Lintho tsa lefutso la liphatsa tsa lefutso le tsamaiso ea eona e tloaelehileng ea DNA

Ka liphatsa tsa lefutso ho tloaelehile ho utloisisa tsamaiso e joalo ea matšoao a bontšang ho hlophisa sekhetho sa lik'hemik'hale tsa nucleotide ka DNA le RNA, e lumellanang le mokhoa o mong oa matsoho o bontšang likarolo tsa amino acid metsoako ea molek'hule ea protheine.

Sena ke sa bohlokoa!

Ha bo-rasaense ba khona ho ithuta matlotlo a liphatsa tsa lefutso, bokahohle bo ne bo nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea tse ka sehloohong. Ka sebele, e makatsang joalokaha e ka utloahala, lintho tsohle tse phelang li kopanya e le 'ngoe, bokahohle, e tloaelehileng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. E ile ea thehoa nakong ea nako e kholo, 'me ts'ebetso ena ea fela lilemong tse likete tse 3,5 tse fetileng. Ka hona, ka mohaho oa khoutu hoa khoneha ho latela litsela tsa ts'ebetso ea eona ea ho iphetola ha lintho, ho tloha motsotsong oa tšimoloho ho fihlela letsatsing la kajeno.

Ha ho boleloa ka ho latellana ha lisebelisoa tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho boleloa hore ha e felle ka boithati, empa e na le taelo e tobileng. 'Me sena, le sona, se ikarabella haholo ka thepa ea lefutso. Sena se lekanang le tokisetso ea mangolo le li-syllables ka mantsoe. Ke habohlokoa ho tlōla taelo e tloaelehileng, 'me boholo ba seo re se balang libukeng kapa maqepheng a likoranta li tla fetoha abracadabra e se nang kelello.

Matla a motheo a liphatsa tsa lefutso

Ka tloaelo khoutu e iketsetsa tlhahisoleseding efe kapa efe, e ngotsoe ka tsela e khethehileng. E le hore u tsebe ho tseba lintlha tsa lefutso, ho hlokahala hore u tsebe likarolo tse ikhethang.

Kahoo, lintho tsa motheo tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ke:

• The tripletness;
• Ho ikamahanya kapa ho khutlisetsoa morao;
• E ikhethang;
• Tsoelo-pele;
• Boemo ba bokahohleng bo ka holimo.

A re luleng ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane setšeng ka seng.

1. Ntlo e tharo

Sena ke ha metsoako e meraro ea nucleotide e etsa ketane e ikemetseng ka har'a molek'hule ea nucleic acid (e leng DNA kapa RNA). Ka lebaka leo, ho na le khokahanyo ea kathathu kapa ea codon. Codone ena e kenyelletsa e 'ngoe ea amino acid, e leng sebakeng sa ketane ea peptide.

Ho na le li-codon (ke li-codewords!) Ho ea ka likamano tsa tsona tsa mefuta-futa le mefuta ea metsoako ea nitrogenous (e-nucleotide) e ikarabellang.

Liphatsa tsa lefutso ke tloaelo ho arola mefuta e 64 ea codon. Li ka theha motsoako oa mefuta e mene ea nucleotide ea 3 ho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe. Sena se tšoana le ho phahamisa nomoro ea 4 ho ea ho matla a boraro. Ka hona, ho thehoa ha li-nucleotide tse 64 ho khoneha.

2. Ho fokolloa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso

Setša sena se fumanoa ha li-codon tse 'maloa li hlokoa hore li kentse motsoako o mong oa amino, hangata ka hare ho 2-6. 'Me ke amino acid feela methionine le tryptophan e ka ngolisoa ka katleho e le' ngoe.

3. e ikhethang

E kenyelletsoa matleng a liphatsa tsa lefutso e le pontšo ea bophelo bo botle ba liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ka mohlala, boemo bo botle ba mali, hemoglobin e tloaelehileng e ka bolella lingaka tse sebakeng sa botšelela karolong ea GAA e mararo. Ke eena ea nkang boitsebiso bo mabapi le hemoglobin, hape o kenyelletsa acutamic acid. 'Me haeba motho a kula a e-na le phokolo ea mali, e' ngoe ea li-nucleotide e nkeloa sebaka ke lengolo le leng la khoutu - U, e leng pontšo ea lefu lena.

4. Tsoelo-pele

Ha o ngola setša sena sa liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho lokela ho hopoloa hore li-codons, joaloka li-link ka ketane, ha li le hole haholo, empa li le haufi-ufi, ka ho latellana ka ketane ea acid ea nucleic, 'me ketane ena ha e sitise-ha ho na qaleho kapa qetello ho eona.

5. Univesithi

Motho ha aa lokela ho lebala hore ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e lefatšeng e kopane le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse tloaelehileng. Ka lebaka leo, ka botumo le motho, ka likokoanyana le nonyana, baobab ea lilemo li lekholo, le joang bo tšoanang le bo mararo, li-amino acid tse tšoanang le tsona li ngolisitsoe ka mararo a tšoanang.

E ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tseo boitsebiso ba motheo bo mabapi le thepa ea sena kapa ea mofuta ona bo behiloe, mofuta oa lenaneo leo lihlahisoa li fumanoang e le lefa ho ba neng ba phela pele ho moo le hore na ho na le liphatsa tsa lefutso.