Lysosomes - seleng ke "medics"

Mong le e mong seleng ea phelang o na le sete ya dibopeho tse mo fa monyetla oa ho bontša ka thepa kaofela e phelang phelang. E le hore ba sebetse hantle, sele lokela fumana limatlafatsi tse lekaneng ho heletsa le ho lokolla matla a bona, e leng e ka nako eo a ke tsoela pele dithulaganyo bophelo tšehetso.

Ka ho ba sethaleng sa pele sa dithulaganyo rarahaneng tse ya taolo ya eneji, lysosomes lisele otshnurovyvayutsya ea metshetshe pantshisi-tse dictyosomes ditanka (Golgi).

Kamoo ke lysosomes

Lysosomes - ke odnomembrannye namane chitja le bophara ba microns ho tloha 0,2 ho 2, e leng e kenyeleditsweng ka rarahaneng ea enzyme hydrolytic. Ba ba khona ho khomarela efe kapa efe polymer tsa tlhaho kapa ntho sebopeho rarahaneng, oela ka seleng ea ka substrate phepo kapa moemeli tsoang linaheng tse ling:

• liprotheine le polypeptides;
• polysaccharides (starch, dextrin, glycogen);
• acid nucleic;
• lipids.

bokgoni Sena se ka fana ka ka bang 40 mefuta e fapaneng ya enzyme tse lysosomes popeho le ka lehlakoreng le ka hare tsa lera ka boemo adherent.

k'hemistri lysosomes

Lera potolohileng lysosome, ho sireletsa organelles le dikarolo tse ding lisele tsa a nahanisisa potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale e rarahaneng. Empa ka se ome mathe enzyme kaofela ba tšimoloho protheine, ke hobane'ng ha ba ha ba arohana ka ho proteases?

'Nete ke hore ka hare ho potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale lysosome ke glycosylated naha. Sena k'habohaedreite "khetla" etsa hore ba hampe amogelwang ho potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale proteolytic.

Itsoara joang ka seaplane hara lysosomes ke length of acid e (ph 4.5-5), ho fapana ho hyaloplasm hoo e ka bang se nke lehlakore. E baka maemo a molemo ka bakeng sa ketso ea enzyme le sebelisang H ⁺ -ATPase, eo lipompo protons hare organelles.

Ho sokoloha thulaganyou e lysosome

Morphologically ka seleng ke mefuta e 'meli e ka sehloohong ea lysosomes - sa mathomo le se mahareng.

lysosomes mathomo - e bubble tse nyenyane, kapa boreleli e sehang ka nģa, ba arohane le ho tanka Golgi rarahaneng. Ba na le sete ya enzyme hydrolytic ka pele e neng e thehoa ka lera la granular (roughened) EPR. Pele absorption ea lysosomes phepo substrate ke ka foromo a sa kopanele tšebeletsong.

Ho qala ka potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale lysosome lokela ho fumana likaroloana lijo kapa sephalli. Sena se etsahala ka litsela tse peli:

1. Ke autophagy, moo likaroloana lijo li ananelang lysosome tloha cytoplasm e potolohileng. The lera organelles invaginates ntlha ho buisana le ba phatsa 'me e bopa e vesicle endocytic ebe otshnurovyvaetsya hare lysosomes.
2. Ke geterofagii ha lysosome merges le vesicles endocytic, hang ka ho cytoplasm ea sele ka lebaka la ho absorption ea-butle kapa sephalli ho tswa ho ka ntle.

lysosomes mahareng - sena vesicles nang le potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le substrate bakeng sa tshilo ya dijo. Di tšoauoa ka mosebetsi hydrolytic bontša 'me le hlahisa ka lebaka la ho absorption ea substrate lysosome mathomo.

Le hore mosebetsi oa ho fokotsa lysosomal tshilo ya dijo (bokaholimo ba matsoele) ya likaroloana tiileng le manyolo solutes, thulaganyo fetoha le maemo e fanoeng ke bokhoni ba lysosomes mahareng:

• kopane le lysosomes mathomo, e tlisa e le methaka e ntjha ya enzyme;
• coalesce le likaroloana tse ncha lijo kapa vesicles endocytotic lula e tsoelang pele thulaganyou e bokaholimo ba matsoele;
• kopane le lysosomes tse ling se mahareng, eaba ba etsa sebopeho kgolo khona ho 'me le monya organelles tse ling li-cell;
• monya vesicles pinocytic ho ntshetsa pele ka 'mele multivesicular.

Sebōpeho sa lysosomes ha se feletseng fetoha. Hangata ho feela e ntse e hōla ka seemo.

mefuta e meng ea lysosomes

Ka linako tse ling petsoha tšoaroa ka lysosome dintho hase ho fihlela bofelong. likaroloana Undigested ha ba tlosoa organelle le ipokellela ka eona. Mora phepelo ea enzyme hydrolytic e mo qeta, katiloe le recycled dikahare, sebōpeho sa lysosome e ba e rarahaneng ho feta, mekhahlelo. Ba ka 'na ha beha pigment dintho. Lysosome fetoloa e le 'mele barrel.

Ka mor'a moo namane barrel lule sele kapa tlosoa therefrom ke exocytosis.

Ka protists lisele tse ka fumanoa autophagosomes. Ka tlhaho, ba ile ba ho matleng a lysosomes ea bobeli. Ka hare organelles tsena li fumanoa mesaletsa ea metsoako e meholo ea sele le mehaho cytoplasmic. Di thehoa ke tšenyo e seleng, botsofali le organelles lisele ke tsa dikarolo botjha ha thepa ea sele, lokolla ho monomers.

Lysosome mosebetsi ka seleng

Lysosomes haholo-holo fana hlokahala kaho seleng ea lintho tse bonahalang depolimerizuya dintho qabeletsoe ho eona.

Ho sithabela la lik'habohaedreite ke kgokahanyo bohlokoa ka metabolism eneji, le lisele tse ka hore au fe le substrate bakeng sa ho sokoloha ka mitochondria ena.

Lysosomes - ke e boetse e le tšireletso ea kgokahanyo ka boitshireletso ba mmele:

1. Ka mor'a hore phagocytosis ea libaktheria ke leucocytes, lysosomes tšela litaba tsa eona ka cavity tsa vesicle phagocytic, le ho timetsa microorganisms kotsi.
2. Lokolla enzyme proteolytic ka apoptosis - etselitsoe lefu seleng.
3. Lahla "khale hōlileng ka" organelles senyehileng le seleng.

Hammoho le keketseho seleng, lysosomes kenya letsoho ha ho botjha ha thepa ya dibopeho tse sa tšoaneng e fana ka apdeiti ya phelang.