Mehaho ea metsi ho noa ho tloha mehloli sekhukhu

Bakeng sa ho fumana metsi a tsoa ka metsing holim'a le intakes tebileng metsi a lokisetsa le dikarolo. Ba behoa ka mabōpong a matamo, linōka le matša a. Bakeng sa merero ea liindasteri sebelisoa mehaho e ka lebōpong la maoatle, lateloa ke ho fepa ho phallo kotopo. Ha libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle ea le tlogetswego metsi a hloekileng, le tšebeliso ea desalination metsi leoatle le tsamaiso tlhoekiso ka lokafatsa moruo le botekgeniki.

U ka ntšang metsi melapong ea sekhukhu lokisetsa dibopeho mofuta tebileng ho sebedisa tsamaiso pompa. mehaho e Onshore ka fluctuation tsa metsi ka pokello e hahiloeng ka mabaka a maiketsetso, liqubu motheo ho sireletsa seteishining sa tswa leqhoa le lintho tse phaphametseng. Ke tsela tokisetso ea ho noa dibopeho tse onshore, khethehileng le matla a khoheli (nōka).

mefuta e sa tsoaneng ya dimela

Ruslovye seteishene matla a khoheli mofuta haha lebōpong la leoatle a sa tebang pokello le litloholo tse nyenyane le tse bonolo tsa mobu ba fokolang. moralo bona fana ka sump, e le meralong feela mahala-phallang, hantle hlooho, e sirelelitsoe ke mekoallo. Metsi sephetho le e fuoa ke pompa tsamaiso e khopo ka mola khatello ea bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ka ho eketsehileng. Karate khotsofalla ho feletseng koahetsoe, tletse metsi feela ka moroallo kapa holim'a. seteishene sa pompo ea sebetsang ho le lesoba metsi kapa hlomamisoa e le sesebelisoa sa standalone.

Mabōpong a moepa oa matamo a faneng libaka tsa ho noa onshore mofuta eo na le se na marako a qetellong le piping moralo. Metsi ho noa e fanoang ka openings e phahameng ka ho o dumella ho etsa tlas'a maemo leha e le efe. Coast hantle kgotsofala ka mitha halofo ka holim'a metsi phahameng ka ho fetisisa boemo ba bochaba, le be le bonnete ba hore beha seteishene pompa. Ha palo ena fapana haholo ka nōkeng, ka nako eo hantle e na le likarolo tse 'maloa tse arohaneng ho ea ka palo ea mela absorption. Lifensetere holimo li sebelisoa bakeng sa pokello ea lera holim nakong moroallo, e leng se etsang hore ho be bonolo ho nka mokelikeli hlakileng.

A mofuta o khethehileng oa liteishene noa metsi a sebelisitsoeng ka ketsahalo ea hlokahala hore meqolo e khōlō ea mokelikeli kapa haeba boemo ba leholimo e ama ntoa e sa khaotseng le crusts leqhoa. Ka intakes joalo lokisetsa bakete maiketsetso ka mofuta le le kanaleng. litekanyo tsa lona ikemiselitse ho itšetlehile ka lebelo la phaphametseng tebileng leqhoa majoe. Linkho grassroots baeti ba fihlelang ho beha tlaase ho linoka molomo bakeng sa ho fumana ka maqhubu a tlase le ho loantša ho tebileng floes. Linkho ka holimo lesoba ne a rerile hore tlhomamiso ka molomo khahlanong le phallo e le ho mo sebeletsa e le kamohelo holim tsa mokelikeli ho hlakisoa. mefuta ena lumella ho noa dibopeho linkho mabopong cheka ka le lefika ka botebo ba 3.5 limithara kapa li nka ka har'a nōka, arola letamo.

Le dibopeho tsa karaoke set le tlhoekiso hantle hlakisoa likhohola mokelikeli kapa leqhoa hoholeha. Pele feptjoa ka khatello ea mola mongobo e tlhotliloeng ka ho e tenya ea lehlohlojane le lehlabathe le dikarolo ka tlhaho teng ka tlase kapa mabōpong, ka nako eo feela a amohela sesiu, tubular kapa disebediswa tsa ho tse tshekaletseng.

Ha o batla ho fana ka nakoana phepelo ea metsi, ho haha libaka tsa phaphametseng metsing kapa selefouno metsi ho noa. Bakeng sa sebaka sa liteishene selefouno ka la noka ho kenyeletsa seporo le lenane la dipina ka letsoapong leo ba susumelletsa, ho itšetlehile ka ho phahama metsi. Phaphametseng dibopeho hore o lumellane le ankora likepe tsa tsepamisitsoeng kapa pontoons. The go tlhoka mesola ya intakes nakoana metsi a kenyeletsa e le hantle hore lipeipi kaofela ba entsoe ka thepa e tenyetsehang, 'me sena se etsa hore ho senyeha bona pele ho nako' me likhoreletso sebedisa ka nako leqhoa-eang ho sona.

Ho tlosa mongobo ho tswa ho lehlabathe le lehlohlojane mobu unconfined lera ka holimo tse tshekaletseng lokisetsa shafts ka. Lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa bona e hahiloeng ka konkreite ka le foreimi e tšepe. Metsi kena seamohedi ka mekoting ka marako le mokatong. Botebong ba hantle nkile le reflux filtara kolohantsoeng, e bopilweng ka lehlabathe ho botenya ba tse 0.6 limithara kapa ho feta magato aa lehlohlojane le botenya kakaretso ea ho fihlela ho 0,15 m. Ka holimo ho holim 'a mobu o etsa hantle ka 0,8 m. Mabota li sirelelitsoe ke loko ea letsopa le botenya ho fihlela ho 0.5 limithara eo tsoela ka tlaase ho mobu ho 0.3-1.2 m. Hlokahala otmostka lokisetsa haufi ka konkreiti mabota le kretiente le tsoang ho 1-1.5 limithara le bophara ba.

Mosebetsi ya dibaka tsa metsi ho noa libakeng tse e ka leboea e thatafatsoa ke a boima ao ba nakong ea mariha ha boemo ba leholimo moo freezing metsi bulehileng. Mehaho e sebelisoang feela nakong ea leqhoa le qhibilihang. libakeng tse ka leboea ba tšoauoa ka e le sieo hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng mehloli sekhukhu metsi ka seoelo ba le e ngata ea le liminerale le li tse sa lokang bakeng sa ho noa. Lokolla mariha scant mongobo, kahoo, ho e nkiloe le dikarolo le teng ka tlaase ho mobu o hoammeng. Ho eketsa metsi a ka matamo ho khotsofatsoa matamo maiketsetso le matamo atolosoa sebakeng seo, ka tsela eo ho kgothaletsa laoloa recharge ea linōka le matša a mehloling sekhukhu freezing.

Mefuta ea mehloli

metsi khemise bakeng sa ho sebelisoa metseng le metsaneng e etsoa ho tloha holim 'me subsurface le dikarolo le. Aquifers ka lenaneng la mobu ke khatello le matla a khoheli. dikarolo Horizontal haufi holim kapa tebileng ka linōka, matša a bitsoa tlase ho lefatshe. metsi fatše ba tšoauoa ka tšilafalo phahameng le pele ba kena metsi khatello ea lokela ho feta ho itlhoekisa.

Pressurized metsi ka ho feletseng tlala tshekaletseng strata teng ka tlase kapa matamo haufi sebeletsa bakeng sa recharge bona. mehloli Artesian na ea bohlokoa ea metsi e hloekileng, hore o lumellane le tse qotsitsoeng mefuta bona intakes joalo, e leng moralo ha di na le dipegelo disebediswsa kalafo. Ka hantle bakeng sa ho fumana metsi pressurized tswa tshekaletseng lera mokelikeli teng tlas'a maemo a ts'ehetsana mola eo ketekeloang hong ka boemo holim 'a seliba se haufi. Ha mola ona e ka holimo ho holim 'fatše, mongobo o phallang ho tloha hantle, e leng o bitsoa artesian.

Pressurized le metsi seeping holim'a holim 'a mobu bao e seng pressurized, theha e theoha le nyoloha linotlolo fa metsi ea boleng bo phahameng, e leng e sebediswa bakeng sa merero e nooang ntle tsamaiso ea theko e phahameng ho itlhoekisa. litšobotsi tse ya boleng ba mohloli, tse kang matla a, botebo ba, ho tlala liminerale sebediswa ho khetha mofuta wa sebopeho sa seteishene metsi ho noa. Ha a ntse a nahane botekgeniki le nahanelwa moruo le hore ho hlokahala hore mofuta itseng ea mokelikeli (bakeng sa liindasteri metsi, ho noa, ho khotsofatsa litlhoko ba ntlo).

Terms of saeteng kgetho

dibopeho kaho ho noa e thehiloe boletsoeng esale pele ea thepa mokelikeli tsoa mohloling o kgethile, hlokahala ho sokoloha e lebōpong la leoatle, noka bethe Phetohelo kapa pokello tse ling le haeteroliki maemo ho sebelisa mehaho. Ha liphetoho boemo ba metsi a fetang 6 limithara le moepa letsoapong lebōpong lekane bakeng sa metsi inflow mehaho e tloaelehile u ahele tlhakantsuke lebōpong.

Haeba u rera ho Karolelano tshebetso, ka lebaka la intakes tlaase metsi ka bophahamo kopana le tsamaiso ea pompa. Estern arohaneng mohaho ona o mofuta ka bokgoni ba hlokahala e nyenyane 'me ka botebo e khōlō ea pokello ea. Ha oscillation holim 'a metsi a - ka tlaase ho 6, m, botebo ke tse nyenyane, ka nako eo sebelisa mofuta o mong oa ba kanale le ho noa ea seteishene sa pompo ka onshore meaho seamohedi.

manolotsoeng haeteroliki

Ho fumana hore na entsprechen homolog ho hlokehang lipeipi haeteroliki manolotsoeng. Nahanela bokgoni ea lipeipi le thepa ea motheo e meng bakeng sa kaofela hona joale nako e bonnete. tshebediso ya metsi e hlalosoa e le hore ho hlokahala hore eona nakong ea lebetsoeng le lokolola bareki amanang. E Thehiloe ho ya data tsena, a bale diameters phala hlokahala bakeng sa moruong solofetsang makhalong e esale pele le boima ka tahlehelo ea fokolang haholo.

Etsa temperaturdiagramm axonometric bontšang tataiso ho tswa input ho amanang hohelle-noute, khetha sebaka le nomoro nyenyane ka ho fetisisa dithetologo. Balwa bolelele likarolo ho tloha ntlha e 'ngoe ho noute e mong, e kentse ka tjhelete e ya lintlha tse mokelikeli parsing. Pipe bophara e fetohile sebakeng se seng, ka hare ho e karolong e le 'ngoe le phala fana ka boholo le' ngoe. Kaho ea libaka tsa metsi ho noa o etsoa ka mor'a manolotsoeng e feletseng haeteroliki.

tlhoekiso dimela

Fumana boleng ba metsi, e thehiloeng litsupa joalo:

• thepa 'meleng, tse kang turbidity, ho ba teng ha tatso,' mala, monko, mocheso;
• thepa lik'hemik'hale bontšang bokhoni ho ho kena moea, thatafala, e le karabelo mafolofolo, dikahare matsoai;
• thepa Bacteriological hore li bontša tekanyo ea ho silafatsoa ke libaktheria hore oela ka metsing ho tswa ho potolohileng mantle likhoerekhoere, pula, liphoofolo.

metsi a nooang e tlas'a hlahlobisisoa. e mokelikeli boleng ditlhoko tsa tšebeliso bolulo le tse ditekanyetos ka ka CCITT R51232 - 1998. The tokomane kenyelletsoa ditlhoko tsa 'mele, lik'hemik'hale le litsupa baktheria. Ha hloekileng metsi a ha e le lumellane le boitsebiso normative, joale haha metsi ho noa kalafo metsi a likhoerekhoere semela. The mekhoa o tloaelehileng haholo oa kalafo a hlokomeloe mabapi le disinfection le tlhakiso. Bakeng sa tlhakiso sebetsa filtara e le sedimentation mekhahlelo 'maloa, oo ka oona litšila ho teba ho tlase. The germicidal ts'ebetso ea ho lelefatsa bophelo ba lijo boetse maemong chlorination, ozonation e sebediswa bakeng sa ho lahla microorganisms pathogenic.

Ba lokisetsa ho ea metsi ho tloha mehloli sekhukhu

Le ho khetha seteisheneng noa metsi bakeng sa kamohelo mokelikeli ho tloha le dikarolo e se ka tlas'a ama botebo le lefelo la lera khumo. Facilities li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'nè:

• ho noa lesoba;
• shafts ea ka;
• intakes liketso tsa tshekaletseng;
• kapotazhnye sesebediswa.

mehaho e noa e le liliba tlase ho lefatshe kapa liliba tube, e sebediswa ho Ntša maro ho tswa sebopeho ho bolibeng ba fetang 10 m. The kaho na le ho cheka lerako borehole le ho matlafatsa kenapa. Butle-butle decreases le botebo manakaneng liphaephe le bophara ba. Karolong e ka tlaase ea lesoba e beha filthara le holim'a holimo hantle, ho haha lemohileng kamoreng. Ha khatello ea aquifer le ho lekaneng le matla, metsi a phahama ho holim le tlas'a khatello, ho seng joalo mongobo feptjoang tlhōrōng ka tsela lipompo sa.

Meaho ya mofuta bulehileng liliba sebeletsa ho fumana metsi a botebo ba fetang limithara tse 30 ha marako hantle -. Concrete, lehong kapa setene, hangata li sebelisa loketse likarolo ditekanyetos sequentially aligning mong ho e mong. Likarolong tse tlaase tsa mabota le tlase ea openings hantle fana bakeng sa ho noa tsa tlhaho mokelikeli. Kwa tlase etsa filtara lera lehlabathe le lehlohlojane. Le hore ho hlokahala eketsehileng bakeng sa metsi a lokisetsa liliba tse ngata 'me ya kokangana ke mathombo aa gopang le Metsi' mokelli, lipompo moo mongobo e fuoa ka metsing.

Ka tlas'a lefatše intakes metsi liketso tsa tshekaletseng sebeletsa ho bokella metsi a ka botebo e sa tebang. Ba sebetsa ka ka botebo ba limithara tse ho fihlela ho 8 of tekanyetso e hahiloeng ka konkreite, kapa likarolo ceramic le mekoti kapa slits ka bokaholimo lehlakoreng. The mefuta e sa rarahanang ea rapaletseng entseng ho tloha setene thinned kapa maloanlahla, bakeng sa tokiso thibelo li sheba lik'hamera le leng le limithara tse 100.

Kapotazhnye kamoreng sebeletsa u ka ntšang metsi a tsoang linotlolo. Ba bonolo shafts ka, o ile a lokisetsa holim 'a sebaka sa ponahalo ea metsi ka holim'a metsi. Bakeng sa mokelikeli ho tswa ho theoha mehloli senotlolo etsa kapotazhnye kamoreng bakeng sa ho bokella mongobo ho pholletsa le mabota paatsepama tsa tshekaletseng mofuta noa.

Metsi pokello ea mehloli holim'a metsi

Ka mokhoa ona mehato metsi ho noa li ao etselitse sitisoe ke letho fumana mongobo ka nako ya selemo. Bakeng sa sebopeho sena haufi le mosebedisi ya ka setaleng, tlase silafetseng sebaka lebōpong, ho haha dimela liindasteri le liteishene tsa likhoerekhoere. Metsi intakes mehloling holim khotsofatsoa, nahane ka chenchana khoneha ya bethe noka ha nako e ntse. Likarolo tsamaiso e khopo ba lokisetsa e le hore ka mor'a ho bōptjoa ha leqhoa mariha le holimo dibopeho e ne e se ka tlase ho 0,3 limithara, 'me ka tlaase ho metsi kamohelo ne ke sa fihla ho ea botlaaseng ba le nōka ho 1 m.

mehaho e ja hangata hahoa le motheo oa ho kopantswe ea mefuta e 'meli kapa ho feta, ho e laolwang ke litšobotsi tsa pokello le chelete e hlokahalang ya tshebediso ya. Pele o sebedisa tsamaiso fetisa teko botekgeniki. Holim intakes metsi Hatela hlatsoa ka metsi a macha ka lebelo la 1 limithara / s. Ba ntlo ea phepelo ea metsi e ditlelorine bakeng sa disinfection.

The sesebediswa sa Link dinetweke tseo phepelo ea metsi

tsamaiso e khopo ka ntle ho e kenyeletsa Litsela khōlō le se mahareng mola lekala. E le lintho tse bonahalang tse liphaephe ho sebelisoa metsoako botsoalle tikoloho kgethile ke maemo a GOST. Pakeng tsa seteishene fire le metsi pressurized fetisa ka mokelikeli kalafo dimela, di theohela tlase ka tanka le ka tsela laolang disebediswsa lebisoa ho mosebedisi ka. Pipe bophara ka sehloohong thoroughfare nkiloeng ho ea ka moralo haeteroliki, le diameters ea lekala li sebelisoa mabapi le mollo oa ho a tšoaetsanoang ka phallo mokelikeli.

Sesebediswa bakeng sa ho phahamisa metsi

Pompa mehahong fa mokhatlo oa metsi oa potoloho ka fetola matla ya metsamao ya ka eneji, le haeteroliki transmissible mokelikeli. Le disebediswa tsa ho tsena mongobo o tsosoa ho bophahamo li lakalitseng, fuoa holim'a sebaka se selelele 'me ba tlameha ho phalla ka koetsoeng oona tsamaisong ea metsi phala, eo e kenyeletsa tshebetso ya dibopeho metsi ho noa. Selection lipompo tsa tšebeletso ea metsi ho noa dibopeho rarahaneng e itšetlehile ka mofuta oa enjene, matla, khatello, bokgoni le ditekanyetso tse ling. Kopo atileng ka ho fetisisa ke ea lipompo centrifugal hore na menyetla lekana holim'a mefuta e meng.

Matamo le litora metsi

E le hore ho fihlela khatello tsamaisong phepelo ea metsi le ho tsosa mokelikeli ho phahameng-phahama fatše a metsi a litora tse ho sebetsa ka molao-motheo oa 'meleng oa ho buisana lijana. The tanka pokello ka tora e balwa ho tswa ho bophahamo ba modumo tsa metsi tse laolang phepelo ea mokelikeli ho bareki ka nako e itseng, e tla hlōleha haeba intakes metsi mehloling sekhukhu.

Ka metsi tanka tora bolokwa phepelo ea metsi a hlokahalang bakeng sa boemo ba tšohanyetso timang ka hare ho metsotso e 10 ka mora thothetsang molelo. Metsi tora moralo akarelletsa tub tšehetsa substrate thehoa ka bophahamo ba mohaho molelelehadi motseng. Libakeng tse ka leboea e lokisetsa ho sireletsa mochesong le serameng, matlo, le feela koahelang le tanka e ka boroa.

Ditanka bakeng sa polokelo ya metsi beha ka tse fapa-fapaneng tsamaiso e khopo libaka tlanye konopo, li sebelisoa ho boloka ho inventory mokelikeli. Buka ea la litanka itšetlehile ka morero oa tsona le litlhoko tsa metsi ho tlala khatello ea bareki tsamaiso. Lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa mehaho e secheso setene, mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lejoe tlhaho le konkreite. sebopeho sa khetholla litanka tse chitja le likhutlo li 'nè. Overlapping matha monolithic kapa modular tsela.

Repair ea lipeipi sekhukhu le ka tlas'a metsi

Sethusathuto noa dibopeho ka kotopo le atolositse mor'a nako ya tshebetso hloka nako le nako ea ho lokisa le tlhokomelo. Ka linako tse ling metsi throughput e fokotsehile ka lebaka la ho mobung ka liphaephe mapheko le accretions. ho hloekisa lona e etsoa nako le nako, maemong a le bonolo, e lekaneng backwashing metsi kapa morao-rao ka ho toba. Maemong a rarahaneng ho feta ho sebedisa scrapers kapa ruffs.

Ho tlosa ka lipeipi senyehile holim'a metsi - mosebetsi likhathatso le theko e boima. Ka lebaka leo, e sesebediswa e khethehileng eo re susumelletsa hore ka hare tube, e etselitsoeng ho itlhoekisa. sesebediswa e ba ile ba fallela, le o tlhobosa le manakana a potolohang tlosa dikarolo le ka thata ka marako. Ho hloekisa meralong ho tloha tse mokelikeli e tlosoa, ho etsa sinkers, ha a fana ka sebopeho sa liphaephe ho tsoa ho holim'a metsi.

Ho tlosa discontinuities thata kapa masoba ka liphaephe le di phahama ka holimo, 'me ka mor'a ho tlosa karolo e bolisoa e theolela hape ho tlase. Ha e rarahaneng haholo tshenyo lokisa sebelisa ka tlas'a metsi tjheseletsa.

Qetellong, re lokela ho hlokomela hore sesebediswa noa dibopeho hloka tsebo e khethehileng, e le hore ho fumana hore na mofuta oa dimela, kgetha sebakeng se le rasstanovit dikarolo mehaho. Empa ha e le bareki morao-rao ke ke a bona teng kantle ho metsi a fanang ka bophelo, ka nako eo ka mor'a nako ho na le merero e ncha le mehopolo bakeng sa tse qotsitsoeng ea metsi ho tswa ho mala lefatšeng.