Mathata a tikoloho a Plain ea Russia. Mathata a ho sebelisoa ka mokhoa o utloahalang oa thepa ea Plain ea Russia

E le ho utloisisa hantle mathata a tikoloho a Plain ea Russia, ho hlokahala hore u nahane ka ho qaqileng hore na mohloli oa lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho sebakeng sena o na le eng, ho feta kamoo ho hlokomelehang kateng.

Likarolo tsa Plain ea Russia

Pele ho tsohle, re tla arabela potso ea hore na Plain ea Russia e hokae. The Plain East Europe e fumaneha karolong e ka leboea ea Eurasia 'me ke oa bobeli ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara sebakeng sa kamora sebaka sa mahaeng a Amazonian. Lebitso la bobeli la East European Plain ke Serussia. Sena se bakoa ke hore karolo ea bohlokoa ea eona e tšoaretsoe ke naha ea Russia. Ke tšimong ena eo bongata ba baahi ba naha ba tsepamisitseng maikutlo 'me metse e meholo ka ho fetisisa e teng.

Bolelele ba thota ho tloha karolong e ka leboea ho ea ka boroa e ka ba lik'hilomithara tse 2,5, le ho tloha ka bochabela ho ea bophirimela - lik'hilomithara tse likete tse tharo Hoo e batlang e le tšimo eohle ea Phula ea Russia e na le liphallelo tse patehileng ka ho rata ho fokolang - ha ho na likhato tse hlano. Sena se itšetlehile haholo ka hore setša se batla se lumellana ka ho feletseng le sethala sa East Europe. Ha ho na ho sisinyeha ha lefatše, mme ka hona, ha ho na lintho tse senyang tsa motheo (litšisinyeho tsa lefatse).

Bohareng ba bophahamo ba thota ke hoo e ka bang 200 limithara tse ka holim'a leoatle. Sebaka se phahameng ka ho fetisisa se fihla bophahamong ba Bugulminsko-Belebeevskaya - 479 m. Sebaka sa Russia se ka be se arohane ka lihlopha tse tharo: karolong e ka leboea, e bohareng le e ka boroa. Sebakeng sa eona ho na le libaka tse ngata tsa libaka tse ka thōko: sebaka sa Bohareng-Russia, Smolensk-Moscow Upland - le mabalane: Polissya, Oka-Don plain, joalo-joalo.

Minerals ea Plain ea Russia

Sebaka sa Russia se na le mehloli e mengata. Mona ho na le mefuta eohle ea liminerale: ore, e seng ea tšepe, ea chesang. Sebaka se ikhethang se tšoaretsoe ke ho hloekisoa ha oli, khase le khase.

1. Ore

Sesebelisoa sa tšepe sa matla a Kursk a khoheli. Li-deposit: Lebedinsky, Mikhailovskoye, Stoilenskoe, Yakovlevskoye. Moriri oa li-deposit tsena tse hlahisitsoeng o khetholloa ka lihlahisoa tse phahameng tsa tšepe - 41.5%.

2. Ntle ho tšepe

• Bauxite. Li-deposit: Vislovskoye. Lintho tsa alumina lefikeng li fihla ho 70%.
• Makala, marl, lehlabathe le monate. Li-deposit: Volsky, Tashlinskoye, Dyatkovo le ba bang.
• Mashala a maholo. Matamo: Donetsk, Podmoskovny, Pechorsky.
• Li-diamond. Li-deposit tsa Setereke sa Arkhangelsk.

3. e chesang

• Oli le khase. Lihlahisoa tsa oli le khase: Timan-Pechora le Volga-Urals.
• Li-shales tsa oli. Li-deposit: Kashpirovskoe, Obshtsyyrtskoe.

Liminerale tsa Plain ea Russia li ntšoa ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng, tse nang le phello e mpe tikolohong. Ho na le ho koala ha mobu, metsi le sepakapaka.

Tšusumetso ea mesebetsi ea batho ka mofuta oa East Europe Plain

Mathata a tikoloho a Plain ea Russia a amana haholo le mesebetsi ea batho: nts'etsopele ea lichelete tsa diminerale, ho hahoa ha metse, litsela, ho ntša metsi a meholo ea likhoebo tse kholo, tšebeliso ea metsi a mangata, a ke keng a tsosolosoa, a silafatsoa.

Ka tlase re tla hlahloba mathata ohle a tikoloho a Plain Russia. Tafole e tla bontša hore na mathata a teng, moo a lulang teng. Litsela tse ka khonehang tsa ntoa li hlahisoa.

Boemo ba leholimo la Plain ea Russia

Mocheso oa East European Plain ke ka mokhoa o itekanetseng continental. Ho ntse ho eketseha ha naha ha e falla ka hare ho k'honthinente. Ka karolelano mocheso oa thota khoeling e batang ka ho fetisisa (January) ke li-degrees tse 8 ka bophirimela le -12 likhato tse ka bochabela. Khoeli e futhumala ka ho fetisisa (July), mocheso o tloaelehileng karolong e ka leboea-bophirima ke likhato tsa +18, karolong e ka boroa-bochabela +21 degrees.

Boholo ba pula ea metsi e oela nakong e futhumetseng - hoo e ka bang 60-70% ea chelete ea selemo le selemo. Ka holim'a marulelo a maru a oela ho feta lihlekehleke. Phaello ea selemo le selemo karolong e ka bophirimela ke 800 mm ka selemo, karolong e ka bochabela - 600 mm.

Lebōpong la Russia ho na le libaka tse 'maloa tsa tlhaho: li-steppes le li-desert, li-forest-steppe, meru e pharaletseng, meru e tsoakiloeng, taiga, tundra (ha e tloha ka boroa ho ea ka leboea).

Mehloli ea meru ea thota haholo e emeloa ke limela tsa coniferous - pine le spruce. Nakong e fetileng, meru e ne e khaola ka thata le ho sebelisoa indastering ea mapolanka. Hona joale, meru e na le melao ea boithabiso, metsi le tlhokomelo ea metsi.

Bophelo ba limela le liphoofolo tsa Plain Bochabela Europe

Ka lebaka la liphapang tse nyenyane tsa mocheso libakeng tsa Phula ea Russia, ho ka khoneha ho bona mefuta e hlakileng ea mobu-vegetative zoning. Mobu o ka leboea oa sod-podzolic o ka boroa o nkeloa sebaka ke li-chernozems tse nonneng, tse amang tsela ea limela.

Liphoofolo le liphoofolo li 'nile tsa utloa bohloko haholo ka lebaka la mesebetsi ea batho. Mefuta e mengata ea limela e nyametse. Ho liphoofolo, tšenyo e kholo e bakoa ke liphoofolo tsa boea, tseo kamehla e neng e le ntho ea ho tsoma. Tlas'a ts'oaetso ea ho felloa ke metsi, muskrat, ntja ea raccoon, beaver. Bakeng sa li-ungulates tse kholo joalo, tse kang tarpan, saiga le bison e joalo li batla li nyamela ka ho feletseng.

Bakeng sa ho boloka mefuta e itseng ea liphoofolo le limela, ho ile ha thehoa mehloli ea tlhaho: Oksky, Galichya Gora, Central Chernozemny. VV Alekhina, Moru oa Vorskla le ba bang.

Linōka le maoatle a sehlekehlekeng sa East Europe Plain

Moo ho nang le Plain ea Russia, ho na le linōka le matša a mangata. Linōka tse kholo li phethang karolo ea bohlokoa mesebetsing ea moruo ke Volga, ea Oka le Don.

Volga ke nōka e kholo ka ho fetisisa Europe. E fumaneha mohaho oa Volgo-Kamsky motlakase oa metsi, o akarelletsang letamo, setsi sa motlakase oa metsi le thepa. Bolelele ba Volga ke 3631 km. Likaroloana tsa tsona tse ngata li sebelisoa polasing bakeng sa nosetso.

Don o boetse o phetha karolo ea bohlokoa mesebetsing ea indasteri. Bolelele ba eona ke 1870 km. Volga-Don Shipping Canal le sebaka sa Tsimlyansk haholo ke sa bohlokoa haholo.

Ntle le linōka tsena tse khōlō, Hopper, Voronezh, Bityug, Severnaya Dvina, Zapadnaya Dvina, Onega, Kem le tse ling li phalla thoteng.

Ntle le linōka, sebaka sa Russia se akarelletsa Leoatle la Baltic, Leoatle la Barents, Leoatle le Lefubelu, Leoatle le Letšo, Leoatle la Caspian.

Botlaaseng ba Leoatle la Baltic ke pipeline ea khase ea Nord Stream. Sena se ama boemo ba tikoloho ea sebaka sa hydrological. Nakong ea ho beoa liphaephe tsa khase, metsi a ile a koala, mefuta e mengata ea litlhapi e fokotsehile.

Libakeng tsa Baltic, Barents, Caspian le White , liminerale tse ling li na le moruoa, tseo ka lehlakoreng le leng li amang metsi. Tse ling tsa litšila tsa indasteri li kena ka leoatleng.

Ho Barents le Maoatle a Maoatle, mefuta e meng ea litlhapi e tšoaroa ka mekhoa ea indasteri: cod, herring, flounder, haddock, halibut, catfish, anchovy, pikeperch, mackerel, joalo-joalo.

Leoatleng la Caspian, litlhapi, haholo-holo li-sturgeon, li tšoaroa. Lebōpong la leoatle, ka lebaka la maemo a tlhaho a tlhaho, ho na le li-sanatori tse ngata le metheo ea bahahlauli. Leoatle le Letšo le na le sekepe. Ho rekisoa ha lihlahisoa tsa oli ho tloha likoung tsa Russia ho ntse ho etsoa.

Metsi a sekhukhu a Lebōpong la Russia

Ho phaella holim'a metsi a holim'a metsi, motho o sebelisa sepakapaka, e leng ka lebaka la tšebeliso e sa sebeliseng hantle e amang mobu - ho na le li-subsidence, joalo-joalo. Libate tse tharo tse khōlō tsa artesian li khetholla thota: Caspian, Middle East le East-Russian. Li sebeletsa e le mohloli oa metsi bakeng sa tšimo e khōlō.