, jellyfish, corals kapa liponche ha li na lefeela tse bitsoang liphoofolo tse peli tse khanyang, kaha ha li ntse li kenngoa ka hare ho tsona li ne li na le lipampitšana tse peli feela tsa embryonic.

Ho theha mesoderm

Mokhoa oa ho beha lekhasi le ka hare la embryonic lihlopheng tse fapaneng tsa taxonomic le fapane. Ho na le litsela tse tharo tse tummeng haholo tseo mesoderm e thehiloeng ho tsona: ke teloblastic, enterocemental le ectodermal.

1. Tsela ea tekano ea mesoderm e tsoetseng pele e tšoana le liphoofolo tse ngata tsa khale, 'me e itšetlehile ka sebopeho sa blastomeres. Ba bang ba bona ka ho khetheha ho beha lekhasi le lekaneng la limela, e qetellang le e-na le lihlopha tse peli tsa nako e telele. Litheipi tsena li hlahisa mesoderm.
2. Mokhoa oa mefuta-futa o fapane ka ho feletseng ka hore lisele tsa mesodermal li hlahisa ho kenngoa ha tsona (ho kenngoa ha tsona) hammoho le endoderm. Ho kenngoa ha eona nakong e tlang ho etsa hore e be mathomo a mathomo. Moeli o pakeng tsa makhasi a mabeli ka nako e telele o ntse o sa tsejoe, 'me ka mora nako e telele mesoderm e le khethollo e ikemetseng e tsoang ho ea ho qetela. Tsela ena ea tsoelo-pele e tšoana le liphoofolo tse kang lancelet kapa starfish.

3. Tsela ea ho ntlafatsa mesoderm ke mofuta oa liphoofolo tse kang lihahabi, linonyana le liphoofolo tse phefolang (ho akarelletsa le batho). Ntlha ea bohlokoa ke hore ka mor'a ho kenngoa ha eona, ke feela ho qetela ho thehoa. Haeba re nahana setšoantšo sa lesea le sa tsoa emoloa ka karolo, joale ka mor'a ho phomola ha metsi (ho thehoa ha tlhaho) ho tla ba le sebaka se sa lefelloeng pakeng tsa ento- ectoderm. Ho na le lisele tse "budding" tse tsoang ho ectodermal origin, tse hlahisang lera le lecha la embrong.

Morphology ea mesoderm

Karolo ea bohlokoa ho thehoa ha lesea le sa tsoa emoloa ke mesoderm. Sena ka baeloji ke pontšo e ntle ea ho iphetola ha lintho, hobane phapang ea morpholoji ea lekhasi le bohareng la limela le lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa liphoofolo le sebelisoa ka taolo ea bophelo.

Haeba re nahana ka lihlopha tse peli tsa longitudinal, tse etsoang ka mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa, joale mesoderm e tla emeloa ke libaka tsa metamerical repeating. Karolo e ka morao ea theipi e joalo e arotsoe ka somites, lateral - ho nephrotomes, le ka mpeng-ho splanchnotomes.

Mosebetsi oa mesoderm ke ofe? Likarolo tsa batho li entsoe ho tloha mesoderm

Mongolo o mong le o mong oa embryonic ke mofuta oa selelekela ho litsamaiso tsa litho le lihlahisoa tsa 'mele oa nakong e tlang. Topology ea lipampiri tse ikatisang haholo e rera hore na qetello ea bona e tla ba efe. Kaha mesoderm ke sebaka se bohareng ba mefuta e mmele, e kopanela ho thehoa ha lisele le litho tse kopane pakeng tsa methapong ea motho le likarolo tse ka hare-hare tsa 'mele. Ke mehaho efe ea mesoderm e qalileng?

1. Ho thehoa ha lisele tsa maiketsetso ho hlaha feela ho tloha lisele tsa mesoderm. Makala ena ke moeli o pakeng tsa karolo e ka ntle le e ka hare ea hoo e batlang e le setho sa phoofolo.
2. Tsamaiso ea musculoskeletal, e nang le masapo le tsamaiso ea mesifa, e boetse e na le tšimoloho ea mesodermal. Mona ha re bolele feela mesifa ea masapo, empa hape e bolela lerako la mesifa ea methapo ea mali, pelo le litho tse ling tsa ka hare le mehaho. Masapo a emeloa ke batho haholo-holo ka masapo a masapo, le ka lihlahisoa tse nyenyane tsa lefuba. Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea likhathatso, ka bobeli ba motsoako oa sebopeho se hlahang, u se ke ua ferekanya tšimoloho ea mohaho ona oa sekhahla le mokokotlo. Haeba ho qetela ho na le mohloli oa mesodermal e le kannete, joale ts'ebetso ke mokokotlo oa mala, 'me kahoo tšimoloho ea eona e amahanngoa le endoderm.
3. Mekhoa ea ho kopanela liphate le e tsitsitseng e boetse e thehoa ho tloha mesoderm. Li amana le bongata ba lihlopha, tse bolelang hore li thehoa ho tsoa lekhasi le tšoanang le lejoe la emmou.
4. Tsamaiso ea mali e boetse e na le mohloli oa mesodermal. Bobeli lipelo le lijana li thehoa ke lisele tsa lekhasi le bohareng la semela.

Qetello

Mesoderm ke mohaho o rarahaneng oa embryo, e leng qetellong e hlahisang litho tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa le lisele tse bohlokoa. Lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa lihlopha tsa liphoofolo, sebopeho le nts'etsopele ea lekhasi le mahareng li fapane, 'me ena ke e' ngoe ea lintho tse fetohileng. Ho ba teng ha mesoderm ho bontša phoofolo e mararo a mararo, e leng pontšo ea bohlokoa ea tsoelo-pele ea sehlopha.