Liprotheine: Sebopeho le mosebetsi wa liprotheine

Liprotheine tse manyolo dintho. Tsena metsoako macromolecular ba tšoauoa ka e le ho hlophisoa e itseng 'me ke hydrolysis bola ka-amino acid. Protein limolek'hule e ka ba tsa dibopeho tse sa tšoaneng, ba bangata ba bona bopilwe liketane maloa polypeptide. Tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le sebōpeho sa protheine khouthollotsweng ka DNA, 'me limolek'hule protheine tswakana thulaganyou e bitsoa phetolelo.

The lik'hemik'hale ea liprotheine

Karolelano ea protheine e na:

• 52% k'habone;
• 7% haedrojene;
• 12% naetrojene;
• 21% oksijene;
• 3% sebabole.

Protein limolek'hule - ke polymers. E le hore re utloisise sebopeho, u lokela ho tseba seo ke karolo monomers bona --amino acid.

-amino acid

Ba ka aroloa mekhahlelo e 'meli: kamehla etsahala ka linako tse ling a kopana. Tsa pele e fana ka 18 protheine monomers amide le 2: acid e aspartic le asiti glutamic. Ka linako tse ling ho na le acid tse tharo feela.

acid tsena ka classified ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng: mofuta wa liketane lehlakoreng kapa ba laela radicals, hape ba ka aroloa ka palo ea lihlopha, CN le COOH.

Mohaho o ka sehloohong oa protheine e

Taelo ea-amino acid tse ketane protheine rerang maemo lona morago ga moo e sa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa, libōpeho le mesebetsi. Ka sehloohong foromo ea puisano pakeng tsa monomers le ke peptide. E thehoa ka ho tloswa ha haedrojene le tsoang aminoksloty mong le OH sehlopha sa tse ling.

Boemo pele ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa protheine molek'hule - le tatelano ea amino acid ho eona, feela ketane, e etsang qeto ea hore sebōpeho sa limolek'hule tsa protheine. Ho na le e le "masapo" ho ba le sebopeho sa kamehla. Sena tatelano pheta -NH-CH-CO-. radicals itseng liketane mahlakoreng-amino acid tse hlahisoang (R), thepa ea bona hore na ho hlophisoa ha sebopeho protheine.

Esita le haeba e tšoanang limolek'hule tsa lihaha-'mele, ba ka 'na ba fapana ka thepa feela hore na le tatelano e fapaneng ya monomers ka ketane ena. Taelo ea amino acid le ka protheine e e laolwang ke liphatsa tsa lefutso e le protheine hloka mesebetsi itseng tsa likokoana-hloko. Tatelano ya monomers ka limolek'hule le boikarabelo bakeng sa mosebetsi e tšoanang, hangata le haufi ka ho mefuta e fapaneng. Joalo limolek'hule - e tšoanang kapa tse tšoanang ho hlophisa le ho etsa ka ho mefuta e fapaneng ya lintho tse, e leng mosebetsi o tšoanang - homologous liprotheine. Sebopeho, thepa le mesebetsi ya limolek'hule nakong e tlang li beha ka ho ba sethaleng sa tswakana la liketane tsa amino acid.

Ling tse neng li tloaelehile

Sebōpeho sa protheine le e se e ile a ithuta ka nako e telele, 'me sebopeho and analysis bona mathomo re lumella hore re ho etsa ba bang ba generalizations. Bakeng sa palo e khōloanyane ea liprotheine tšoauoa ka ho ba teng ha tsohle amino acid tse mashome a mabeli, tseo ka tsona ka ho khetheha kgolo glycine, alanine, acid e aspartic, glutamine le tryptophan nyenyane, arginine, methionine, histidine. Ntle le mabaka a ba 'maloa feela ba lihlopha liprotheine tse kang histones. Ba hlokahala bakeng sa ambalaji DNA le na le e ngata histidine.

The generalization bobeli: ha ho dipaterone, ho tloaelehile hore batho ka amino acid tse alternation ea liprotheine globular. Empa esita le ka e hōle mosebetsi likokoana-hloko tsa polypeptides ba likhechana tse nyenyane tsa limolek'hule tšoanang.

sebopeho se mahareng

Boemo bobeli ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ketane polypeptide - e le boemong ba eona tlhaloganya sebaka, e leng e ho hlokomelwa ke litlamo hydrogen. Secrete α-Helix le β-lesaka. Oa potoloho karolo e mohaho o ile a laela, libakeng tse joalo ba bitsoa amorphous.

Alpha-Helix liprotheine tsa tlhaho pravozakruchennaya. lihlopha mahlakoreng-amino acid tse Helix kamehla tobane supa ka ntle le hona teng ka mahlakoreng a fapaneng a selekane lona. Haeba ba ne ba ke bao e seng Polar, ho na le khomo tsa bona ka lehlakoreng le leng la Helix fumana selikalikoe, e leng ho bopa maemo a bakeng sa convergence ba libaka tse fapaneng helical.

Beta-lesaka - haholo o molelele o Helix - atisa ho lula le protheine molek'hule le di thehoa e haufi le e tšoanang le ho dikarolo bao e seng e tšoanang le β-lipoliti.

Sebopeho phahameng tsa protheine ea

Boemo karolo ea boraro ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa protheine molek'hule - phutha ikhara, mameno a le libakeng amorphous ka sebopeho diseke ee. Hlahellang e loketseng ho sebelisana pakeng tsa liketane lehlakoreng la monomers bona. maqhama joalo li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'maloa:

• litlamo hydrogen li thehoa pakeng radicals Polar;
• Hydrophobic - pakeng tsa batho bao e seng Polar-lihlopha R;
• electrostatic mabotho motle (ionic litlamo) - pakeng tsa lihlopha, liqoso tseo ke bo fapaneng;
• disulfide marokho - pakeng tsa radicals cysteine.

The mofuta qetellang ea mabapi (-s = S-) e emela covalent sebelisana. marokho Disulfide matlafatsa lihaha-'mele, sebopeho bona fetoha tsitsitseng haholoanyane. Empa ho ba teng ha maqhama jwalo ha se hakaalo hore e. Mohlala, cysteine ka 'na ba e fokolang haholo ka ketane polypeptide, kapa e radicals tse haufi le ke ke bopa "borokho".

Boemo bone ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng

sebopeho Quaternary Ho thehoa, ha liprotheine tsohle. Sebōpeho sa liprotheine tse phahameng ka ho bone ikemiselitse ea ka palo ea liketane polypeptide (protomers). Di amahanngoa hammoho ke dikgokelo tšoana le boemo ba mehleng ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng, ho phaella ho disulfide marokho. The molek'hule e na le a 'maloa a protomers, e mong le e ba bona ba na le ea eona e khethehileng (kapa tšoanang) phahameng sebopeho.

maemong ohle ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng bona hore likarolo hore tla sebeletsa ho fumana protheine. Sebōpeho sa protheine le ka boemo ba pele ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng e ka tsela e nepahetseng haholo ea etsang qeto karolo ea bona e ileng ea latela ka seleng le phelang ka kakaretso.

Mesebetsi ya liprotheine

Ho thata ho esita le nahana kamoo ho leng bohlokoa ke karolo e phethoang ke liprotheine mosebetsing seleng ea ka. Ka holimo re sheba Sebopeho bona. Mesebetsi ya liprotheine tse ka ho toba e itšetlehileng ka eona.

Ho phetha mohaho ona o (mehaho) mosebetsi, ba ile ba theha motheong oa leha e le efe cytoplasm seleng e phelang. polymers tsena ke lintho tse bonahalang o ka sehloohong oa lera la tsohle seleng, ha comprised ka rarahaneng le lipids. Sena se akarelletsa ho seleng ea karohano ka liphaposi, nngwe le nngwe ya eo etsahala liphetoho tsa bona. 'nete ea hore ho hloka mantsoe a eona, ka haholo-holo bohlokoa karolo e bapaloang ke ph mahareng bakeng sa mong le e mong le thulaganyo rarahaneng lisele. Liprotheine haha mabota a masesaane, tse arola sele ka seo ho thoeng ke liphaposi. Empa ketsahalo e 'nileng ea bitsoa compartmentalization.

Mosebetsi catalytic ke ho laola liphetoho tsohle lisele. All enzyme hlahang ho yona ke ka tsela e itekanetseng kapa liprotheine rarahaneng.

Leha e le efe mefuta eohle ea lintho tse motsamao wa mmele (mosebetsi mesifa, mokhatlo ka protoplasm seleng, ciliary flicker ka protozoa le sa t. D.) Na etsoa ke liprotheine. Sebōpeho sa liprotheine lumella hore ba ho fallela likhoele foromo le masale. Mosebetsi lipalangoang ke dintho tse ngata tse isoa ka mose ho lera seleng ea liprotheine e itseng microcyteme.

Hormonal karolo ea polymers tsena Ke ho utloahalang hore hang-hang: ka sebōpeho sa 'maloa ba li-hormone tse lihaha-'mele, tse kang ho thusa insulin, oxytocin.

Phetolo mosebetsi o ikemiselitse e le hore le liprotheine khona ho theha mobung. Mohlala, valgumin mahe, lebese casein, dimela peo polokelo liprotheine - palo e khōlō ea limatlafatsi bolokoa ho eona.

tendons tsohle, kopanetsoeng articulation, masapo masapo, hooves thehoa lihaha-'mele, eo re tlisa e mong oa mesebetsi ea bona - tšehetsa.

Protein limolek'hule ke receptors jereng amohela khetha ya dintho tse itseng. Ka karolo ea ena, haholo-holo tsebahalang glycoproteins le lectins.

Mabaka a bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa sireletsehile maloetseng - lisireletsi le hlahang ho yona motlatsi tsamaiso e khopo ke liprotheine. Mohlala, tshebetso ya ho coagulation mali e thehiloe liphetoho fibrinogen protheine. Marako ka hare tsa metso le mala a lined le mokato sireletsang liprotheine mucous - Litsinija. Chefo boetse ho na le lihaha-'mele tsa tšimoloho ea. letlalo motheo, o ile a sireletsa 'mele oa phoofolo e collagen. mesebetsi tsena tsohle li liprotheine sireletsang.

E le hantle, ho qetela ka mosebetsi mola - taolo. Ho na le liprotheine tse laola liphatsa tsa lefutso mosebetsi. Ke hore, ba laola mongwalollo le phetolelo.

Eng kapa eng eo le karolo ea bohlokoa phetha liprotheine efe kapa efe, protheine sebopeho ne unriddled bo-rasaense ba ka nako e telele. 'Me hona joale ba fuparolla litsela tse ncha tsa ho sebelisa tsebo ena.