Hydrogen

Haedrojene ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka makala a fapa-fapaneng tsa indasteri: ka tswakana tsa chloride hydrogen, ammonia (ammonia e ka ho eketsehileng a sebelisa bakeng sa ho hlahisa manyolo naetrojene), ka tlhahisong ea aniline, ka hlaphoheloa bao e seng ferrous tšepe tšepe. Ho indasteri e ea lijo e sebelisoa ho hlahisa baemeli bakeng sa mafura sa phoofolo (margarine e). Mabapi le taba ka holimo tshwanelanang ke tlhahiso ea hydrogen tikolohong e liindasteri.

khase ena e nkoa e le e microcyteme matla a nakong e tlang hobane ke mpshafatswago, ha emit "khase sethopo" CO₂ nakong combustion e, se hlahisa e khōlō palo ea matla ka unit trust boima ka tshebetso combustion e le e habonolo fetoloa matla a motlakase ea sele peterole.

Tlas'a maemo a laboratori ea hydrogen hangata e fumanoa ka ho fokotsa tšepe ba setseng ka letoto la lihlooho tse motlakase ya gagamalo, a tsoa ka metsing le acid:
Zn + 1HCl = ZnCl₂ + H₂ ↑: ΔH <0
2Na + 2HOH = 2NaOH + H₂ ↑: ΔH <0.

Ho indasteri, rasiti hydrogen le hlaha haholo-holo ka ho lokisa tsela ea tlhaho 'me likhase tse amanang.

1. The methane e ho sokoloha. tshebetso bopilwe ka itšoara joang ea methane e le mouoane ea metsi ka 800 - 900 ° C: CH₄ + H₂O = CO ↑ + 3H₂ ↑; ΔH> 0. Hammoho le tshebetso ena sebelisa leeme ho kena moea oa hydrocarbons le oksijene ka ho ba teng ha mouoane ea metsi: 3CH₄ + O₂ + H₂O = 3CO + 7 H₄. Mekhoa ena e ile ea qetella e lahleheloa ke bohlokoa ba tsona e le mehloli hydrocarbon ba ha mo qeta.

2. Biohydrogen ka fumaneha dimelametsing ka bioreactor ena. Ka bo-1990 morao ho ile ha fumanoa hore ha sebabole amoha dimelametsing, ba tla switjha ho tloha tlhahiso ea oksijene, ke hore,. E. Normal tala, ho hlahisoeng ha haedrojene. Biohydrogen ka boela ho hlahisoa bioreactors, sebelisa, ntle le dimelametsing, litšila masepala. tshebetso le hlaha ka ke libaktheria tseo monya hydrocarbon le ho hlahisa haedrojene le CO2.

3. Deep tsidifatso tsa Coke ontong khase. Ka tshebetso ya ho coking mashala lokisetsa dikotwana tse tharo: a tiileng - Coke, mokelikeli - mashala sekontiri - le khase e nang le, ntle ho hydrocarbons, limolek'hule hydrogen (ka 60%). karoloana ena e tlas'a tebileng tsidifatso marang ka mor'a ho tšoaroa le lintho tse bonahalang e khethehileng, e leng se etsang hore ho be bonolo ho arole ba haedrojene ho tloha litšila.

4. Production ya hydrogen a tsoa ka metsing sebelisa electrolysis - mokhoa hore e fana ka hydrogen clearest: 2H₂O → electrolysis → 2H₂ + O.

5. The k'habone ho sokoloha. Qalong, metsi le khase e fumanweng ka ho fetisa mouoane ea metsi ka e khubelu-e chesang ho 1000 ° C Coke: C + H₂O = CO ↑ + H₂ ↑; ΔH> 0, e leng e ka nako eo tsoakane le mouoane o fetile holim'a halefile ho 400 - 500 ° C sethothetsi Fe₂O₃. The sebelisana ea carbon monoxide (II) le mouoane: CO + H₂O + (H₂) = CO₂ + 2H₂ ↑; ΔH> 0.

6. Production ya hydrogen ke ho sokoloha ea carbon monoxide (CO), e thehiloeng ba ikutloa ka tsela buka e ikhethang ka libaktheria pherese photosynthetic (microorganisms unicellular pele khubelu kapa pinki mmala, e leng le amahanngoa le ho ba teng ha ka mebala photosynthetic). libaktheria tsena hlahisa haedrojene ke battlefield itšoara joang: CO + H₂O → CO₂ + H₂.

Sebopeho sa hydrogen ke metsi, ba itšoara joang ha a hloke thempereichara e phahameng le mabone e le. tshebetso nka sebaka ka mocheso kamoreng lefifing.

Industrial bohlokwa matsatsing ana fumanang ho iphetola ha lintho ea hydrogen tloha likhase e hlahisoang nakong oli e tala ho hloekisoa.

Leha ho le joalo, batho ba bangata ha ba tsebe hore ho ka etsahala hore a fumane hydrogen lapeng. Bakeng sa morero ona re ka sebelisa tharollo itsoara joang ka tsa alkali le aluminium. Nka halofo ea litha e le nngwe khalase botlolo le lesoba stopper, le mouoane tube,, 10 g, ea sulfate koporo, 20 g, letsoai, 10 g, ba ea alumina, 200 g ya balune metsi.

Lokisetsa le tharollo ya sulfate koporo: 100 g ya metsi a ne a eketsa 10 g ya sulfate koporo.

Cooking letsoai tharollo: 100 g ya metsi a ne a eketsa 20 g ya letsoai.

The tharollo e tsoakiloeng. Eketsa ho motsoako sephetho ea aluminium. Hang ka botlolo ea hlaha tšoeu slurry hokela ho tube, 'me balune tlatsa ka ho eona le le hydrogen mmatsie.

Lefa a lebisa tlhokomelo! Phihlelo ena e feela lokela ho qeta ka ntle. Hlokahala taolo mocheso, kaha ba itšoara joang ho etsahala ka ho iphetola ha lintho ba mocheso le ka tsoa taolong.

E lokela ho a hopola hore hydrogen, haeba ho e tsoakane le moeeng, e bopa phatloha motsoako, e leng o bitsoa detonating khase (likarolo tse peli haedrojene le karolo e 'ngoe ea oksijene). Ha motsoako ona ho hotetsa, e tla phatloha.